PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Lane

Publications and source records attributed to S Lane.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A flow interruption device for measurement of airway resistance.

Unlike conventional methods, the interrupter method for measuring airway resistance is non-invasive and requires minimal patient co-operation. It can therefore be applied in critically ill patients, acute asthmatics, neonates, pre-school children, geriatric patients and unconscious patients. The method is based on transient interruption of airflow at the mouth for a brief period during which alveolar pressure equilibrates with mouth pressure. Measurement of mouth pressure is used to estimate alveolar pressure prior to interruption and the ratio of this to flow prior to interruption gives airway resistance. Using the interrupter method we have developed a portable device for measuring airway resistance which is simple to use and gives a direct instantaneous reading. Measurements of airway resistance obtained using the new device were compared with those obtained using conventional body plethysmograph methods in 43 adult patients. A close correlation was seen (r = 0.86). The two methods appear equally sensitive in detecting changes in airway resistance following bronchodilator therapy. The device has been used successfully in pre-school children unable to co-operate with conventional methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Extra-skeletal Ewing's sarcoma of the nasal fossa.

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is rarely found arising in the head and neck region. An unusual case arising in the nasal fossa in a young child is reported and the differential diagnosis, pathology and treatment discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Dermatomyositis following chronic staphylococcal joint sepsis.

A young man is reported with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus joint sepsis associated with dermatomyositis. His dermatomyositis failed to resolve on treatment with antimicrobial agents alone, indicating that if staphylococcal infection was the triggering event for the dermatomyositis then the subsequent process was apparently self perpetuating, requiring cytotoxic agents for its control. This case can be interpreted as possible further evidence for the triggering of autoimmune disease by infective agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Immunoblotting of plasma in a pregnant patient with hereditary angioedema.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE), an autosomal disorder caused by a deficiency of C1 inhibitor, is characterized by attacks of localized swelling, laryngeal edema, or abdominal pain. Plasma samples from one pregnant patient were studied serially by functional and quantitative immunochemical assays as well as immunoblot assays for high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and/or prekallikrein/kallikrein (PK/K). An immunoblot of this patient's HMWK from plasma obtained before she became pregnant and when she was well revealed that it was mostly an intact protein of 120 kd, similar to immunoblot results of normal plasma HMWK. In plasma samples taken throughout her pregnancy, before, during, and after clinical attacks of angioedema, all of her plasma HMWK was shown to be cleaved into the 45 kd light chain form. After delivery of the infant the 120 kd form of intact plasma HMWK returned to her plasma. In comparison, immunoblot studies on 21 normal and abnormal pregnancies revealed that plasma HMWK was an intact protein at 120 kd. That this patient's plasma during her pregnancy was contact activated was determined by additional immunoblot studies for PK/K. Immunoblot assay for plasma PK/K revealed kallikrein-alpha 2-macroglobulin complexes and a 50 kd PK/K form seen only in activated plasma samples. The findings of kallikrein-alpha 2-macroglobulin complexes and a 50 kd PK/K form disappeared after delivery. These combined studies on this patient show that the structures of HMWK and prekallikrein as indicated by immunoblot assays were altered during pregnancy. Immunoblot assays for detection of changes in the structure of HMWK and prekallikrein may be objective laboratory studies for documenting clinical attacks of hereditary angioedema, their onset, and their resolution.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Children's solution strategies and mental rotation: evidence for a developmental shift.

We examined children's ability to anticipate the appearance of transformed multicomponents using visual stimuli with variations of a mental rotation task. We hypothesized that (a) performance would depend on the presence, location, and spatial relationship of specific stimulus features, and that (b) younger children would use a single component to make their predictions, whereas older children would be more likely to use multiple components. In Study 1, 40 first-, and fifth-grade subjects were presented with 32 rotation problems consisting of varied stimulus characteristics; subjects selected the correct option from a field where foils were indicative of the strategy used. Analyses of variance and log linear analyses revealed the hypothesized stimulus effect differentially associated with the children's ages. In Study 2, sixty 5-, 7-, and 9-year olds confronted 64 mental rotation problems with multicomponent stimuli and a construction task. Results and implications confirmed those of Study 1.

Attention↗
PubMed1987

Juvenile sex offenders: development and correction.

This paper addresses the developmental nature of sexually abusive behaviors as they apply to juvenile male sexual offenders. Socialization and sexual victimization are discussed. Three case histories elucidate and support the discussion of the development of victim offending. Significant treatment issues of juvenile male sexual offenders center around the sexual assault cycle which provides a framework for sexual offenders to conceptualize and understand the cognitive, behavioral, psychological, and situational factors which have resulted in their offense(s). Although sexual offenders and sexual offenses are each unique, the sexual assault cycle offers a means of addressing essential commonalities in the treatment of juvenile sexual offenders. Sexual offender specific treatment is viewed as essential for decreasing the risk of further sexual offenses, and thus decreasing the incidence of sexual victimization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The effects of ventilatory pattern on hyperinflation, airway pressures, and circulation in mechanical ventilation of patients with severe air-flow obstruction.

Patients with severe air-flow obstruction receiving mechanical ventilation are at risk of inadvertent pulmonary hyperinflation with morbidity and mortality caused by pneumothorax and circulatory depression. Nine patients with severe air-flow obstruction (5 asthma, 4 chronic air-flow obstruction) requiring mechanical ventilation were studied while sedated and therapeutically paralyzed. Pulmonary hyperinflation during steady-state ventilation was quantified by measuring total exhaled volume during 20- to 40-s apnea (end-inspiratory lung volume, VEI). Patients were studied at 3 levels of minute ventilation (VE) (10, 16, and 26 L/min) and at each VE, 3 levels of tidal volume (VT) (0.6, 1.0, and 1.6 L) and 3 levels of inspiratory flow (VI) (40, 70, and 100 L/min for VT = 1.0 L). There were progressive increases in VEI when VT was increased or when expiratory time (TE) was decreased either by an increase in rate (and hence VE) or by a decrease in VI (at a constant VE) reaching lung volumes as high as 3.6 +/- 0.4 L above FRC. Alveolar, central venous, and esophageal pressure rose in parallel with lung volumes, and hypotension was seen in most patients at highest lung volumes. Peak airway pressure (Ppk) was predominantly related to inspiratory flow and did not reflect changes in lung volume. Levels of ventilation required for normocapnia prior to paralysis (15.7 +/- 2.3 L/min) were associated with hypotension in 7 patients and probable hyperinflation in excess of 1.96 +/- 0.17 L above FRC. VEI is a simple, reproducible measurement of pulmonary hyperinflation and may be more important than Ppk in the causation of barotrauma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Development of the prepupal Verson's gland of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and its hormonal control.

The segmentally arranged Verson's glands are epidermal derivatives comprised of three cells: the duct, saccule, and secretory cells. The development of these glands was followed through the 5th instar and larval-pupal transition of Manduca sexta. The glands are relatively small during the feeding stage, begin to grow at wandering, and undergo about a 50-fold increase in size during the prepupal period. The increase in size is due mainly to the hypertrophy of the secretory cell which synthesizes a heterogeneous set of proteinaceous secretory products. Three prominent 11 to 12 kiloDalton (kD) polypeptides are made by the pharate fifth larval gland, whereas the pupal gland produces polypeptides ranging from 14 to 75 kD with a major complex at 30 to 34 kD. The secretory product is poured out onto the surface of the new cuticle at the time of ecdysis and contains all of the major proteins detected in extracts of the whole gland. The accumulation of secretory products by the gland occurs during the prepupal peak of ecdysteroid and is blocked if this rise is prevented by abdominal isolation. Infusion of 30 micrograms 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) into such isolated abdomens caused synthesis of the pupal products. Treatment with the juvenile hormone mimic, methoprene, during the fifth instar showed that the commitment of the glands to produce the pupal proteins is independent of and occurs before the overlying epidermis becomes committed to make pupal cuticle.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The role of stimulus intensity and stress in opioid-mediated analgesia.

Rats exposed to a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm developed naloxone-reversible analgesia only when the intensity of a noxious unconditioned stimulus was suprathreshold and the level of stress was augmented. The time course of the onset of this conditioned analgesia was reproduced by systemic administration of morphine. These findings suggest that both a minimal level of stimulus intensity and stress are necessary for the activation of endogenous opioid-mediated analgesia.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1984

Actual and perceived attitudes towards deafness.

This study had two aims: first, to investigate the attitudes of deaf and hearing people towards deafness; and, secondly, to study the difference between how deaf people perceive the attitudes of hearing people towards deafness, and how hearing people perceive the attitudes of deaf people towards deafness. The results showed that the deaf had more negative attitudes towards deafness than the hearing. In addition, the deaf believed that hearing people have more negative attitudes to deafness than hearing people actually have. This lack of empathy between the two groups was discussed. The amount of contact with the deaf was found to be associated with more realistic and less stereotyped attitudes to the deaf. The results are discussed in the context of research on social interaction with disabled people.

Attitude↗
PubMed1984

An information-processing analysis of children's accuracy in predicting the appearance of rotated stimuli.

Children's ability to discriminate reflections and rotations of visual stimuli was examined using a kinetic imagery task. It was hypothesized that success would be related to the number and placement of orientation markers on the stimuli, as well as whether or not reflections had to be discriminated from simple rotations. 40 4- and 5-year-old children were directed to imagine how a stimulus would look if rotated to a specified location and asked to indicate the appearance of the reoriented stimulus by selecting the correct option from a number of foils. 48 of the items required only discrimination of a reoriented stimulus. The other 48 also required discrimination of a reflection of the reoriented stimulus. Stimuli differed in the number of orientation cues on the edges of the figures. Results revealed that prediction accuracy was associated with the existence of orientation markers on the stimuli, as well as age, sex, type of discrimination, and several interactions among the variables. Findings were discussed in comparison to a priori predictions based on an analysis of how children might use orientation information when performing mental rotation tasks.

Child Development↗
PubMed1984

Orbital pseudotumor in Crohn's colitis.

A 17-year-old woman presented with orbital pain, diplopia, ptosis, and upper lid swelling due to an orbital pseudotumor involving the superior rectus-levator complex. Although she had no prior symptoms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease, diagnostic evaluation revealed Crohn's colitis. Diagnostic evaluation of patients with "idiopathic" orbital pseudotumor should include testing to rule out chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis). Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations.

Two patients with severe bronchial asthma, hypereosinophilia, and peripheral neuropathy were initially observed with neuro-ophthalmologic signs and symptoms that included amaurosis fugax, superior oblique palsy, ischemic optic neuropathy, and scattered areas of retinal infarction. Clinical investigation led to the diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis). As in other collagen vascular diseases, ocular signs or symptoms may occasionally be the most prominent manifestation of the disease. Recognition of this systemic disorder by the ophthalmologist may minimize systemic and ocular complications.

Asthma↗