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Biomedical subjects

S Langård

Publications and source records attributed to S Langård.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Cytogenetic screening of a new-born population.

Chromosomes were analysed using banding techniques in 1830 consecutively born infants. The prevalence of chromosomal aberrations was 19.67 per 1000, which is higher than figures found in previous cytogenetic surveys using conventional staining (8.34 and 5.75 per 1000 in a Danish and a combined survey, respectively). The use of banding techniques may explain the higher rate of detection of chromosomal variants in the present study. This is illustrated by the findings of 7.10 autosomal inversions per 1000 compared to 0.13 in a combined survey, and Y chromosome inversions of 3.14 compared to 0.26 per 1000. A prevalence of 2.73 balanced reciprocal translocations per 1000 was found, involving chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 13, 16 and 22, which all belong to a group of ten chromosomes with the highest number of spontaneous breaks in the study of Aymé et al. (1976). Fourteen infants were found to have chromosomal mosaicism, and three of them were defined as real mosaics. With the increasing concern about the effect of environmental toxicants, it is of interest to keep a record of aberrant cells in presumably karyotypically normal newborns for possible use in future epidemiological surveys.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1982

Biliary excretion of chromium in the rat: a role of glutathione.

The relative amount of chromium excreted in rat bile after injection of Cr-III is much less than after injection of Cr-VI, about 0.1% and from 6-8% during 5 hours respectively, for corresponding dose levels. The liver to bile ratio was 50-100 for Cr-III injection, for Cr-VI the ratio was 2-3. With doses up to 18 mumol Cr/kg, only Cr-III was found in bile even after injection of Cr-VI. Glutathione depletion of the liver with cyclohexene oxide decreased chromium excretion in bile. Such treatment also decreased the reduction of Cr-VI to Cr-III in the liver cell as only Cr-VI was found in bile. A different distribution of Cr-III in the liver dependent on whether derived from Cr-VI or taken up by the liver as such must be assumed. Taking into account the usual low penetration of biological membranes by Cr-III, a possible active transport mechanism or a specific diffusable Cr-III compound must be postulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Emphysema and occupational exposure to industrial pollutants.

In a case-referent study, the possible association between the development of emphysema and occupational exposure to industrial pollutants has been studied. Based on complete work histories from the participants, the number of years of employment in a polluted workplace was assessed for 36 patients with emphysema and 72 referents, matched for age (+/- 2 a) and smoking habits. Analyzed as matched triplets, the estimated risk ratio for the exposed (greater than or equal to 10 a in polluted workplaces) subjects developing emphysema in comparison to the nonexposed (less than 10 a in polluted workplaces) was 3.0, a value statistically significant. Estimated risk ratios according to the number of years employed in a polluted workplace did not show any significant trend towards a dose-response relationship. Only one of the emphysema patients had never smoked. In the further study of the relationship between emphysema and occupational exposure, the interaction between cigarette smoke and different occupational exposures seems to be of particular interest.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Small animal inhalation chambers and the significance of dust ingestion from the contaminated coat when exposing rats to zinc chromate.

The relative significance of dust ingestion during and after short-term inhalation exposure to a zinc chromate aerosol has been studied. Two groups of rats were exposed in the same dust cloud, one in open wire cages and the other in fiber glass tubes. The chromium excretion during the following 2 1/2 days was 8.4 times higher in faeces and 5.5 times higher in urine in the animals exposed in cages, compared with those exposed in tubes.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1978

Whole blood chromium level and chromium excretion in the rat after zinc chromate inhalation.

Studies on absorption and excretion of chromium in the rat exposed to known atmospheric concentrations of zinc chromate in an inhalation chamber and the influence of diurnal variations in physical activity have been carried out. Chromium analyses were performed on samples of blood, urine and faeces using a method for determining chromium in small samples of biological material based on flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. Zinc chromate is absorbed quickly during exposure and excreted mainly via urine. An accumulation of chromium in blood was observed, followed by a slow elimination. It is suggested that chromium from zinc chromate enters the blood in the hexavalent state.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of chromium exposure based on a simplified method for urinary chromium determination.

The urine chromium levels for unexposed and chromium exposed persons were determined by a simplified method which is well suited for routine, large-scale use. A group of welders working on chromium alloyed steel were investigated. For these welders a high degree of correlation was found between the concentration of inhaled chromium and the chromium concentration in the urine immediately after work. At an exposure level of 0.05 mg/m3, measured as chromium, a urinary chromium concentration of approximately 40 microng/l was measured after work. This urinary chromium level is suggested as a guideline indicating the need for a thorough investigation of chromium exposure.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1975

A cohort study of bronchial carcinomas in workers producing chromate pigments.

A cohort study of the incidence of bronchial cancer in male workers in a small company producing chromate pigments is presented. Altogether 133 workers had been employed by the company from the time production was started in 1948 until the end of 1972. Workers with more than three years employment were included in the study, and three cases of bronchial carcinoma were found among the 24 workers who fulfilled this requirement. Based on the data of the Cancer Registry of Norway the risk of bronchial cancer for a corresponding group of the general population was found to be 0.079, which gives a risk ratio for exposed workers of approximately 38. The average age of the cancer patients was as low as 50 years at the time of diagnosis. All workers in the company had been exposed mainly to zinc chromate dust, and the exposure levels of the workers developing bronchial cancers had probably been from 0-5 to 1-5 mg Cr/m-3 for six to nine years. Two of the three patients were smokers. It is assumed that exposure to chromate pigments, and probably to zinc chromate, may be related to the increased incidence of bronchial cancer in this group of workers. The possibility of a contributing effect of tobacco smoking in at least two of the three cases cannot be ruled out.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatal accident resulting from methyl bromide poisoning after fumigation of a neighbouring house; leakage through sewage pipes.

An intoxication after using methyl bromide (CH3Br) in fumigation is reported. The accident resulted in the death of a newborn infant within 12-13 h after exposure, as well as clinical intoxication of the infant's parents. The concentration of bromide ion in the infant's blood was 170 mg l-1 and in the parents blood it was 130 and 110 mg l-1. Autopsy showed that the cause of death was acute pneumonia due to aspiration, most likely resulting from vomiting and aspiration after inhalation of CH3Br. The clinical symptoms of the parents are reported, as well as a brief survey on the kinetics and CH3Br toxicity in animals and humans. Reconstruction of the events prior to the intoxication revealed that the sewage pipes serving the two houses had been sucked empty only 1-2 h prior to the start of fumigation, resulting in an open sewage connection between the houses and permitting CH3Br to leak from the treated house into the house of the affected family.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nordic experience: expected decline in the incidence of mesotheliomas resulting from ceased exposure?

BACKGROUND: As a result mainly of information to workers and the public on prevention of effects of asbestos exposure, the use of asbestos for insulation was reduced to a minimum in the Nordic countries during the second half of the 1970's and the early 1980's. Stringent regulations when handling asbestos were introduced, and prohibition of use began in the early 1980's. Depending on the duration of the latency period between first exposure and the period of most intense exposure, a decline might be expected in the incidence of Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) 20-45 years after interruption of exposure. OBJECTIVES: to describe the incidence of MM after cessation of asbestos exposure in Nordic countries. METHODS: Nordic countries have cancer registers with information on all new cases of all cancers, over the past 4-6 decades. Cancer incidence data in these registers could describe long-term effects of interruption of asbestos exposure. RESULTS: Current male and female incidence in Norway is about 1.5 x 10(-5)/year and 0.2 x 10(-5)/year respectively, and appears to be increasing. Based on personal observations among 32 MM cases, a number of which resulting from low total asbestos exposure with mean latency of about 45 years, examples are presented of the MM incidence in Nordic countries, illustrating when a significant decline in MM incidence may be expected. CONCLUSIONS: 25 years after interruption of asbestos exposure, the expected rapid decline in MM incidence is still lacking, which appears to agree with population-based selection phenomena, with survival of a large pool of asbestos-exposed subjects with minimal exposure.

Age Distribution↗