Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Lindblad.
A case of antinuclear antibody negative systemic lupus erythematosus, characterized by repeated vessel occlusion and spontaneous abortions, in which anticardiolipin antibodies seemed to be transiently present during early pregnancy is reported. The possible role of the antibodies inducing abortion is discussed.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Multiple biopsy specimens from various parts of the synovial membrane were sampled under direct vision during arthroscopic surveying of the inflamed knee joints of 12 patients with various arthritides. Considerable variation in the macroscopic signs of inflammatory activity was found within the single joint. However, there was a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between local macroscopic signs of inflammatory activity and microscopic signs (by immunohistochemical analysis of the corresponding tissue sample). The profound intraarticular variation in inflammatory activity was seen irrespective of clinical diagnosis. An immunohistologic pattern comprising foci of T helper cells, associated immunoglobulin-bearing cells, and HLA-DR-expressing dendritic cells was not specific for rheumatoid arthritis or any other diagnosis, but was found in the biopsy samples from sites that macroscopically demonstrated maximal inflammatory activity.
After subtotal (80% to 90%) hepatectomy of the normal rat liver, thymidine kinase activity began to increase after 24 hours and reached a maximum at 36 hours. This persisted for another 60 hours before it declined to reach the baseline by 7 to 8 days. The maximal increase was 30- to 50-fold. After two-lobe (67% to 78%) hepatectomy, the maximal increase was similar, but the onset and the maximum each occurred 12 hours earlier, and the maximum only persisted for another 24 hours. The important first peak of ornithine decarboxylase activity occurred earlier and rose higher after 67% to 78% hepatectomy. The distributions with time of histologic mitosis counts were similar to the distributions of thymidine kinase activity (reflects DNA synthesis) at each of the three levels of hepatectomy, 80% to 90%, 67% to 78% and 37% +/- 0.5%. Thus the initiation of regeneration was delayed after subtotal resection, but the regenerative response as reflected by DNA synthesis and cell multiplication was prolonged.
Intraarticular injections of rifamycin SV were repeated weekly in patients with rheumatic disease with a chronic knee joint effusion. The clinical signs of synovitis were reduced in all, but disappeared in only one. A post injection reaction with transient local pain and effusion appeared at the third or a later injection in all the patients prompting withdrawal of 3. At these later injections local drug retention was shown by parallel determinations of rifamycin SV in synovial fluid and serum. The post treatment synovial fibrosis seen at arthroscopy could possibly explain the drug retention and the post injection inflammatory reaction. Thus, local treatment with rifamycin SV alleviated but rarely abolished synovitis.
Increasing the caloric density in an ethanol containing drinking fluid from that of 3.2% ethanol alone, 0.18 kcal/ml, 2.33-fold to 0.42 kcal/ml with the addition of lactose and glycerol, did not significantly alter ethanol consumption. Increasing the caloric density of the drinking fluid to 0.56 kcal/ml significantly reduced ethanol consumption. The decrease in ethanol consumption was neither due to the taste of the added glycerol and lactose nor to the total caloric content of the solution but rather to an interaction between ethanol and caloric density. Increasing the caloric density of the solid diet and adding a feeding stimulant, sucrose, significantly decreased 3.2% ethanol consumption.
Immunohistochemical double-staining was performed on frozen sections from synovial biopsies obtained at arthroscopy from 22 patients with different kinds of synovitis. Not only in specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative chronic polyarthritis, but also in those from patients with synovitis due to psoriasis, trauma, or crystals, were seen many alpha Leu-1-positive T lymphocytes--in most cases predominantly of the alpha Leu-3a-positive T "helper" cell type--in close contact with HLA-DR-positive macrophages/dendritic cells. Presence of many HLA-DR-positive, often OKM1-negative, and irregular sublining cells characterized all forms of chronic arthritis.
An immunohistochemical double-staining technique was applied to frozen sections of biopsies from subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules. Material within the central necrosis reacted with anti-immunoglobulin and anti-HLA-DR antibodies. Cells within the palisading layer were "macrophage-like," as indicated by staining for anti-HLA-DR and OKM1, and showed a high proliferative activity as seen by OKT9 reactivity. The granulation zone contained many (alpha Leu-1+) T cells in close contact with HLA-DR-expressing non-T cells.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The GABAergic agonist, muscimol, and antagonists, picrotoxin and bicuculline, have been studied in rats with chronic portacaval shunts and in rats developing hepatic encephalopathy after massive ischemic necrosis due to hepatic artery ligation within 48 hr of a portacaval shunt. After the chronic portacaval shunt and to a lesser extent in normal rats intraventricular muscimol resulted in chewing and eating behavior, ataxia and loss of balance that lasted 2 to 3 hr. Lethargy, stupor and coma did not occur. Intraventricular saline had no effect. Bicuculline i.p. lessened the effects of the muscimol. In rats developing hepatic encephalopathy, intraventricular muscimol shortened the time to precoma and coma by approximately 40%. Bicuculline i.p. counteracted this effect of muscimol significantly. However, neither bicuculline nor picrotoxin given alone altered the times to precoma (Stage III), coma (Stage IV) or death. While hepatic encephalopathy in this experimental model is susceptible to GABAergic effects, its natural progression does not appear to be due to GABA.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antagonist adalimumab (Humira) can be efficacious after secondary loss of efficacy (i.e. loss of clinical response in patients who had initially demonstrated clinical response) to infliximab (Remicade) or etanercept (Enbrel). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 36 patients from the Stockholm TNF-alpha follow-up registry (STURE) who received adalimumab after secondary loss of efficacy to infliximab (group A, n = 27) or etanercept (group B, n = 9), and 26 patients who were started on adalimumab as the first TNF-alpha antagonist (group C). RESULTS: In group A, the baseline disease activity score 28 (DAS28) at infliximab institution was 5.5+/-0.2. During infliximab treatment, the mean best DAS28 was 3.7+/-0.2 (p<0.001), but increased to 5.2+/-0.3 when infliximab was stopped. After 3 months on adalimumab, the mean DAS28 decreased to 4.5+/-0.3 (p<0.003), and then to 4.2+/-0.2 at 6 months (p<0.001). In group B, the baseline DAS28 at etanercept institution was 6.6+/-0.5. During etanercept treatment, the mean best DAS28 was 4.6+/-0.5 (p<0.01), but increased to 5.7+/-0.4 by the time etanercept was stopped. After 3 months on adalimumab, the mean DAS28 decreased to 4.8+/-0.3 (p<0.005), and to 4.1+/-0.2 at 6 months (p<0.001). In group C, the mean baseline DAS28 was 5.6+/-0.3. After 6 months of adalimumab therapy, the DAS28 decreased to 3.5+/-0.4 (p<0.001). ACR20 responses with adalimumab in groups A, B, and C were similar (70-78%). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with secondary loss of efficacy from infliximab or etanercept, switching to adalimumab can restore a good clinical response.