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Biomedical subjects

S Lucente

Publications and source records attributed to S Lucente.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Identifying positive dissimulation by substance-abusing individuals on the Personality Assessment Inventory: a cross-validation study.

The accuracy of a classification equation (which combined scores on the Drug Problems, Alcohol Problems, and Positive Impression scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory [PAI], Morey, 1991), developed by Fals-Stewart (1996) to identify test-taking response sets among substance-abusing individuals, was evaluated. As in the Fals-Stewart (1996) study, three groups of participants completing the PAI were assessed: (a) substance-abusing patients administered the inventory under standard instructions (n = 25); (b) substance-abusing patients asked to respond defensively (n = 25) combined with a group of individuals suspected of abusing drugs, referred for an evaluation by the criminal justice system, who had reasons to conceal their drug use (n = 25); and (c) non-substance-abusing respondents administered the test under standard instructions (n = 25). Significant validity shrinkage in the classification equation was found when applied to the new sample; only 68% of participants were correctly classified into their respective groups, compared to 82% of participants correctly assigned in the Fals-Stewart (1996) investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The relationship of patients' cognitive status and therapists' ratings of psychological distress among psychoactive substance users in long-term residential treatment.

Patients in a long-term residential substance abuse treatment program (N = 168) were asked to complete the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), a brief inventory that measures psychological distress in nine symptom areas. Using the Symptom Checklist-90 Analogue (SCL-90 Analogue), which allows raters to assess patients along the same dimensions measured by the SCL-90-R, therapists also estimated the degree of psychological distress they observed in their patients. Significantly larger discrepancies were found between therapists' ratings of their patients and patients' ratings of themselves when patients were cognitively impaired (N = 57) than when patients did not display these decrements (N = 111). Furthermore, these patient-therapist assessment differences were negatively related to measures of patients' participation in treatment and length of stay in the program. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Behavioral group therapy with obsessive-compulsives: an overview.

During the last two decades, effective psychotherapeutic interventions have been developed and proven successful in treating patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Behavior therapy, using exposure to anxiety-evoking stimuli and response prevention directed toward rituals, provides lasting benefit for most patients who engage in and comply with treatment. A recent study indicated that, for certain OCD patients, these interventions could be applied successfully in a group therapy context. This article describes the general procedures used in this study to treat obsessive-compulsives with exposure and response prevention in a group context.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1994

The personality of marital distress: an empirical typology.

Couples seeking marital therapy (N = 102) completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway & McKinley, 1943). Cluster analytic procedures were performed on partners' MMPI validity and clinical scales. Five distinct types of couples were identified: Conflicted, Depressed, Dissatisfied Wives, Dysphoric, and Domestic Calm. The resulting cluster solution was successfully replicated with a separate sample of dissatisfied couples. With reference to additional measures of marital adjustment, a description of each couple type is provided, along with implications for future research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An MCMI cluster typology of obsessive-compulsives: a measure of personality characteristics and its relationship to treatment participation, compliance and outcome in behavior therapy.

The two-fold purpose of this investigation was to (a) define personality subtypes among patients diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and (b) examine the relationship between the resulting typology and treatment participation, compliance and outcome of OCD patients treated with behavior therapy, using exposure and response prevention. A hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis was performed on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) scale scores of 137 OCD patients seeking outpatient treatment; four cluster types emerged. Patients' OCD symptom severity was assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Patients with no evident personality pathology and those with dependent qualities demonstrated the best overall outcome. Patients whose personalities indicated particular difficulties with interpersonal interaction were most likely to refuse behavior therapy and, among these patients who engaged in treatment, evidenced no reduction in OCD symptoms at posttreatment and follow-up. Patients with histrionic/borderline traits showed symptom reductions at posttreatment, but did not maintain their treatment gains at follow-up. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗