The radiosensitivity of malignant melanomas part I: experimental studies.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Lukacs.
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Reported are 107 patients with 109 carcinomas of the lip. Histologically 83 per cent of the patients had well or moderately well differentiated tumors. With total tumor doses between 6,000 and 9,500 R, in some patients with more than 10,000 R, 92 per cent of patients were cleared, in 88 per cent with a good cosmetical, and in 77 per cent with a good functional result. The used radiation methods are discussed under consideration of time-, dose- and fractionation-factors of Orton and Ellis. Patients should be controlled for a longer period than five years, because recurrences or second tumors are possible even after this time.
Different techniques of teleroentgen therapy with soft X rays for total body treatment of cutaneous lymphomas are described. Therapeutic results in 26 patients with mycosis fungoides are reported.
Limited indications for radiation treatment of benign dermatoses are presented in order to emphasize modern restrictions and techniques in the use of dermatologic radiation therapy and to promote measures of protection against stray radiation. The use of softer, less penetrating X rays, least effective doses and meticulous shielding are recommended. So done, radiation therapy offers an effective therapeutic alternative for conditions that do not respond to other forms of treatment.
Radiation sensitivity of the hamster melanoma AMel 3 was studied in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, a dose-effect curve with the dose Do=155 rd and the extrapolation number 10 was obtained. In consideration of an oxygen enhancement factor of 2.5, the results of in-vivo examination with the quantitative transplantation method did not differ from in-vitro results. In living animals, about 40% of the tumor cells generally are hypoxic. These data do not verify the hypothesis of a particular radiation resistance of melanoma cells.
Recurrences were observed within 2 years in 14 out of 169 operatively treated malignant melanomas of the skin (Stage I). Since it cannot be excluded that local remanifestation may be the starting point of proliferative metastasis formation, an extensive low-dose irradiation therapy limited to one day preoperatively is suggested, to prevent the appearance of prognostically unfavorable local recurrences of operatively treated malignant melanoma.
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