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Biomedical subjects

S M Abrams

Publications and source records attributed to S M Abrams.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Controlled trial of calcitriol in hemodialysis patients.

We report on a 5-year, prospective, double-blind trial of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) versus placebo in 76 hemodialysis patients without biochemical or radiological evidence of bone disease. Calcitriol, 1 microgram daily, regularly induced hypercalcemia. Doses of 0.25 microgram daily or less proved satisfactory in most patients. During calcitriol treatment, plasma calcium concentration was significantly higher and serum parathyroid hormone concentration significantly lower than on placebo. There was no difference in the rates of development or of progression of vascular calcification in the two groups. Significantly more patients on placebo (17 vs. 6, p less than 0.05) developed a sustained elevation of plasma alkaline phosphatase concentration. Calcitriol appeared to protect against the development of histological evidence of osteitis fibrosa but not of osteomalacia, but accumulation of aluminum in bone occurred during the study. We conclude that calcitriol delays and may prevent the development of osteitis fibrosa in patients receiving regular hemodialysis and may reasonably be prescribed routinely in hemodialysis patients without biochemical or radiological abnormality, unless there is a substantial prospect of early renal transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Addition of buffers to high quality alfalfa hay-based diets for dairy cows in early lactation.

Beginning 4 wk postpartum, 14 Holstein cows were paired according to expected calving date and lactation number and assigned randomly to one of two treatments in a single reversal experiment designed to study the effects of added buffers to high quality alfalfa hay-based diets. Cows were offered daily 14.5 kg of concentrate containing 0 or 2% sodium bicarbonate and .5% magnesium oxide (as fed), plus free choice high quality alfalfa hay in a ratio of forage:grain approaching 50:50 (dry matter). No differences were in milk production, milk fat percentage, fat-corrected milk, or dry matter intake. Dry matter intake of grain was decreased with addition of buffers. Kilograms fat-corrected milk per kilogram of dry matter intake were 1.41 and 1.45 for control and buffered diets. No differences were significant for rumen pH, ammonia concentration, molar proportions of acetate and propionate, or ratio of acetate: propionate. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids were higher for cows fed the buffered diet. No differences were in blood acid-base status or in various serum metabolites. Urine pH was 8.11 and 8.20 for control and buffered diets. Fractional urinary excretion of magnesium and sodium was greater when cows consumed the buffered diet. Diet digestibilities and rate of passage were not affected by dietary buffers. Addition of sodium bicarbonate plus magnesium oxide did not improve performance of early lactation cows fed high quality alfalfa hay as the sole forage.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

The role of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade in the treatment of hypertension.

Early attempts to use alpha-adrenoceptor blockers in the treatment of hypertension were unsuccessful due to a high prevalence of side-effects. Now that the concept of two alpha-adrenoceptors, alpha 1 and alpha 2 has been investigated, specific alpha 1 postsynaptic adrenoceptor blocking drugs have become available to treat hypertension. Their efficacy, tolerance and acceptability are discussed, and indications for their usage suggested.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1983

Controlled trial of calcitriol in the prevention of bone disease in haemodialysed patients.

Seventy-six patients receiving regular haemodialysis, without biochemical or radiological evidence of renal osteodystrophy, entered a five-year double-blind placebo-controlled trial of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) in the prevention of bone disease. Significantly more patients on placebo developed bone disease as judged by a sustained elevation of plasma alkaline phosphatase or the development of sub-periosteal erosions on hand radiographs. Serum parathyroid hormone fell significantly in the patients receiving calcitriol and was significantly lower than in patients receiving placebo. It is concluded that calcitriol delays and may prevent the development of metabolic bone disease in patients receiving regular haemodialysis therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Marrow aplasia following topical application of chloramphenicol eye ointment.

Chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia is well described in the literature following oral use of the drug. Here we describe the first case we are aware of in which chloramphenicol eye ointment resulted in severe aplastic anemia and, subsequently, death. At least two cases of marrow hypoplasia following use of chloramphenicol eyedrops have been described previously in the literature. The absorption route, its possible relation to the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia, and the two types of marrow toxicity associated with chloramphenicol are reviewed. This case emphasizes the necessity for the same careful consideration for the use of topical preparations that one affords the use of parenterally and orally administered medications.

Administration, Topical↗