Biomedical subjects

S M Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to S M Anderson.

169 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

A longitudinal study of the effects of premarital communication, relationship stability, and self-esteem on sexual satisfaction in the first year of marriage.

This study examined select premarital factors from the ecosystemic perspective hypothesized to influence marital sexual satisfaction in the first year of marriage. A sample of 70 couples was administered by the Preparation of Marriage Questionnaire (PREP-M) a few months prior to marriage to measure premarital levels of empathy, self-disclosure, open communication, relationship stability, and self-esteem. At 1 year of marriage, their sexual satisfaction was assessed using the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS). Using multiple regression analyses it was found that the best premarital predictors of husband's marital sexual satisfaction were wives' self-esteem, wives' open communication, and wives' relationship stability. The best predictors for wives' marital sexual satisfaction were wives' self-esteem, wives' open communication, and husbands' empathic communication. Conclusions and implications for premarital counselling and family life education are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of speech perception skills in young and old listeners.

A companion paper (Yanz. 1984, Ear Hear. 5, 64-71) has described an approach to the quantification of speech perception using measures derived from the theory of signal detection (TSD). The present experiment uses this approach to compare speech perception in young and old listeners in terms of the traditional word recognition score (%C), the ability to assess the accuracy of one's own identifications [P(A)], and the decision criterion used in that assessment (B). Monosyllables were presented in a background of broadband noise at two signal-to-noise ratios (S/N), 0 dB and 5 dB. Subjects recorded their identification of each test item and then rated their confidence in that identification on a six-point scale. Results indicated that in this particular task, neither %C nor B differed between the two age groups, but both quantities varied with S/N. P(A) was the same for the two groups at S/N = 0 dB but differed at S/N = 5 dB. The young group showed significant improvement in P(A) from the 0-dB to the 5-dB S/N condition, while old subjects showed no change. These results suggest that young subjects are more able than older subjects to adapt to and take advantage of an improvement in the acoustic environment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine binding by carbamazepine.

The mechanism of action of carbamazepine (CBZ) (Tegretol), despite widespread use in the management of partial and tonic-clonic seizures in adults, is not completely understood. In animals, adenosine and adenosine analogues have anticonvulsant effects that may be due to interactions with central A1 adenosine receptors. CBZ (at therapeutically relevant concentrations) inhibits the binding of agonists and antagonists to brain A1 adenosine receptors, but whether as an agonist/antagonist is not clear. The adenosine agonist, N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine ([3H]CHA), binds to membranes from rat cortex and hippocampus at two nanomolar binding sites or states. To clarify the actions of carbamazepine at the A1 adenosine receptor, its inhibitory actions were compared with those of known adenosine agonists and xanthine antagonists using 0.1 nM[3H]CHA, in which almost all binding is to the higher affinity state, or 10 nM [3H]CHA, in which there is a substantial contribution of binding from both states. The ratios of the IC50 values (concentration that inhibits specific binding by 50%) at 10 nM [3H]CHA to the IC50 values at 0.1 nM [3H]CHA were 18-31 for the agonists and 4-10 for the xanthine antagonists. CBZ had a ratio of 3. The inhibitory effects of GTP on [3H]CHA binding were less in the presence of the adenosine agonist, 2-chloroadenosine than were inhibitory effects in the presence of the xanthine antagonist theophylline or CBZ in both cortex and hippocampus. These in vitro studies indicate that CBZ is an antagonist at A1 adenosine receptors in cerebral cortical and hippocampal membranes from rat brain. Agonist activity at A1 adenosine receptors would have been compatible with the sedative anticonvulsant effects of CBZ, but these data do not support a role of the anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine on A1 adenosine receptors in cerebral cortex or hippocampus.

2-Chloroadenosine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dorsal laminectomy in the treatment of cervical intervertebral disk disease in small dogs: a retrospective study of 30 cases.

Dorsal laminectomy was used to treat 30 dogs with cervical intervertebral disk disease. A variety of breeds were represented, and all animals weighted 15 kg or less. Myelography was utilized to locate each solitary disk herniation. All 30 cases progressed to complete recovery which indicates that dorsal laminectomy may be performed with success in small dogs with intervertebral disk disease.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Longitudinal myotomy of the supraspinatus muscle: a new approach to the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.

A lateral approach to the shoulder joint via a longitudinal myotomy of the supraspinatus muscle was used in the surgical treatment of four cases involving avulsion fractures of the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. This approach was developed using cadaver specimens and was compared to previously reported approaches to the supraglenoid tubercle. This approach gave excellent, visualized exposure and permitted accurate reduction and fixation for this type of fracture. Excellent results were achieved in four clinical cases.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Phallopexy for treatment of paraphimosis in the dog.

Three dogs with recurrent paraphimosis were surgically treated by creation of a phallopexy between the dorsal surface of the penis and the corresponding surface of the prepuce. Follow-up evaluation was performed 4 to 31 months postoperatively. Treatment was successful in each case, and no dog had any adverse sequelae.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Accuracy of localization of cervical intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion using survey radiography in dogs.

Sixty-four dogs with histories and clinical signs consistent with cervical intervertebral disk disease were presented for evaluation. Survey spinal radiographs were obtained, followed by myelography. In 61% of the survey radiographs, evaluators identified sites of disk extrusion or protrusion based on radiographic findings. Of those radiographs where a site was identified, ability to accurately identify the correct site of disk extrusion ranged from 53% to 67%, with an average of 58%. Therefore, the overall accuracy rate for correct identification of the site(s) of disk extrusion for all survey radiographs was 35%. Twelve cases had more than one site of disk extrusion or protrusion evident myelographically. In cases where multiple sites of extrusion were confirmed myelographically, the ability to localize at least one of the sites on the corresponding survey radiographs ranged from 63% to 80%, with an average of 70%. The major site of disk extrusion or protrusion was incorrectly identified in 16% to 31% of the survey radiographs, with an average of 26%. The use of survey radiographs alone is an inaccurate means for localization of cervical intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion.

Animals↗