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S M Channabasavanna

Publications and source records attributed to S M Channabasavanna.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

An assessment of the Standardized Assessment of Personality as a screening instrument for the International Personality Disorder Examination: a comparison of informant and patient assessment for personality disorder.

BACKGROUND: The International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) has been developed as a standardized interview for personality disorders. While it has good psychometric properties, its length makes it difficult to use in the community in population research, particularly outside psychiatric settings. The informant-based Standard Assessment of Personality (SAP), which has been in use since 1981, could serve as a valid screen to detect likely personality disordered individuals who would then receive a definitive diagnosis by IPDE. This study aimed to compare the two instruments in their capacity to detect personality disorder according to ICD-10 taxonomy and to estimate the efficiency of the use of the two together in a case-finding exercise. METHOD: Ninety psychiatric out-patients in Bangalore, India, were assessed for personality disorder using the two methods. Assessment was conducted by a pair of trained interviewers in random order and by random allocation to interviewer. RESULTS: Overall agreement between the two instruments in the detection of ICD-10 personality disorder was modest (kappa = 0.4). The level of agreement varied according to personality category, ranging from kappa 0.66 (dependent) to kappa 0.09 (dyssocial). The SAP proved to have a high negative predictive value (97%) for IPDE as the gold standard, suggesting its potential as a screen in samples where the expected prevalence of personality disorder is low. CONCLUSION: A two-stage approach to epidemiological studies of personality disorder may be practicable.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Awareness of diagnosis and psychiatric morbidity among cancer patients--a study from South India.

Awareness regarding cancer diagnosis and its relationship to psychiatric morbidity was studied in 294 newly admitted cancer patients at an oncology center in South India. Fifty-four percent of patients were aware that they had cancer and were able to discuss their diagnosis; 46% of patients reported nonawareness of diagnosis. Discriminant function analysis revealed that oral cancers and relatives' awareness of the cancer was more prevalent in the group aware of diagnosis. More patients in the "unaware" group refused treatment for psychological distress. There was no difference between the two groups in patterns and prevalence of psychiatric morbidity. The study emphasizes the complexities in assessing awareness in cancer patients and a need to study its various components and relationship to psychological distress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Psychological well-being among cancer patients receiving radiotherapy--a prospective study.

The impact of cancer on the psychological well-being of newly diagnosed cancer patients before and during the course of radiotherapy was assessed in 70 consecutive cancer patients. Most of the patients were over 40 years of age, women, illiterate and from a lower socioeconomic group. During the course of treatment there was a decrease in the well-being scores on some dimensions such as perceived family and primary group support. Improvements were seen in the dimensions of positive feelings, coping, social support other than the family and spiritual well-being. There were no changes in the dimensions of negative feelings and perceived ill-health. The results give a profile on well-being and the changes observed during radiotherapy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Cerebrospinal fluid viral antibodies in obsessive-compulsive disorder in an Indian population.

Immunoglobulin G viral antibodies for herpes simplex virus type 1, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, measles, and mumps were studied in 76 subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder and compared with a control population. There was a significantly higher titer for herpes simplex virus type 1 antibodies. Sera: cerebrospinal fluid ratios were suggestive of intrathecal synthesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Stigma, depression, and somatization in South India.

OBJECTIVE: The relationships of stigma to both depression and somatization were studied in psychiatric patients in South India to test the hypothesis that stigma is positively related to depressive symptoms and negatively related to somatoform symptoms. METHOD: Illness experience, symptom prominence, and indicators of stigma for 80 psychiatric outpatients were addressed with the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue. Stigma scores and ratings of symptom prominence were derived. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were administered to assess psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms of depression. Clinical narratives were analyzed to clarify the nature of relationships between stigma and symptom prominence. RESULTS: The mean stigma scores were 18.2 (SD = 13.0) for patients with somatoform disorders only, 36.0 (SD = 19.0) for patients with depressive disorders only, and 26.8 (SD = 16.0) for those with mixed depressive and somatoform disorders. The stigma scores were positively related to depressive symptoms, as indicated by Hamilton scale scores and prominence ratings for depressive symptoms, but stigma was inversely related to somatoform symptoms, as indicated by ratings of symptom prominence. Although both depressive and somatic symptoms were distressing, qualitative analysis clarified meanings of perceived stigma, showing that depressive symptoms, unlike somatic symptoms, were construed as socially disadvantageous. CONCLUSIONS: The tendency to perceive and report distress in psychological or somatic terms is influenced by various social and cultural factors, including the degree of stigma associated with particular symptoms. This study with the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue demonstrates how quantitative and qualitative methods can be effectively combined to examine key issues in cultural psychiatry.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

P300 amplitudes vary inversely with continuum of risk in first degree male relatives of alcoholics.

First degree relatives of alcoholics show significantly reduced P300 amplitudes. This phenomenon is though to be a vulnerability marker of alcoholism. Relatives of alcoholics with higher family loading and early onset alcoholism are at greater risk for developing alcoholism. The high risk population may comprise subtypes differentiated by family history and/or age at onset of alcoholism, with differing risks, measurable in terms of the expression of the vulnerability marker. Four groups of alcohol-naive sons/male siblings of alcoholics (n = 64) were studied. The groups were constructed on the permutation of two defining characteristics: high family loading (two or more first degree alcoholic relatives) and early onset alcohol dependence (before 25 years) in the relatives. Comparison of P300 amplitude in an auditory paradigm showed significant inter-group differences as well as progressive increase/normalization of amplitudes from the high loading-early onset group (HR1) to the low loading-late onset group (HR4), with the latter being indistinguishable from a separate group of (control) normals. There were no significant differences of P300 latency among the groups. We conclude that P300 amplitudes vary inversely with the presumed continuum of risk in those at high risk for developing alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Family pathology and anorexia in the Indian context.

Frequent associations have been found between family interaction and anorectic behaviour. Family theorists have viewed anorexia as a manifestation of a dysfunctional family system. We report three families of cases of anorexia (one male and two female) where the symptom was a reflection of family pathology and was being maintained by it. The cases emphasize the need to assess families of anorectics in detail and view them in the cultural context of eating.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Cultural dimensions of psychiatric diagnosis. A comparison of DSM-III-R and illness explanatory models in south India.

BACKGROUND: Cross-cultural research to examine the cultural validity of diagnostic categories and underlying concepts requires methods that integrate epidemiological and anthropological frameworks. METHOD: The Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) were used to study 80 psychiatric out-patients with depressive neurosis at a clinic in south India. RESULTS: Summary kappa values of 0.75 for the EMIC and 0.68 for the SCID confirmed interrater reliability. Comparison of patient explanatory models and SCID diagnoses showed that patients emphasised somatic experience while clinicians emphasised depressive diagnoses. More than half the patients (55%) received a non-specific or dual diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings raise questions about the distinctiveness of depressive, anxiety, and somatoform (DAS) disorders for this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The International Personality Disorder Examination. The World Health Organization/Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration international pilot study of personality disorders.

BACKGROUND: One of the aims of the World Health Organization/Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration joint program on psychiatric diagnosis and classification is the development and standardization of diagnostic assessment instruments for use in clinical research worldwide. The International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) is a semistructured clinical interview compatible with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and the DMS-III-R classification systems. This is the first report of the results of a field trial to investigate the feasibility of using the IPDE to assess personality disorders worldwide. METHODS: The IPDE was administered by 58 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to 716 patients enrolled in clinical facilities at 14 participating centers in 11 countries in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. To determine interrater reliability, 141 of the IPDEs (20%) were independently rated by a silent observer. To determine temporal stability, 243 patients (34%) were reexamined after an average interval of 6 months. RESULTS: The IPDE proved acceptable to clinicians and demonstrated an interrater reliability and temporal stability roughly similar to instruments used to diagnose the psychoses, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. CONCLUSION: It is possible to assess personality disorders with reasonably good reliability in different nations, languages, and cultures using a semistructured clinical interview that experienced clinicians find relevant, meaningful, and user-friendly.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Interhemispheric electroencephalographic coherence as a biological marker in alcoholism.

Electroencephalographic coherence scores in 21 teetotaler first-degree relatives of alcoholics, 27 subjects with alcohol dependence and 21 healthy subjects without a family history of alcohol abuse were compared. The relatives had significantly higher coherence scores in the frontal and parietal leads than the alcoholics and in the frontal and centroparietal leads than in the healthy subjects. This might represent a trait marker of resilience in subjects at high risk for the development of alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

CSF amine metabolites in depression.

The amine metabolites, namely homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of depressives (n = 30) and controls (n = 30). Depressed patients had significantly lower HVA levels than controls. No significant differences were noted between the two groups in 5-HIAA levels. However, the differences between the groups for the CSF HVA/5-HIAA ratio were larger than those for the CSF HVA alone (p less than 0.01 versus p less than 0.025, respectively). HVA levels correlated positively with monoamine oxidase activity and adenosine deaminase activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Erythrocyte membrane sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity in affective disorders.

Erythrocyte membrane Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity was studied in drug naive patients with bipolar (BP) mania (n = 62) and unipolar (UP) depression (n = 60) and normal controls (n = 66). Compared to controls there was a significantly decreased Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in UP depressives but no change in BP manics. However, lithium treatment caused a significant increase in Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity although there was no correlation between plasma lithium levels and enzyme activity. Plasma cortisol correlated inversely with Na+,K(+)-ATPase in UP depressives. Interestingly, the lithium responders [less than 50% Beck Rafaelson's Mania Rating Scale (BRMS) score] showed a significant increase in Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity compared to lithium nonresponders (greater than 50% BRMS score). These observations indicate that monitoring of Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity during lithium therapy is useful to predict a therapeutic response.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Is stupor by itself a catatonic symptom?

Many patients present with stupor or substupor without classical catatonic signs as described by Kahlbaum. The phenomenological literature is not clear as to whether stupor, when it presents alone, constitutes a separate syndrome or is a forme fruste of catatonia. All patients who presented with stupor, (a) partial or total mutism or (b) absent or decreased motor responses (n = 22), were compared with patients who also had classical catatonic signs such as negativism or waxy flexibility (n = 43) over a one-year period (1988), on sociodemographic and clinical variables. There were very few significant differences between the two groups (age, sex, diagnosis, duration of illness, number of ECTs required). The stupor group had a slight excess of patients with manic-depressive psychosis, depression and more frequently positive family histories of mental illness. The current study provides a tentative support to the hypothesis that stupor is a catatonic sign, and even when present alone can be considered to constitute a catatonic syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Exploration of obsessive compulsive phenomena: a preliminary investigation.

Different dimensions of obsessions and compulsions were explored in 103 obsessions and 60 compulsions recorded from 32 subjects who received a primary diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder. Intrusiveness and repetitiveness formed relatively discrete dimensions, while resistance, distress, irrationality, interference and ease of dismissal tended to be associated within themselves. An anxiety-provoking effect was an additional dimension observed among compulsions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clusters of obsessive-compulsive phenomena in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Clusters of phenomena were obtained by two clustering techniques, using the form and content of obsessions and compulsions. Significant clusters which emerged involved washing, checking, thoughts of past, and embarrassing behaviour. Depression occurred as a discrete cluster. Eighty-nine per cent of subjects could be fitted into at least one cluster; over half could be fitted into only one cluster. Washers and checkers made up more than half of the sample studied.

Cluster Analysis↗