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Biomedical subjects

S M Chuang

Publications and source records attributed to S M Chuang.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Chromosomal characteristics of Ph-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in transformation. A study of 23 Chinese patients in Taiwan.

Cytogenetic study was performed in the past 3 years on 23 Chinese patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in transformation; seven were in accelerated phase and 16 in acute blast crisis. Chromosomal abnormalities in addition to Ph were found in three (43%) of the patients at accelerated phase and 14 (88%) of the patients at blast crisis. The common nonrandom chromosomal aberrations were double Ph, trisomy 8, trisomy 19, and trisomy 21, which occurred in 47%, 41%, 35%, and 29%, respectively, of the total patients with extra chromosomal abnormalities. Isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 17 was found in only one patient. In patients with blast crisis, the type of blast cell was characterized through morphologic, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical studies. Eleven cases were classified as myeloid and five as lymphoid transformation. Trisomy 8, 19, and 21 were detected only in patients with myeloid blast crisis. This study also revealed a high incidence of trisomy 21 and a low incidence of i(17q) in Chinese patients with transformation of CML.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: report of a case.

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a rare renal tumor with a distinct pathology and a unique clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic pattern. The characteristic pathological feature is uniform mesenchymal spindle-shaped cells arranged in interlacing bundles. The prognosis of typical CMN is believed to be excellent by nephrectomy alone. We report a typical case of congenital mesoblastic nephroma which was prenatally detected, and was associated with maternal polyhydramnios.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[The cat cry (cri du chat) syndrome: report of a case with review of 10 cases at the National Taiwan University Hospital].

The cat cry (cri du chat) syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly due to partial deletion of the short arm of the No. 5 chromosome. Since the first report of Lejeune et al, in 1963, nearly 400 cases have been reported. However, the syndrome with a ring chromosome is still very rare and only 10 cases were reported up to 1988, since the first report of Rohde and Tompkins in 1965. To investigate the chromosomal changes in the patients of cat cry syndrome, a chromosomal study was carried out on 10 cases of cat cry syndrome from 5,870 cases submitted to the Laboratory of Cytogenetics, National Taiwan University Hospital from Nov. 1968 through Apr. 1988. These ten cases included 3 males and 7 females (M:F = 1:2.3) aged 2 days to 18 months with an average of 5.5 months. The most common clinical features are: cat-like cry, growth failure, microcephaly with mental retardation, round face with facial abnormalities including hypertelorism, downward slanting palpebral fissures, micrognathia and low-set ears, and simian crease. Laryngomalacia or underdevelopment of the larynx may be a factor causing the cat-like cry. On chromosome analysis, 8 out of these 10 cases showed the usual simple deletion of the short arm of the no. 5 chromosome, and the other 2 cases revealed ring chromosome including a case of pure ring chromosome([(4, XY, r (5)] and a case of mosaicism with one ring chromosome, 2 ring chromosomes and simple deletion of the short arm of the No. 5 chromosome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1989

Human sperm chromosome analysis in primary infertility: a preliminary report.

Human sperm chromosomes can be analyzed using the zona-free hamster egg system. In order to familiarize ourselves with this new technique and to investigate the chromosome aberration frequency in fertile and possibly infertile men, we performed sperm chromosome analysis in 39 successful experiments. The subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 was healthy men with proven fertility. Group 2 was husbands of couples with unexplained infertility. Semen samples were prepared freshly or preserved in TEST-yolk buffer for 12 to 72 hours. In group 1 using fresh samples, the mean penetration rate was 67.40 +/- 14.08% (mean +/- 2SD), the maturation index was 1.33 +/- 0.31. For samples treated with yolk buffer, the mean penetration rate was 91.34 +/- 7.42%, and the maturation index was 1.58 +/- 0.42. There was a statistically significant increase in penetration after yolk buffer treatment (p less than 0.001). In group 1 there were 89 haploid chromosomes, four were aneuploidy (4.5%), and three with structural aberrations (3.4%). In group 2, for fresh samples, the mean penetration rate was 71.34 +/- 27.96%, and the maturation index was 1.37 +/- 0.25. For samples treated with yolk buffer, the penetration rate was 86.33 +/- 25.18%, and maturation index 1.40 +/- 0.23. In group 2, there were 135 haploid chromosomes, 6 were aneuploidy (4.4%), and 4 with structural aberrations (3.0%). There was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in the penetration rate, maturation index and frequency of chromosome abnormalities.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1989

Heterotopic oral gastrointestinal cyst: report of a case.

Heterotopic oral gastrointestinal cyst, also called enterocystoma, is a rare choristoma composed of gastric and intestinal mucosa. Its origin is thought to be derived from misplaced embryonal rests. Clinically, it often causes swallowing and speaking difficulties. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Our reported case was a 16-month-old boy. He was noted to have a sublingual mass since birth, and was brought to our out-patient clinic due to gradual enlargement of the mass in the past month with swallowing and phonation difficulties. Surgical excision of the cyst was performed and microscopic examination revealed gastric mucosa and a variety of epithelial linings along the cyst wall. The patient had a good recovery after the operation.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1988

Chromosome studies on 30 Chinese patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in Taiwan.

Cytogenetic studies were performed on 32 consecutive Chinese patients with de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in Taiwan. Of the 30 patients with adequate specimens, 20(66%) had clonal chromosome abnormalities. Structural rearrangements were detected in 18 of them. Seven (four were children) of the 16 patients with M2 ANLL had t(8;21). All six patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL; M3 subtype) had t(15;17). Two patients with M4 type leukemia and abnormal bone marrow eosinophils had inv(16)(p13q22). Another M4 patient with a mild increase of morphologically normal eosinophils in the bone marrow had an abnormal chromosome #16, t(1;16)(q21;p13) in which 16q22 was not involved. One patient with M5 ANLL had t(9;11). Only two patients had a numerical change as the sole abnormality. None of the patients had loss or deletion of chromosome #5 or loss of chromosome #7, and only one had a deletion of 7q. This study revealed a high incidence of t(8;21), t(15;17), and a low incidence of -5/5q- or -7/7q- in Chinese patients with ANLL.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Rapid karyotyping in fetuses with abnormal sonogram.

Prenatal karyotyping of fetuses having an abnormal sonogram was undertaken in 27 pregnancies between 17 and 39 weeks, using fetal blood obtained by percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling under ultrasound guidance. Eight chromosomal abnormalities (29.7%) were detected, including 45, X (2 cases), trisomy 21(1 case), 46, XY,-13,+t(13,13) (1 case), 47, XX,+18(3 cases), 47, XXY (1 case). Nineteen fetuses had a normal karyotype (46,XX:9 cases, 46,XY:10 cases). The fetal karyotype was available within 72 h and fetal management was planned accordingly. We concluded that in fetuses with an abnormal sonogram, rapid karyotyping using fetal blood obtained under ultrasound guidance had important implications in obstetric and neonatal management and would facilitate genetic counselling.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) after surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The serum HBsAg in 4 chronic HBsAg carrier patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cleared within 4-38 months after surgical resection of their hepatic tumors. Two patients developed anti-HBs. During the follow-up period from 21 to 28 months after HBsAg clearance, none of the patients regained positive serum HBsAg. Two patients who had had tissue HBsAg present, exclusively in the tumor, showed quick HBsAg clearance after resection. The other 2 patients had a delayed HBsAg clearance. One had tissue HBsAg in both the tumor and nontumoral liver. Only 1 patient had tissue HBsAg in the liver, but not in the tumor. During the same period of observation of 323 chronic HBsAg carriers, who had a variety of histologically-verified chronic liver diseases and were followed for more than 6 months, only 1 cleared the antigen. The spontaneous HBsAg clearance in our HBsAg carriers (1/323) was significantly lower than that (4/64) of HBsAg-positive HCC patients with tumor resection, P less than 0.004. The mechanisms of HBsAg clearance in HCC patients after surgical resection of tumors are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Biologic and prognostic significance of hepatocyte hepatitis B core antigen expressions in the natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

To elucidate the biologic significance of hepatocyte hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) expression and its relation to the natural course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the patterns of HBcAg were correlated with HBV virus replication state and the disease activity in 598 needle liver biopsies performed on 569 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers aged 1-81 years. A good correlation of liver HBcAg with serum HBeAg and HBV DNA status was demonstrated. HBcAg was present in the hepatocyte nuclei (nHBcAg) or cytoplasm (cHBcAg), or in both (mixed). Pure nHBcAg was seen mainly in children and young adults; 86% of the patients had non-aggressive disease, but rare cases of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and HBeAg seroconversion were observed. In contrast, cHBcAg was predominantly associated with CAH (52%) and accompanied by a significantly higher HBeAg seroconversion rate (27%). The HBeAg-negative group, particularly the liver HBcAg-negative subgroup, had a lower frequency of CAH, but an increased incidence of non-aggressive disease as well as cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma, indicating that HBeAg seroconversion to anti-HBe does not necessarily mean a favorable prognosis. The results suggest that expression of HBcAg correlates with the liver pathology and the three phases of chronic HBV infection: (1) the early immune tolerance phase is characterized by nHBcAg, mild disease and low HBeAg seroconversion rate; (2) the virus replication/elimination phase by cHBcAg or negative HBcAg, frequent CAH, and high HBeAg seroconversion rate; and (3) the inactive virus replication phase by negative HBcAg and a bipolar disease spectrum.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Histologic assessment of resected hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization.

Ten cases of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (largest diameter, 6.5-15 cm) were surgically resected from 3 to 19 days after transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) for histologic assessment of the effectiveness. Another two patients, including one with a small HCC (3.5 X 3 X 3 cm) who died of complications, were also studied. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 64 years, 11 were men and 1 was a woman, and all positive for serum hepatitis B surface antigen. All 11 cases with large HCC were symptomatic before the HCC was clinically diagnosed. Alpha-fetoprotein levels were elevated in ten cases but immediately dropped to normal levels after TAE and resection in eight cases. An effective massive tumor coagulative necrosis of 99% already occurred 3 days after TAE. A necrosis involving more than 95% of the whole tumor mass was demonstrated in eight cases: one was a large HCC taken from an autopsy specimen, and TAE was done three times. This strongly indicates the effectiveness of TAE on the destruction of HCC. However, the presence of viable residual tumors in 11 cases also strongly argues for the necessity for surgical resection whenever it is possible. The failure of a complete necrosis was related to the extracapsular extension, liver invasion, satellite nodules, and portal vein involvement, and probably related to collateral and portal vein blood supply.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Diverse virological, histopathological and prognostic implications of seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen to anti-HBe in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

The evolutions of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA, liver histology and intrahepatic expressions of HBV antigens were longitudinally investigated in 24 serum HBeAg+/HBV-DNA+ chronic hepatitis B patients who subsequently seroconverted to anti-HBe. After HBeAg conversion, serum HBV-DNA still persisted in 10 patients, and liver HBcAg in 7 of them. Of the 24 patients, 3 subgroups with diverse prognoses were identified. Ten patients progressed from chronic active hepatitis to cirrhosis, and in 7 of them HBV-DNA and/or HBcAg persisted. Eight patients with undetectable HBV-DNA and HBcAg recovered. In the remaining 6 patients, chronic liver diseases persisted; in 3 of them, HBV-DNA and in one HBcAg. These findings indicate that continued viral replication is present in a significant number of patients after HBeAg seroconversion in Taiwan, and is responsible for disease progression. In addition to HBcAg and HBV-DNA, the severity of underlying liver histology, when HBeAg seroconversion occurred, was critical for the outcome of the disease. Another remarkable finding was that clusters of ground-glass hepatocytes, well correlated with the marginal expression of HBsAg, were demonstrated in 14 of 16 biopsies with serum anti-HBe+/HBV-DNA-, but found in only 4 of 44 biopsies with positive serum HBV-DNA, indicating a strong association of the expressions of liver histology and hepatocyte HBsAg with the status of viral replication.

Chronic Disease↗