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Biomedical subjects

S M Ehrlich

Publications and source records attributed to S M Ehrlich.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Staging of rectal carcinoma: prospective comparison of endorectal US and CT.

One hundred two consecutive patients undergoing surgical treatment for rectal cancer were examined by means of endorectal ultrasound (US) for staging before surgery. Eighty-one of these patients also underwent staging with computed tomography (CT). The diagnostic sensitivity of endorectal US in detection of tumor extension into fat was 67%; specificity, 77%; positive predictive value, 73%; and negative predictive value, 72%. The sensitivity of CT for this finding was 53%; specificity, 53%; positive predictive value, 56%; and negative predictive value, 50%. The sensitivity of endorectal US in detection of lymph node infiltration was 50%; specificity, 92%; positive predictive value, 68%; and negative predictive value, 84%. For this finding the sensitivity and negative predictive value, 76%. These findings suggest that endorectal US may be as accurate as CT, or more so, in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

A consultant's survey of the patients in a maximum security hospital.

The patients at a state maximum security forensic facility were interviewed by a psychiatrist and their files reviewed. Only 43 of the 203 patients were judged to be suitable for the facility. Nearly 60% of the pretrial defendants were judged to be capable of proceeding to trial. Of the patients, 18% were judged to be malingering or avoiding trial or prison. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Childhood cruelty to animals, firesetting, and enuresis as correlates of competence to stand trial.

The present study investigated the incidence of the childhood symptoms of cruelty to animals, firesetting , and enuresis in the case reports of 1935 offenders evaluated at a court psychiatric clinic. The presence of all or part of this triad of symptoms was more common in those found competent to stand trial than in those found incompetent. However, no association was found between the presence of the triad of symptoms in those charged with violent crimes and those charged with nonviolent crimes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The association between psychosis and violent crime: a study of offenders evaluated at a court psychiatric clinic.

Examination of 2100 psychiatric evaluations conducted by a court psychiatric clinic to determine competency or for a presentence evaluation indicated no association between a diagnosis of psychosis and commission of a crime of violence. However, offenders referred for a pretrial competency examination were more likely to have committed a crime of violence than were defendants seen for a presentence evaluation. The implications of these results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The impact of a new state commitment law on psychiatric patient careers.

Discharges and recidivism rates of 378 admissions in an urban hospital psychiatric unit were studied to investigate the impact of Pennsylvania's changed commitment law on the mentally ill patient. Variables studied for a pre-enactment and a post-enactment group included voluntary or involuntary admission, length of hospital stay, number of patients released against medical advice, rehospitalization within six months after discharge, and continuation of recommended outpatient treatment. Findings revealed that the impact of the new law was felt not by the entire patient population but by patients discharged against medical advice. There was an increase in the proportion of patients discharged AMA; they had shorter lengths of stay and higher rates of recidivism, and they appeared less often for outpatient care.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Delineation of pancreas with MR imaging: multiobserver comparison of five pulse sequences.

The authors compared five magnetic resonance (MR) imaging pulse sequences for their ability to depict the pancreas in 59 patients, each evaluated with at least two of the five sequences. Focal pancreatic carcinomas were present in eight patients. The five sequences were T1-weighted spin echo (T1-SE), fat-suppressed T1-SE (T1-FS), T1-weighted gradient echo (T1-GRE), T2-weighted SE (T2-SE), and T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2-FSE). Using repeated-measures analysis, three blinded observers independently reviewed 198 separate MR imaging series and rated them on a 5-point scale with regard to image quality and depiction of pancreatic borders and the number of sections containing pancreatic and common bile ducts. The most superior and most inferior sections containing pancreas were recorded for each sequence in each patient. The results were compared with analysis of variance, and interobserver agreement was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). For image quality, all sequences were rated good to excellent, with the T1-SE sequence having the highest rating. For clarity of pancreatic borders, however, the T1-FS sequence was rated significantly higher (P < .006) than the other sequences; the T2-SE sequence was least satisfactory. Common bile and pancreatic ducts were seen in the most sections with the T2-FSE sequence. There were no significant differences regarding identification of the most superior and inferior sections containing pancreas, and the ICC was high (.91-.97) for all sequences. For detecting focal carcinomas, no single pulse sequence was sufficient.

Common Bile Duct↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pancreatic signal intensity on T1-weighted fat saturation MR images: clinical correlation.

To determine whether signal intensity (SI) of the pancreas that was less than that of liver on T1-weighted fat-suppressed (T1FS) magnetic resonance (MR) images could be used to help predict the presence of pancreatic disease, three blinded independent observers graded pancreatic SI relative to liver and/or renal cortex in 89 patients on T1FS images. Results were correlated with patient age and diagnosis. Among the 47 patients with a clinically normal pancreas, pancreatic SI was higher than that of liver in 42 and equal to that of liver in the rest, none of whom had evidence of fatty pancreas. These five patients had a mean age of 71 years, compared with 55 years for patients whose pancreas was more intense than liver (P = .02). Of the 42 patients with a clinically abnormal pancreas, only eight had pancreatic SI higher than that of liver. The positive predictive value for normal pancreas of an SI higher than that of liver was 84% and the positive predictive value for abnormal pancreas of an SI less than or equal to that of liver was 88%, with an overall accuracy of 86%. If normal pancreatic SI is defined as higher than that of liver for patients younger than 60 years and as equal to or higher than that of liver for patients older than 60 years, the positive predictive value of normal SI becomes 76%, the positive predictive value of decreased SI becomes 100%, and the overall accuracy becomes 83%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infants of drug addicts: at risk for child abuse, neglect, and placement in foster care.

In a methadone maintenance program for pregnant, drug dependent women, an investigation was undertaken (1) to study the occurrence of violence experienced by the women as children and as adults and (2) to lean whether those who report past violence/abuse are more likely to neglect and/or abandon their children to the care of others. Subjects included 178 drug dependent women who completed a Violence Questionnaire and 70 comparable, but drug-free women. Results revealed that a history of violence or abuse is related to drug abuse and also to the placement of one's child(ren) in foster care.

Adolescent↗