Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S M Gershenzon.
Mutation outbursts of several sex-linked genes are described. The outbursts occurring in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster in various periods are shown to result mainly from transpositions of mobile genetic elements.
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Injection of solutions of highly polymerized DNA isolated from nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Galleria mellonella into adult males induced with a considerable frequency visible mutations, two of which were studied in detail. They were detected in about 30 000 flies in the progeny of treated males. Much less than Notched-wings much greater than (Ndw, chromosome 3, location 87.9, dominant) independently arose 12 times, much less than thickened-veins much greater than (thi, chromosome 2, location 71.4, recessive) independently arose 7 times. No mutations were detected in the control of the same size. It was found that both Ndw and thi mutations gave frequent transpositions and reversions in mature, immature germ cells and in somatic cells, in latter cases leading to mosaicism. These results demonstrate for the first time that mutations induced by exogenous DNA are capable of transposition and reversion.
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A review is given of recent publications devoted to the investigation of molecular mechanisms of meiosis. It is stated that double-strand breaks of chromosomal DNA, which can be successfully repaired during meiosis, are also the cause of meiotic conjugation of homologous chromosomes and of their genetic recombination (crossing-over). Arguments are presented that meiosis had historically arisen from the reparation of double-strands breaks of DNA during mitosis.
Experiments on mutation induction in Drosophila melanogaster by injections of exogenous DNAs or a synthetic polyribonucleotide solutions into the hemolymph of the male demonstrated that Drosophila spermatozoa were able to transfer passively molecules of these mutagens into fertilized eggs. This induced mutations in both paternal and maternal chromosomes in offspring.
A paper summarises the results of author's and his collaborators studies on the mutagenic action of DNA and other natural and synthetic polynucleotides. These results were published with rare exception in Russian and Ukrainian scientific journals. Analogous results obtained by other authors of several countries are also discussed. It was proved that unlike conventional physical and chemical mutagens, polynucleotides selectively induce visible and lethal mutations preferentially in certain genes, different in case of treatment with different polynucleotides. Polynucleotides often induce mutation in several non-allelic genes in a single germ cell of the host (multimutational effect). Polynucleotides do not induce gross chromosome aberration.