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Biomedical subjects

S M Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S M Gupta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Brain morphology in first-episode schizophrenic-like psychotic patients: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study.

Brain morphology was examined using magnetic resonance imaging in 30 first-episode patients with a schizophreniclike psychosis, 15 chronic schizophrenics, and 20 neurological controls. Statistical analyses of computer-generated measurements of regions of interest were controlled for gender, age, social class, and total brain volume. Lateral ventricular size was increased in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenic patients, with greater significance on the left than on the right side. Only the chronic patients, however, had reduced temporal lobe size, which also was greater on the left side. No major correlations of regional brain morphological measurements with cognitive functioning were found, although some measurements of verbal memory were correlated with parahippocampal size. This is a report of a preliminary study that suggests that some morphological brain changes may be present at the time of first treatment for a psychotic illness, whereas others may occur later in the course of illness. Future prospective studies may determine the clinical significance of these changes and whether they progress with the development of illness chronicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Development of an index of need for health resources for Indian States using factor analysis.

An index of need for health resources in the Indian States has been developed using the statistical technique of factor analysis. Data on seven selected indicators measuring various aspects of population health in 17 Indian States for the year 1981 were used to extract factors. Two factors were discovered which together explained 83% of the total variation. The first factor alone, identified as 'proximate determinants', explained 67% of the variation. The second, 'sociomedical background' accounted for 16%. Factor analysis results have been used to derive standardized indices which helped to compare quantitatively the health needs of the people of various States.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1991

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome with recurrent pulmonary embolism.

A man with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome had worsening pulmonary hypertension secondary to recurrent multiple pulmonary embolism despite anticoagulation. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy was done. However, the patient expired 10 days after surgery due to another bout of pulmonary embolism from his right arm or right chest wall.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Significance of intensity of delayed activity during technetium-99m-RBC gastrointestinal bleeding study.

In 27 patients with normal hepatic function, delayed concentration of radioactivity (during 99mTc-RBC gastrointestinal bleeding studies) was compared with liver blood-pool activity. That is, for images at 4 to 24 hr postinjection, grading was accomplished by comparison to the liver blood pool (less than, equal to, or greater than hepatic activity). There was a correlation between the accuracy of scan interpretation (for active bleeding and localization) and the intensity of activity as related to the liver. This simple grading system may be useful for interpretation of delayed images during bleeding studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Intestinal obstruction diagnosed by cholescintigraphy.

Radionuclide cholescintigraphy provides useful information about the dynamics of bile flow through the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and intestines. Besides helping to diagnose acute cholecystitis, it may provide other meaningful information to effectively alter the patient's management. Preoperative diagnosis of intestinal obstruction was made on routine cholescintigraphy and was proved subsequently at surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Skinfolds in affluent Punjabi preschool children.

The skinfold thickness at three different sites (triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) were measured using Holtain Skin Fold Caliper in 941 children of 0-5 years of age. The sample consisted of children from affluent families of Ludhiana (Punjab) in order to include only the optimally growing children. The skinfold thickness at all the three sites showed a progressive rise in mean values upto the age of 1 year and thereafter the trend was downwards till the age of 5 years in both the sexes. The values were higher in girls in all age groups. The mean triceps skinfold thickness was the highest followed by subscapular and suprailiac thickness in both sexes in almost all age groups. There was no correlation between the body weight and skinfold thickness values (mean r value = 0.09). Triceps and suprailiac skinfold thickness were significantly lower than the corresponding British values in both the sexes in all age groups. However, the subscapular values were comparable with British values in the females of all age groups and also in males above three years of age. Larger multicentric studies are recommended to frame the norms for Indian children.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1989

The spleen: diagnosis of splenic diseases using radiolabeled tracers.

The coupling of hematologic data with radionuclide studies of the spleen has provided information as to the functioning of the organ in a variety of disease states. The major radionuclide studies have been presented in terms of the type of information derivable and the various conditions that can result in fairly similar image presentations. By utilizing the imaging results in conjunction with other available data, a more coherent view emerges of the role of the spleen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Nuclear medicine studies of aging--III. Radial bone mineral content by single and dual photon absorptiometry.

Measurement of bone mineral content of the radius has been possible by single photon absorptiometry. Recently, dual photon devices have become widely used for measuring the quantity of lumbar vertebral bone mineral. Therefore, we studied the utility of a dual beam machine for quantifying the bone mineral content of the radius, and compared results with those obtained by single photon absorptiometry in the same patient on the same day. There was an excellent correlation between single and dual beam measurements of the radius. The present study indicates that a dual photon machine can be used for assessing not only vertebral, but radial bone mineral content as well. This may facilitate studies of the two sites by use of one machine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Nuclear medicine studies of aging--VI. Dual photon absorptiometry and bone scans in "at risk" women with back pain.

We studied 20 women who were at risk for osteoporosis (postmenopausal, or on dialysis, or on steroids), who presented with severe back pain. Patients underwent a dual photon (153Gd) densitometry study of the L2-L4 vertebrae, as well as an emission bone scan (99mTc-MDP). The dual photon method revealed abnormal results (20% or more below the mean expected value) in 13/20 patients (65%), and below the "fracture threshold" in 15/20 (75%). The emission bone scan delineated abnormal foci of uptake in 15/19 (79%). We conclude that women at risk for osteoporosis, who present with severe back pain, are likely to have a positive bone scan due to compression fracture or other derangements related to bone demineralization.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Brain death: confirmation by radionuclide cerebral angiography.

Dynamic radionuclide cerebral angiography was performed in 14 patients with suspected brain death. In 10 of 14 patients, no intracranial arterial perfusion was demonstrable, thus confirming brain death. In four patients, faint venous activity was seen in the sagittal sinus only. All these patients also eventually died. Radionuclide cerebral angiography provides a simple and noninvasive means to confirm brain death in critically ill patients maintained on life support systems particularly when an electroencephalogram and four vessel contrast angiography may be either impractical or equivocal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of right ventricular ejection fraction during intravenous 133Xe pulmonary ventilation study.

Intravenous 133Xe in saline was used to estimate right-ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). In three healthy volunteers, the first pass RVEF with 133Xe was followed by RVEF estimation by intravenous 99mTc-pertechnetate. There was agreement between the 133Xe and 99mTc determined values. Subjects rebreathed the liberated 133Xe gas, allowing an estimation of regional pulmonary ventilation. Intravenous 133Xe in saline may have potential use in measuring RVEF, as well as in evaluating pulmonary function in cor pulmonale.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1985

Parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia. Dual radionuclide scintigraphy and bone densitometry studies.

Dual radionuclide imaging of the neck (Tc-99m pertechnetate and TI-201 thallous chloride) was performed in 22 patients with chemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism (elevated blood calcium and parathormone [PTH] levels). Of these, 19 of 22 had localization of a TI-201 "excess" area on radiothallium-radiotechnetium subtraction images. In 13 patients who have had operative confirmation at this writing, the dual radionuclide imaging was positive in 12 (12/13 = 92.3%). One patient had two parathyroid adenomas, both of which were seen on the images; thus, overall detection was 13 out of 14 or 92.8%. The parathyroid adenomas visualized weighed from 0.06 to 3.0 g; the one not detected weighed 0.25 g. In three patients with parathyroid hyperplasia secondary to renal disease, the subtraction imaging detected eight of 12 glands (66.7%). The forearm bone mineral content and bone density were determined in eight patients with parathyroid adenomas; results were abnormally low in five of these eight. One of the three patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism had an abnormally low radial bone mass. The combination of dual radionuclide imaging and radial bone mass determination may present a useful approach in both localizing abnormal parathyroid tissue and in examining its functional consequences.

Adenoma↗