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Biomedical subjects

S M Islam

Publications and source records attributed to S M Islam.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology for diagnosis of mass lesions of liver.

The therapeutic and prognostic evaluation of malignant neoplasia of liver depends mostly on morphologic diagnosis. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of liver has been proved to be a rapid, reliable and cost-effective method for cytological diagnosis of hepatic mass lesions. This study was undertaken to find out the frequency of different benign and malignant space occupying lesions (SOL) of liver from patients attending for FNAC in Mymensingh. Ultrasound guided FNAC was performed on 108 patients with hepatic mass lesions from September 2, 2001 to August 19, 2003. There were 67 (62.0%) males and 41 (37.96%) females with a mean age 53 year (SD +/- 14) ranging from 2 to 83 years. Samples were adequate in 101 (93.5%) and inadequate in 7 (6.5%). Out of 101 adequate samples only one was benign (liver abscess) and 100 were malignant. Of the malignant lesions hepatoblastoma was in 1 (1%), hepatocellular carcinomas in 8 (8%), metastatic adenocarcinomas in 73 (73%) and unclassified malignancies were in 18 (18%). Most of the hepatocellular carcinomas occurred in males (7 in 8). The frequency of metastatic adenocarcinoma was more in males (39 vs. 34) but the difference is not significant (p > 0.05). Ultrasound guided FNAC of liver is a rapid, reliable and cost-effective diagnostic method. It can be practice in any centres where ultrasound facility and specialist pathologists are available.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Placenta previa and it's relation with maternal age, gravidity and cesarean section.

The placenta provides the essential connection between the mother and the developing fetus. Placental position were routinely mentioned in an ultrasound report starting from early second trimester to the end of third trimester when asked for pregnancy evaluation. The aim of this study was to see the prevalence of lower segment placenta (placenta previa) and its relations with previous cesarean section delivery, parity and maternal age. The study conducted in Centre for Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound (CNMU) Mymensingh in a period from January 2001 to December 2002. About 2536 pregnant women (those included in this study) underwent ultrasound examination during pregnancy at third trimester. The prevalence of lower segment placenta was 1.34%. The highest prevalence of placenta previa (2.58%) was seen in 3rd and higher gravida group. Also the highest prevalence were seen 30 yr. and above age group in compare to below 30 yr. age group. No increased prevalence of placenta previa were seen in previous cesarean section (C / S) delivery group (0.65%) in compare to normal delivery group (1.97%). From our study it was seen that development of lower segment placenta has relation with increased number of gravidity and maternal age but no increased prevalence were seen in subjects with previously done cesarean section

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Incidence of bony secondary at presentation of breast carcinoma in our region.

Study is conducted to evaluate the incidence of bony secondary and to evaluate the need for routine bone scintigraphy at the time of presentation of breast carcinoma in this region. Of the total 130 patients evaluated by bone scan, sixty (n = 60, 46.15%) had secondary lesion in bone. Among the 54 preoperative patients, all with positive FNAC, twenty (n = 20, 37.03%) had bony metastases. Of the 76 post-operative patients, forty (n = 40, 52.63%) had secondary bone lesions. Single lesion was seen in only five (n = 5, 8.53%) cases. Rest fifty five (n = 55, 91.67%) had multiple bony secondaries. Most of the postoperative cases (n = 40, 52.63%) were invasive/infiltrative duct cell carcinoma. The very high incidence of bony secondary appears to be due to delayed presentation associated with poor socioeconomic condition, ignorance and also shyness. Bony metastases at the time of presentation suggests poor prognosis. As it can affect therapeutic management of these patients, routine bone scintigraphy at the time of presentation of breast carcinoma patients to a tertiary label hospital is proposed, against conflicting conclusion by papers in the developed countries.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Abdominal wall defect: a case report and review.

Ultrasound is well recognized imaging modality for prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital anomalies. However, precise diagnosis of fetal anomaly with gray scale ultrasound may not be possible at times. Color Doppler ultrasound compliments gray scale ultrasound in accurately diagnosing fetal anomaly. We report a case of an omphalocele with short lower limbs, diagnosed during 3rd trimester on the basis of color Doppler ultrasound. Gray scale ultrasound failed to diagnose the condition initially. Color Doppler sonography helped in accurate diagnosis. Findings were confirmed after termination of pregnancy.

Abdominal Wall↗
PubMed2003

Gall stone in pregnancy.

UNLABELLED: Gallbladder disease is four times as common in women as in men, and pregnancy appears to contribute to the development of gallstones. During pregnancy, most women receive ultrasound scans, which are highly sensitive in detecting gallstones. The study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of gallstones among the pregnant woman. The aim was to determine any significant difference in the prevalence of gallstone among the pregnant woman compared to the generalized prevalence of gallstone in our community. METHODS: The maternal gallbladder was examined in 1336 consecutive obstetric ultrasound scans performed for medical indications at 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The study was conducted in Centre for Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasond (CNMU) Mymensingh on randomly selected subjects, among those who came here for ultrasound evaluation of pregnancy. 500 control were taken from age group between 20-30 yrs who came here for ultrasound examination of lower abdomen other than pregnancy. RESULTS: Gallstone were found in total one hundred eight cases. Prevalence of gallstone in pregnant woman was 8.08% (n=108). The age ranges were 20 to 45 yrs with mean age of 28.21 +/- 4.95 (mean +/- SD) yrs. The highest prevalence (12.71%) were seen in 3rd or higher gravida group with mean age of 30.32 +/- 4.74 yrs. Significantly higher cases of gallstone were found in multiparity compared to control population of same age group. CONCLUSIONS. Repeated pregnancy causes increased gallstone formation due to changes in gallbladder kinetics leading to stasis and stone formation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Hydrops fetalis: report of 3 cases.

Ultrasound is a well recognized imaging modality for prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital anomalies. Reported cases are hydrops fetalis diagnosed during ultrasonic evaluation of fetal condition in the Center for Nuclear Medicine and ultrasound (CNMU), Mymensingh. Only fetal ascites was detected in one case of 26 +/- 2 wks of gestation, fetal ascites with hydramnios and thick placenta was seen in another case of 28 +/- 2 wks of gestation. In third case, there was fetal ascites, scalp edema, hydrothorax and myelomeningocele with oligohydramnios at 20 +/- 2 wks of gestation; sonographic diagnosis was hydrops fetalis with myelomeningocele. Follow up was advised in first two cases and third case was terminated electively. To decrease the mortality rate and to improve the outcome of hydrops fetalis cases appropriate prenatal investigations and therapy is needed. Recent advances in prenatal ultrasound have made possible the early detection of hydrops fetalis which is helpful for proper management in time.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Coil embolisation for ruptured vertebral artery dissection distal to the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.

Although many surgical or endovascular treatments for ruptured vertebral artery dissection have been reported, the best treatment is controversial. We treated five cases of ruptured vertebral artery dissection distal to the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), using retrievable platinum coils packed in the dissection site and the immediately proximal vertebral artery. All patients had a contralateral vertebral artery of the same calibre or larger. All dissections were occluded completely, together with the portion of the vertebral artery distal to the PICA origin. No complications related to the procedure were seen. The purpose of the treatment is to isolate the dissection from the cerebral circulation. Occlusion of the rupture site, preserving perforating arteries arising from the vertebral artery, would be ideal. Short-segment occlusion by retrievable platinum coils is close to the ideal.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Anterior uveitis following combined vaccination for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR): a report of two cases.

PURPOSE: To describe two children who developed anterior uveitis after vaccination for common childhood diseases. METHODS: A retrospective study of two Saudi patients who were seen at The Eye Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: Aged 12 and 14, respectively, the two patients developed anterior non-granulomatous uveitis 6 and 4 weeks after having the combined vaccination for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR). No other definite cause of uveitis was detected from history or from laboratory work up. Both patients responded to traditional regimens of uveitis therapy. However, they required a treatment period of several months. CONCLUSION: Anterior uveitis may occur following MMR vaccination. Cases of vaccination thus require ophthalmic awareness if visual symptoms or a painful red eye develop.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

HLA-B27 subtypes and HLA class II alleles in Japanese patients with anterior uveitis.

PURPOSE: Some patients with anterior uveitis (AU) have ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and are HLA-B27 class I-positive. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in HLA at the allele level among each group of patients with AU. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with AU were studied. They were classified into three groups: 31 with AS-associated AU, 14 with HLA-B27-associated AU, and 28 with idiopathic AU. Three control groups without AU were used: 138 random subjects, 33 HLA-B27-positive healthy subjects, and 19 HLA-B27-positive patients with AS. DRB1 and DQB1 genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. HLA-B27 subtype was determined by PCR-SSCP. RESULTS: There was no difference in the frequency of any class I antigen except HLA-B27 among the patients studied. The frequencies of HLA-DR12 in AS-associated AU and HLA-DR1 in HLA-B27-associated AU showed an increase. In HLA-B27-associated AU, DRB1*0101 and DQB1*0501 were increased compared with HLA-B27-positive control subjects. When HLA-B27 subtype distribution was compared among the groups, the proportion of B*2704 was significantly lower in HLA-B27-associated AU (P = 0.037), however, such a difference was not present in AS-associated groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that B*2704 seemed to be less susceptible to AU compared with B*2705 in Japanese subjects. The increase of HLA-DR12 and HLA-DR1 in AU may be caused by linkage disequilibrium with B*2704 and B*2705, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Influences of selected socioeconomic and demographic variables on fertility in Bangladesh.

"The data used in this study are from the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey (1989 BFS), which was conducted...by the National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT)....A two-stage probability sample design was used for the survey.... It has been found that female age at marriage has a significant direct negative influence on fertility. Thus, raising the age at marriage by implementing a minimum-age marriage law is likely to lower fertility on a national scale. Duration of breast-feeding is also found to have a significant direct negative effect on fertility....Fetal loss appears to have a significant direct positive effect on fertility...which means that mothers who have experienced fetal loss are found to have higher fertility.... Maternal mortality is also high in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is essential to provide primary health care, particularly maternal and child health care, for surviving children."

Asia↗
PubMed1994

Influence of HLA-DRB1 gene variation on the clinical course of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

PURPOSE: To investigate the difference, if any, in the immunogenetic backgrounds between two clinical subtypes of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH). METHODS: HLA-DR4 gene variations were investigated in 46 Japanese patients, 28 with the prolonged type and 18 with the nonprolonged type of VKH. HLA-DR4 genes were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then analyzed for its variation with single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the DR4 gene variation in the two clinical subtypes. All the patients with the prolonged type had either the DRB1*0405 or DRB1*0410 variant, whereas 39% of the patients with the nonprolonged type had neither of them. This difference in frequency was statistically highly significant (P = 0.00059, Pc = 0.0041). DRB1*0405 was also more frequent in the prolonged type (93%) than in the nonprolonged type (56%) (P = 0.0044, Pc " 0.030). In the prolonged type, relative risk was highest for DRB1*0405/0410 (128), whereas in the nonprolonged type it was highest for DR4 (8.6). CONCLUSION: This preliminary study showed that DR4 gene variants differed significantly between the two subtypes of VKH, suggesting that the clinical course of VKH is determined partly by the patient's HLA-DR gene variation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

HLA class II genes in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

PURPOSE: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) is an autoimmune disorder causing a bilateral diffuse granulomatous uveitis, often with several associated extraocular manifestations. Strong association of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) antigens with the disease has been documented. The details of all HLA class II genotypes were investigated in Japanese patients with VKH to demonstrate the immunogenetic background of the disease. METHODS: Human leukocyte antigen tissue typing was performed in 57 Japanese patients with VKH by the modified two-stage complement-dependent microcytotoxicity method. DNA analyses were done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-strand conformation polymorphism and PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism methods. RESULTS: The frequencies of HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQ4 were 93% and 83% among the patients with VKH, compared with 43% and 32% among the controls, respectively (relative risks, 17.4 and 9.9; Pc < 1.0 x 10(-10)). At the genomic level, all patients had the HLA-DQA1*0301 genotype, which was present in only 67% of the normal controls (relative risk, 56.5; Pc < 1.0 x 10(-5)). With allelic combinations, -DQA1*0301/-DR4 showed the greatest relative risk ratio. Conversely, DQB1*0604 genotype was not detected among the patients. CONCLUSION: It can be postulated that VKH is a disease of combined allelic predisposition in which DQA1*0301 acts as the primary and HLA-DR4 acts as an additive factor in the development of the disease. Based on the negative association of DQB1*0604, we propose that DQB1*0604 provides considerable protection, possibly by altering other factors in the pathogenesis of VKH in the Japanese.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Relation between the clinical course of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 subtypes].

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease (VKH) is an autoimmune disorder affecting melanocyte-containing tissues. VKH is strongly related to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4, a heterogeneous HLA specificity consisting of at least 12 different genotypes. The disease has two types: prolonged and non-prolonged, depending upon the clinical course. Fifty-four Japanese patients comprising 27 with the prolonged type, 15 with the non-prolonged type, and 12 new cases of VKH were included in this study. Ninety-three percent of the patients with all types had HLA-DR4. All 27 patients with the prolonged type had either the DRB1*0405 or *0410 genotype, and the non-prolonged type included two DR4-negative and four DRB1*0405 and *0410 negative patients. Our results indicate that the clinical course of VKH is determined partly by the patient's HLA genotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of child survival in Bangladesh.

Differentials in child survival in Bangladesh have been examined using a number of socioeconomic and environmental factors on data from the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey. Multivariate analysis reveals that both wife's and husband's education and household electricity show a significant positive association with child survival. The respondent's working status exerts a significant negative influence. Wife's education has a greater influence on child survival in Bangladesh than that of husband's education.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Unique associations between HLA-B and HLA-DRB1*04 gene variants in Japanese.

HLA-DRB1*04 gene variants were determined in apparently healthy Japanese with PCR-SSCP and PCR-RFLP, and HLA-B-DRB1*04 haplotype frequencies were estimated statistically. DRB1*0405, which consisted of 60% of the Japanese DRB1*04 gene pool, was associated strongly with HLA-B54. This association was observed only for DRB1*0405, and not for any other DR4 variants. DRB1*0403 and DRB1*0406, which share the same peptide sequence except for amino acid 37, were both associated with B35 and B62. DRB1*0407 was associated exclusively with B35. DRB1*0410 was associated with B60 and B61. B60 and B61, on the other hand, were associated only with DRB1*0410 and DRB1*0405. B35 was associated with all DR4 microvariants. With this possible exception, our calculation suggests that unique B-DR associations were present even for DR4 microvariants. The knowledge of HLA-B and DRB1*04 associations would be useful in clinical settings.

Asian People↗
PubMed1993

Factors affecting fertility in a rural area of Bangladesh.

"The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of selected socioeconomic and demographic factors on fertility in a rural area of Bangladesh. It has been revealed that age at first marriage and coital frequency have direct significant effects while ever use of contraception and duration of breast-feeding have direct positive significant effects on total parity. Total effects of wife's education and age at first marriage on fertility are found to be negative while those of religion and household income on fertility are found to be positive."

Asia↗