PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S M Jacques

Publications and source records attributed to S M Jacques.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Expression and function of autocrine motility factor receptor in human choriocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether human choriocarcinoma cells express autocrine motility factor receptor (AMF-R) and to study its function in this tumor system. STUDY DESIGN: The expression and localization of AMF-R were compared in choriocarcinoma and normal placental trophoblasts using both cell lines and tissue sections. In addition, migratory properties of choriocarcinoma cells and normal placental cells was determined. RESULTS: Using immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining, we have detected the expression of AMF-R in choriocarcinoma cells with receptor clustering on the cell surface, while term placenta cells expressed AMF-R less intensely with no receptor clustering. In choriocarcinoma tissues, AMF-R was strongly expressed in malignant cytotrophoblasts cells while adjacent normal villous trophoblast cells and necrotic regions were weakly or negatively stained. Choriocarcinoma cells responded to AMF-R stimulation with increased cell motility, while term placental cells were unresponsive. CONCLUSION: Human choriocarcinoma cells express functional cell surface AMF-R in vitro and in choriocarcinoma tissue suggesting that this receptor may play an important role in cancer cell motility.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis of congenital syphilis from placental examination: comparison of histopathology, Steiner stain, and polymerase chain reaction for Treponema pallidum DNA.

Congenital syphilis is often a presumptive diagnosis (based on serologies), because confirmation requires identification of Treponema pallidum in fetal/neonatal tissues or in the placenta. Placental histological features associated with congenital syphilis include the triad of enlarged hypercellular villi, proliferative fetal vascular changes, and acute or chronic villitis. The authors blindly evaluated 49 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded placentas (38 with positive maternal syphilis serologies; 11 with negative serologies) and compared results of histology, Steiner stain, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for T pallidum DNA. Histology was categorized as positive (triad present), suspicious (two thirds of triad present), or negative. Treponemal DNA was detected by amplifying a 189 base pair region of the 47 kd treponemal membrane antigen with 44 cycles of PCR; products were detected by Southern blot. Placentas from the 11 seronegative mothers were all negative by histology, Steiner stain, and PCR. Among the 38 placentas from serologically positive mothers, 4 had positive histology (2 of 4 positive Steiner, 4 of 4 positive PCR); 6 had suggestive histology (0 of 6 positive Steiner; 1 of 6 positive PCR); and, 28 had negative histology (0 of 28 positive Steiner; 1 of 28 positive PCR). PCR identification of treponemal DNA was significantly associated with the triad (P = .0003), proliferative fetal vascular changes (P = .0003), acute villitis (P = .003), chronic villitis (P = .004), and spirochetes on Steiner stain (P = .01). These results (1) confirm a strong association between placental histopathologic features and congenital syphilis; (2) indicate that when such features are present, PCR of placental tissue may confirm the diagnosis of congenital syphilis; and (3) suggest that even when such features are absent, PCR of placental tissue may identify additional cases of histologically unsuspected congenital syphilis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Maternal varicella during pregnancy: correlation of maternal history and fetal outcome with placental histopathology.

The authors examined the records from 73 women diagnosed with varicella during pregnancy to correlate placental findings with maternal history and fetal outcome. Fifty-eight of the mothers delivered at the authors' institution, and 19 placentas were available for review. The onset of symptoms of varicella occurred from 27 weeks before delivery to 1 day postpartum. Only on e of the newborns delivered at the authors' institution was diagnosed with probable varicella at birth; the remainder had no unequivocal evidence of infection; however, serological studies were not performed on most of the newborns. The placenta from the newborn with probable varicella showed extensive basal chronic villitis with a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and occasional multinucleated giant cells. Two other placentas showed rare foci of chronic villitis, and the remainder showed no villitis or other viral-associated changes. Twenty-four (33%) of the 73 women developed varicella pneumonia, and one woman died. Although varicella during pregnancy is associated with high maternal morbidity, fetal disease is uncommon. Most placentas show no virus-associated lesions; however, chronic villitis with multinucleated giant cells in association with a recent history of maternal varicella may be predictive of neonatal infection.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1996

Unusual endometrial stromal cell changes mimicking metastatic carcinoma.

We report an unusual histopathologic finding in the endometrium from six premenopausal or perimenopausal patients who underwent biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding. In each case the endometrial stromal cells focally exhibited a pronounced epithelioid appearance; some showed a cord-like trabecular pattern and others a signet-ring-like cell change. All raised the possibility of a metastatic malignancy, particularly from the breast. The epithelioid appearance of the stromal cells appears to be an unusual artifact occurring in a background of secretory change and predecidualization with nonmenstrual breakdown.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Placenta accreta: mild cases diagnosed by placental examination.

We describe 36 placentas in which microscopic foci of myometrial tissue were adherent to the basal plate with deficient intervening decidua, consistent with a mild or focal form of placenta accreta. In only four cases was a diagnosis of placenta accreta considered clinically, and none of the cases resulted in hysterectomy. Twenty-one of the mothers underwent cesarean section for the current pregnancy, with 10 of the mothers having a history of previous cesarean section. The placenta failed to separate spontaneously in eight of the 15 vaginal deliveries necessitating manual removal of the placenta. Additional maternal factors included multiparity in 33, placenta previa in two, leiomyomas in two, and previous spontaneous abortion or voluntary interruption of pregnancy in 23. Four cases were complicated by retained placental fragments and three by postpartum hemorrhage. We conclude that these milder cases of placenta accreta are frequently associated with previous uterine operations and multiparity, and although not uncommon, are frequently not clinically suspected. Placental examination is useful in making the diagnosis of placenta accreta in cases not requiring hysterectomy, particularly if the basal plate is well sampled.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Human trophoblast cell adhesion to extracellular matrix protein, entactin.

PROBLEM: Trophoblast interaction with endometrial extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial during human embryo implantation and placentation. Entactin, a ubiquitous basement membrane glycoprotein, plays a central role in ECM assembly, cell attachment, and chemotaxis. The present study was conducted to examine the possible role of entactin in promoting human trophoblast adhesion. METHODS: Using an extended life span first trimester trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo (HTR) and a cell adhesion assay, we measured the adherence of human first trimester trophoblasts to recombinant entactin and its domains. Also, we used flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence to detect the presence of integrins that may be involved in human trophoblast-entactin interaction; these methods were used to analyze HTR cells, as well as tissue sections and freshly isolated human trophoblasts from first trimester and term placenta. RESULTS: We found that first trimester trophoblast cells were highly adherent to entactin and its E and G2 domains but not to G1 or G3 domains. Using indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, we found that both beta 1 and beta 3 integrin subunits were expressed on the surface of HTR trophoblast cells adhering to entactin; in contrast, beta 2 and beta 4 integrin subunits were not detected. In addition, we found that alpha v beta 3 was expressed on freshly isolated villous cytotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblasts in tissue sections from term placenta. The beta 3 integrin subunit was expressed in cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts in villi of first trimester placental tissue sections. CONCLUSION: Recombinant entactin promotes human trophoblast cell adhesion through both its E and G2 domains and these specific adhesive interactions may be mediated by beta 1 and/or beta 3 class integrins.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1995

Histopathology of fetal diastrophic dysplasia.

We report on three cases of diastrophic dysplasia in second trimester fetuses and discuss the differential diagnosis and clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings. Manifestations of typical diastrophic dysplasia in infants and older patients include abnormal pinnae, scoliosis, and joint contractures; these were absent in the fetuses, in keeping with the tendency for the clinical and radiologic aspects of this disease to become more severe with age. The histopathologic characteristics of the cartilage appear to be similar in the fetus and older patient, and therefore may be useful in differentiating diastrophic dysplasia from other osteochondrodysplasias in the second trimester.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1995

Surface epithelial changes in endometrial adenocarcinoma: diagnostic pitfalls in curettage specimens.

A total of 161 uteri removed for endometrial cancer were studied in order to characterize the histopathologic features of the endometrial surface epithelium. Of these, 116 had endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, and 45 had other endometrial cancers. A total of 57 (49%) of the endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas showed the following surface epithelial changes: seven had a conspicuous microglandular pattern simulating cervical microglandular hyperplasia; 17 had syncytial aggregates of relatively bland-appearing eosinophilic cells, frequently with papillary or squamoid differentiation simulating papillary syncytial change or other endometrial epithelial metaplasias; and 33 had mixed patterns. The surface epithelial changes varied in extent from rare foci to extensive surface replacement and were largely confined to FIGO grade I and II tumors. Cytologic atypicality varied from mild to moderate and was consistently less than that of the underlying carcinoma. Similar changes were present in some of the prior curettings; in some scanty curettings an unequivocal diagnosis of carcinoma was not possible. Consequently, further clinical investigation is indicated if these changes are present in scanty curettings from postmenopausal women.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Acrania.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1994

Microscopic neuroblastoma in a fetus with a de novo unbalanced translocation 3;10.

We report on a fetus with a de novo unbalanced translocation 3;10 and a microscopic neuroblastoma. The fetus had the karyotypic and phenotypic manifestations of partial dup (3q). The finding of a constitutional chromosomal abnormality and a microscopic neuroblastoma, although possibly coincidental, supports Knudson's two hit hypothesis for development of neuroblastomas and other embryonal tumors. In this case the first mutation is represented by the constitutional abnormality, possibly resulting in the microscopic neuroblastoma. A second mutation affecting the abnormal cells, which may be more prone to mutagenesis, may trigger a neuroblastoma.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1994

Constriction of the umbilical cord leading to fetal death. A report of three cases.

Constriction of the umbilical cord is characterized by localized absence of Wharton's jelly, leading to narrowing of the cord, thickening of the vascular walls and narrowing of the vascular lumens. This may result in a compromised fetal blood supply, leading to fetal anoxia and eventual fetal death. Approximately 50 cases have been reported in the world literature over the last three centuries. Three cases of umbilical cord constriction leading to intrauterine fetal demise are reported. Two of the patients presented during the late second trimester with loss of sensation of fetal movements. Intrauterine fetal demise was diagnosed, and autopsy revealed constricted umbilical cords associated with torsion. The third patient is unique in that fetal death was precipitated by a routine, technically uncomplicated, transplacental amniocentesis procedure performed in the early second trimester. At the time of termination of the pregnancy we found marked stenosis with torsion over a 1-cm segment of the umbilical cord juxtaposed against the fetal insertion site. Umbilical cord constriction is a rare, almost invariably fatal condition, usually undiagnosed antenatally. In case 3, disruption of the placenta by amniocentesis may have initiated a terminal event in a fetus already compromised by a cord constriction. Three possible mechanisms could have contributed to the fetal death after amniocentesis in the presence of cord constriction: acute vasospasm, acute oligohydramnios and uterine contraction, or an obliterating thrombus.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Marked segmental thinning of the umbilical cord vessels.

Marked segmental thinning of the umbilical cord vessels is an infrequent finding of undetermined origin and significance. We identified this lesion in 17 (1.5%) of 1100 consecutively examined placentas and reviewed the clinical records of both mothers and infants to determine its clinicopathologic significance. In each case, the tunica media vasorum (later referred to as media) was virtually absent in at least one cord level in an area usually less than 30% of the vessel circumference. The vein was affected in 13 (76%) cases, and one or both arteries were affected in four (24%) cases. The lesion faced the cord surface in nine (53%) cases. Similar changes were seen in the stem vessels of all the placentas. Five (30%) of the 17 mothers had infants with severe congenital anomalies, including anencephaly (n = 2), genitourinary tract abnormalities (n = 2), and conjoint twins (n = 1). Complications in other pregnancies included meconium-stained amniotic fluid (n = 4), variable decelerations or bradycardia during labor (n = 4), twinning (n = 3), and nuchal cord (n = 3). While the origin of this lesion is not known, it most likely represents a form of dysplasia of the media. Marked segmental thinning may be associated with increased congenital anomalies and perinatal problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Skeletal histopathology in fetuses with chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld syndrome).

Chondroectodermal dysplasia (CED) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder and one of the short rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS). It is characterized by acromelic and mesomelic shortness of limbs, postaxial polydactyly, small chest, ectodermal dysplasia, and in many cases, congenital heart defects. Controversy exists over possible changes in the growth plate. With the advent of ultrasonographic examination, increasing numbers of fetuses with osteochondrodysplasias are examined by pathologists. Since histopathologic examination of the skeletal system is useful in defining various osteochondrodysplasias and it has not been described in the fetus with CED, we herein describe 3 cases of fetal CED with emphasis on skeletal histopathology. All 3 pregnancies were terminated at 22-23 weeks because of ultrasonographic demonstration of short limbs and growth retardation. Radiologically, each fetus had acromelic and mesomelic shortness of long bones with smooth round metaphyses, vertically short iliac bones, short ribs and normal vertebrae. These findings are similar to those described in the larger newborn infant with CED. Histopathologically, the cartilage of the long bones showed chondrocytic disorganization in the physeal growth zone. The findings are dissimilar to those of larger infants and older children in whom chondrocytic columnization has been seen in the central physis and disorganization in peripheral physis. Furthermore, a variable degree of chondrocytic disorganization was also seen in the central physeal growth zone of vertebrae in these fetuses. Other findings noted at fetopsy were: polydactyly in all 3 cases, congenital heart defect in 2 and an abnormal frenulum in one case. The foregoing phenotypic and radiographic manifestations and skeletal histopathology help separate CED from other SRPS.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1993

Uterine mixed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and fetal rhabdomyoma.

A polypoid uterine tumor, occurring in a 31-year-old woman, with histopathologic features of both embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and fetal rhabdomyoma is reported. The clinical and pathologic differences between pure fetal rhabdomyoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma are detailed and theories concerning the histogenesis of such a mixed, or intermediate, tumor are discussed. Most likely, this neoplasm represents one example in a spectrum of tumors with varying proportions of immature and mature skeletal muscle elements. Its good prognosis is in keeping with that of uterine (cervical) embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas in general, although the presence of mature skeletal muscle elements may signify an even better prognostic group of tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Placental histopathology in syphilis.

Placental evaluation is important in congenital syphilis (CS) since clinical and serologic findings necessary to fulfill the diagnostic criteria of syphilis may be absent at birth, making early accurate diagnosis difficult. We examined 25 placentas from mothers with syphilis as confirmed by positive RPR rapid plasma reagin and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption tests to determine which histopathologic features should raise the suspicion of CS. The 25 examined placentas were from 162 syphilitic mothers who delivered at our institution in 1990. Of the 27 infants delivered (including two pairs of twins), four were stillborn and three died at 1 day of age. Eleven of 23 liveborn infants fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control criteria of probable CS. Seven of the 25 placentas showed a well-defined constellation of histopathologic changes that included proliferative vascular changes, chronic villitis, relative villous immaturity, and, in six placentas, acute villitis. All seven of these placentas showed the presence of spirochetes by special stains. Six also had plasma cells in the basal decidua. Recognition of these placental changes, although nondiagnostic, should lead the pathologist to seek additional clinical history and ancillary tests. Placental histopathologic examination is an additional parameter to be considered in the diagnosis of CS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Chronic intervillositis of the placenta.

We report six cases of chronic intervillositis, an infrequently recognized placental lesion that is characterized by a prominent mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in the intervillous space and that is associated with poor fetal outcome. In all six placentas, the inflammatory infiltrate was essentially limited to the intervillous space: chronic villitis was present focally only in one and absent in the other five. Additional placental histopathologic findings included increased villous fibrinoid material in all six, infarcts in two, atherosis in decidual vessels in two, and acute chorioamnionitis in two. Results of immunohistochemical staining confirmed the predominantly histiocytic nature of the intervillous infiltrate. Two mothers had a history of severe preeclampsia, one had elevated blood pressure at the time of delivery, two had a history of substance abuse, two had a history of systemic lupus erythematosus treated with prednisone, and one of these last two also had diabetes. Five of the six pregnancies resulted in perinatal death. One fetus was nonviable, one was anencephalic, one died in utero, and two died of complications of prematurity shortly after birth; one of the premature infants was small for gestational age. The mononuclear nature of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and its association with increased villous fibrinoid material and atherosis suggests an immunological origin, although the possibility that this lesion may have an infectious cause cannot be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Herpes simplex virus hepatitis in pregnancy: a clinicopathologic study of three cases.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis is rare in adults, usually occurring in immunocompromised individuals and in otherwise healthy women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Three cases of HSV hepatitis occurring in pregnant women were diagnosed at our institution between 1981 and 1990. This diagnosis was not suspected clinically, and in each case was made on the basis of histology, immunoperoxidase studies, and viral cultures of liver tissue. Clinically, the patients had severe anicteric liver failure with markedly elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels; two of the three patients died. None had mucocutaneous lesions at the time of diagnosis. Histologically, two distinct patterns of necrosis and inflammation were seen. Two of the cases had well-demarcated foci of necrosis scattered randomly throughout the lobules with neutrophilic infiltration, giving the impression of abscess formation. Hepatocytes at the periphery of these areas of necrosis had enlarged nuclei with "ground-glass" inclusions; however, no Cowdry type A inclusions were seen. Rare multinucleated cells were present. Immunoperoxidase staining using antibodies to HSV was positive primarily in the hepatocytes with inclusions. The third case had diffuse, almost total hepatic necrosis with no viral inclusions and virtually no inflammatory response. This histologic pattern is similar to that seen in neonates with HSV infection. Immunoperoxidase studies in this case were negative; however, viral cultures were positive. While HSV hepatitis may be suspected or diagnosed on the basis of histology alone, viral cultures are an important adjunct since viral inclusions may be absent. Prompt diagnosis is important since antiviral therapy is now available.

Adolescent↗