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Biomedical subjects

S M Joubert

Publications and source records attributed to S M Joubert.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in the assessment of diabetic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young.

Response to diet and drug therapy was assessed in a group of 85 Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young (NIDDY). There was a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values on therapy (pretreatment 13.3 +/- 0.5 mmol/l; post-treatment 9,7 +/- 0,4 mmol/l) (P less than 0,001). Prior to therapy the majority of patients had either moderate (40%) or severe (59%) diabetes; on therapy, the majority had either mild (21%) or moderate (62%) diabetes. Estimation of glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb A1) levels revealed that control was excellent (Hb A1 less than 10%) in 47% of patients and excellent or adequate (Hb A1 less than 12%) in 78%. Hb A1 levels correlated significantly with the FPG value (r = 0,78; P less than 0,001). In 8 patients with iron deficiency anaemia the HB a1 level did not fall within the correlation norms between Hb A1 and FPG. Treatment of the anaemia restored the correlative norms. Hb A1 levels were significantly higher in patients with microvascular complications (12,1 +/- 0,8%) than in those without any vascular complications (10,3 +/- 0,3%) (P less than 0,01).

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

Cortisol, glucagon and growth hormone responses to oral glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young.

Cortisol and growth hormone (GH) responses to a 100 g oral glucose load were measured in 85 Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young (NIDDY) and 50 reference subjects; in 16 patients and 12 reference subjects the glucagon responses were also assessed. Fasting serum cortisol and plasma glucagon levels were significantly higher in the NIDDY group (P less than 0.001); in contrast, GH levels in the NIDDY patients were significantly lower (P less than 0.01). Plasma glucagon was only significantly suppressed 150 minutes after oral glucose loading in the NIDDY group, in contrast to the reference group, which showed maximum suppression at 90 minutes; at all time intervals plasma glucagon levels were significantly higher in the NIDDY patients. Obesity did not affect fasting plasma glucagon levels. In response to the oral glucose load serum cortisol levels in the NIDDY patients were suppressed in parallel with those in the reference group but remained significantly higher throughout the period of observation at all time intervals. Obese NIDDY patients had higher fasting cortisol levels, but their response to orally administered glucose was no different from that of the NIDDY group as a whole. GH suppression by oral glucose in NIDDY patients was less than that in the reference group, and the rebound rise occurred earlier. Obese NIDDY patients had higher fasting GH levels than their non-obese counterparts, but responses to the glucose load were not different.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1982

Vascular complications in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young.

Of 85 Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young, 16 (19%) were found to have vascular disease. Of these 16 patients 14 had diabetic retinopathy and 6 nephropathy. Five of the patients with nephropathy also had retinopathy, and the 6th had bilateral cataracts. Three patients had ischaemic heart disease associated with nephropathy and/or retinopathy. No patient had peripheral or cerebrovascular disease, and 15 (18%) were found to have hypertension; 5 (31%) of the patients with vascular disease had hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Serum beta-2-microglobulin estimation as an indicator of the glomerular filtration rate.

In 56 patients in whom the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the 51Cr-EDTA technique, serum creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin levels were also measured. In the 15 patients with a GFR of greater than or equal to 80 ml/min, both serum creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin levels were within the reference range. However, the beta 2-microglobulin level was elevated (greater than 2,3 mg/l) in all 41 patients with a GFR of less than 80 ml/min, while the serum creatinine level was increased (greater than 133 mumol/l) in only 35 patients. In the remaining 6 patients, the creatinine values ranged from 75 to 125 mumol/l. It would therefore seem that serum beta 2-microglobulin assay is a more sensitive test than creatinine assay for detecting impaired renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Routine measurement of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid.

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a constituent of lung surfactant in the mature fetus and is effective in protecting against the respiratory distress syndrome. Three methods of separating PG by thin-layer chromatography have been assessed. A two-dimensional method, although separating the major phospholipids, is not suitable for routine use. One-dimensional resolution has the advantages of speed, duplication of samples and suitability of densitometric measurement of PG. Two methods are described and a technique suitable for the rapid demonstration of amniotic fluid PG is recommended.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1982

Cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young.

Cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were measured in Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young (NIDDY). Both cholesterol and triglycerides were increased as compared with reference values. The HDL cholesterol levels were lower in cases of NIDDY. Aberrations in the lipid and lipoprotein levels were more pronounced in males. Significant correlations were found between the levels of cholesterol and glycosylated haemoglobin, and triglycerides and glycosylated haemoglobin; triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were inversely correlated. No correlation was found between triglycerides and obesity. NIDDY does not differ from the more common type of non-insulin-dependent diabetes in mature patients with regard to cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The insulin and glucose response to an oral glucose load in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes with age of onset under 35 years was studied in 85 Indian patients eighty-one per cent of the group were females, the mean age of onset of diabetes was 27 years while the mean duration was 6.3 years. the mean percentage desirable mass of the patients was 112%, obesity being present in 55% of the group. Eighty-two per cent of patients gave a positive family history; closer analysis revealed that 75% of the propositi had a diabetic parent and 41% a diabetic sibling; while three-generation transmission was present in 7%. Eighty-one patients consented to a 100 g oral glucose load. The insulin and glucose response during a 3-hour period revealed fasting hyperinsulinism with a delayed and attenuated insulin response, a much lower insulin area and higher glucose ares, a lower insulin-glucose ratio and a lower modified Seltzer insulinogenic index when compared with 50 non-diabetic reference subjects. There was no difference in insulin and glucose responses in obese and non-obese diabetics. However, subdivision of the group into those with moderate and those with severe diabetes demonstrated that the latter had significantly higher plasma glucose levels and lower insulin levels at all times, except in the fasting state, during which the insulin levels were not significantly different.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in twin pregnancies.

The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio showed no difference between the two amniotic sacs in 24 multiple pregnancies examined before the onset of labor. Once labor started, however, the L/S ratio was higher in the first sac compared to the second in the six pregnancies where labor had commenced and was somewhat advanced at the time of amniocentesis. Dual-sac amniocentesis is essential during labor when assessment of pulmonary maturity is required, whereas single-sac sampling is adequate before the start of labor.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1982

Fetal adrenal gland maturation in growth-retarded twin pregnancies.

Twenty-two twin pregnancies each with one growth-retarded and one normal twin fetus were examined to determine the effects of fetal growth retardation on the maturation of the adrenal gland with respect to cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). The growth-retarded twin fetuses (IUGR) had lower umbilical arterial concentrations of DHEAS than their siblings (IUGR 5.25 +/- 2.4; non-IUGR 6.51 +/- 2.9 mumols/l; p less than 0.01), whereas cortisol concentrations were not statistically different (no labor, IUGR 1,134 +/- 751, non-IUGR 1,140 +/- 958 mumols/l; labor IUGR 2,062 +/- 929, non-IUGR 1,609 +/- 469 mumols/l). These data suggest that while the definitive zone of the fetal adrenal is as well-developed as in non-growth-retarded twins, the fetal zone shows reduced secretory capacity of delta 5-steroids. This supports the hypothesis that in growth retardation the adrenal gland shows features of increased maturation.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1982

Cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors in male breast cancer.

Cytoplasmic estrogen receptors were detected in 12 of 13 male breast cancer tumors. There was no significant correlation of receptor levels with the age of the patient, size and histological grading of the tumor, and stage and nodal involvement of the disease. Nuclear estrogen receptors were found in eight of 10 tumors and six of nine patients had tumors positive for cytoplasmic progesterone receptors, two of which were also found to contain nuclear progesterone receptors. The presence of cytoplasmic progesterone receptors, in addition to cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors, may be indicative of truly hormone-dependent tumors in male breast cancer. Treatment offered to patients included surgery, X-ray therapy, chemotherapy, and orchiectomy, but as yet, no general conclusions of the efficacy of the therapeutic regime can be drawn.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hypomagnesaemia-hypocalcaemia syndrome in the postpartum period. A case report.

A black woman had amoebic dysentery for 5 days before delivery of her 7th child. The day after delivery at home she was admitted to hospital with puerperal sepsis, vaginal bleeding and dysentery. The patient received gentamicin from the 4th to the 10th day after admission and the diarrhoea continued until the 11th day, when she developed tetany. Investigation revealed hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia and hypokalaemia; urinary magnesium excretion was at the upper limit of the reference range; infusion of parathyroid hormone adenosine monophosphate excretion. Magnesium replacement therapy was instituted and normal serum calcium, magnesium and potassium levels were re-established on this treatment alone. These findings are interpreted as being consistent with magnesium depletion by diarrhoea and gentamicin therapy, resulting in the induction of a functional hypoparathyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Fetal prostaglandin levels in twin pregnancies.

Umbilical venous plasma and amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandins E2 (PGE), F2 alpha (PGF) and 13,14 dihydro-15-keto-F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured in 31 twin pregnancies by specific radioimmunoassays. There was no significant difference between twins I and II in the same pregnancy but PGE and PGFM were significantly increased during labour in fetal blood. This rise was not manifest in the latent phase. PG concentration in amniotic fluid rose with advancing gestational age but was more pronounced in the case of PGE than for PGF and PGFM. No significant differences between amniotic sac concentrations of PGs of twin I and II were found during the prelabour period, but in all four patients in labour with intact membranes, the PG levels were increased in twin I. The fetal plasma and amniotic fluid levels of PGE and PGFM were significantly correlated in the prelabour group.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1981

Nuclear and cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors in squamous carcinoma of the cervix.

Nuclear and cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors (REN and REC) were sought in 5 normal cervices and in 43 specimens of squamous carcinoma of the cervix. All 3 tissues components of the 5 normal cervices contained both REN and REC. Thirty-five (81%) of the tumours contained receptors, but in only 9 (21%) were they found in both subcellular compartments. Twenty-four tumours (56%) had only REC and 2 had only REN. The potential therapeutic significance of these findings is not yet known, but it seems possible that tumours with an intact receptor mechanism might benefit from oestrogen therapy and have a more favourable prognosis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗