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Biomedical subjects

S M Lozhnikova

Publications and source records attributed to S M Lozhnikova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Sneddon's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus with cerebrovascular disturbances and widespread livedo].

A comparative clinical and instrumental analysis of 97 patients with Sneddon's syndrome (SS), a combination of cerebrovascular ischemic disturbances with widespread livedo, and 12 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with the same combination, has been conducted. Despite the presence of similar features related to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)--cerebrovascular disturbances, livedo, fetal loss, peripheral venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, antibodies to phospholipids, etc--there were distinct differences between SS and SLE. In SS, no skin lesions ("butterfly", discoid lupus, photosensibilization) typical for SLE as well as sores of mucous oral cavity, polyarthritis, serosity, diagnostically significant titers of antinuclear factor and antibodies to DNA were observed. SS emerged with livedo (44%), cerebrovascular disturbances (24%) and systemic APS appearances (32%). SLE in 75% cases began with its classical symptoms and in 25% with systemic APS signs and never with livedo or cerebrovascular disturbances. For 10.5 +/- 8.0 years, no cases of SS were featured by typical SLE symptoms. Pathomorphological study indicated that SS and SLE were independent diseases. Their similarity was due to development of secondary APS, including cerebrovascular disturbances and livedo, in some patients with SLE.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2000

[The ultrastructural localization of NO-synthase NADPH diaphorase in a peripheral nerve and its change in diphtheritic polyneuropathy].

Light and electron microscopy was used to study the distribution and changes of NADPH-diaphorase in the cutaneous nerve biopsy specimens in different periods of diphtheritic polyneuropathy (DP). there was a reduction in the reaction rate of the enzyme in Schwann's cells of the destructively changed nerve fibers and an increase in the remyelinated nerve fibers. The enzyme is located on the nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum membranes and ribosomes. It is suggested that there is an association of the synthesis of nitric oxide with the myelin-producing function of Schwann's cells.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

[Pathology of the brain in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease].

The autopsy cases of Creitsfeldt-Jacob disease (a sporadic form) are reported which were diagnosed clinically and supported by the data of biopsy and autopsy of the brain (classic triad: death of neurons, astrogliosis and spongiform degeneration of the gray substance of the cortex of brain hemispheres, preferentially), followed by clinical morphologic comparisons. The focal character of the disease was observed on the early stages of the disease, while diffuse alterations were found on the late stages.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1998

[In vivo diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease].

The paper presents the data concerning usage of some original method of vital laboratory diagnostics of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease that belongs to the group of prionic diseases. The method consisted in the inoculation of inoculative culture of rat Gasser ganglion's neurinoma by biologic materials investigated (serum and clot of blood) with the following passivation and investigation of the contaminated culture by means of both morphologic and electron microscopic methods. As an example of vital verificated case the wide pathomorphologic analysis of the biopsy sample of brain was presented. Besides, the efficiency of the investigation of cognitive evoked potentials (P300) together with EEG was also demonstrated as the method of objectification of the development of dementia in this disease.

Brain↗
PubMed1996

Clinical and molecular analysis of a large family with three distinct phenotypes of progressive muscular dystrophy.

We describe a unique six-generation, highly consanguineous family originating from an isolated mountainous village in the Russian province of Daghestan. Three separate clinical phenotypes of progressive muscular dystrophy were identified in this large family. Seven patients developed a classical limb-girdle variant of muscular dystrophy (LGMD), with disease onset at 15-30 years and loss of ambulation within a 25-year course. The second group included three patients with a slowly progressive distal myopathy first manifested in the late teens and confined to the tibial and calf muscles. Each of these two phenotypes segregated independently as an autosomal recessive trait, and muscle biopsies showed non-specific myopathic changes. Lastly, two male siblings exhibited an atypical variant of Duchenne muscular dystrophy confirmed by detection of a deletion in the dystrophin gene. To clarify the molecular basis of the polymorphic autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy in this kindred, we performed molecular genetic studies on 67 family members and obtained significant evidence for linkage to chromosome 2p. A maximum pairwise lod (logarithm of odds) score of 5.64 was achieved at the zero recombination fraction (i.e. at theta = 0.00) for locus D2S291; multipoint linkage analysis confirmed the most likely location of a mutant gene near D2S291. The patients with LGMD and those with the distal muscular dystrophy phenotype share a common affected homozygous haplotype associated with the same founder chromosome; key recombinants defined D2S286 and D2S292 to be the closest loci flanking the mutant gene. Remarkably, two clinically distinct forms of autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy, LGMD type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy, were recently mapped to the same locus. We suggest that all three chromosome 2p-linked conditions may represent allelic disorders, i.e. different phenotypic expressions of a single gene.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Inclusion body myositis: its clinico-electrophysiological and morphological diagnosis].

The paper reports three cases of myositis. The findings at detailed electroneuromyographic, morphologic and ultrastructural tests were indicative of characteristic vacuole inclusions in the muscular fibers. Two patients had associated neuritic disorders diagnosed neurophysiologically and morphohistochemically. The neuritic component proved aggravating in the course of the disease. Diagnostic myographic and morphological criteria are analyzed which can distinguish myositis with inclusions from other muscular inflammatory disease.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1991

[Morphologic changes in the skin and superficial temporal arteries in Sneddon's syndrome].

Skin biopsies from livedo's areas of 25 patients and fragments of superficial temporal arteries of 10 patients with Sneddon's syndrome were examined. Pathological changes in the dermis arteries of small and medium calibers were found in the form of the intima hyperplasia, proliferation of vascular wall cell elements (80%), arterial thrombosis (with diameter of 60-200 microns). These changes were found in 68% of observations when clinical and morphological signs of vasculitis were lacking. "Arteriopathy" is the most appropriate term for such lesions. Focal and diffuse fibro-muscular elastic hyperplasia of the intima and muscular layer fibrosis in the wall of superficial temporal arteries may be considered as age-associated lesions. Ultrastructurally, a selective damage of the non-adrenergic part of the nervous apparatus of the dermal arteries and superficial temporal arteries were observed; this suggests the participation of the damaged vascular neurogenic regulation in the formation of organic vascular changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of short-term adaptation to hypoxia on the development of acute cerebral circulatory disorders in rats genetically disposed to epilepsy].

The exposure of KM rats genetically predisposed to autogenic convulsive fits, to hypobaric hypoxia had a protective effect on the extension of cerebrovascular disorders in conditions of acoustic stress, reducing the severity of motor disorders and the degree of intracranial hemorrhage (subdural, subarachnoidal, intraventricular).

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1986

[Hypertensive angiopathy of the brain].

Cerebral vessels were studied by light microscopy in 20 autopsies after hemorrhagic stroke from arterial hypertension. Primary (acute), secondary (reparative) changes, as well as changes reflecting compensatory-adaptive processes, were found in the intracerebral and superficial arteries of the brain. The whole complex of these vascular changes was defined as hypertonic angiopathy. The usage of such terms as "angiopathy" and "combined angiopathy" were discussed. Criteria of morphologic diagnosis of angiopathies were proposed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1984

[Hypertonic angioencephalopathy in its pathomorphological aspect].

This is a report on 20 autopsies of patients with arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis who died of a hemorrhagic stroke. Morphological changes characteristic of hypertonic angioencephalopathy were detected in the intracerebral vessels and cerebral substance. They included plasmorrhagia with arterial stenosis and necrosis, miliary aneurysms, isolated necrosis of the pia mater attended with vascular deformation, complete and incomplete necrosis of the cerebral substance, gliomesodermal cicatrices, perivascular hemorrhages, lacunar infarctions at various stages of their progression, etc. The pathomorphological classification of cerebral circulation impairments has thus incorporated an additional notion "hypertonic angioencephalopathy".

Brain↗
PubMed1980

[Morphology of primary and secondary hemorrhages into the brain stem].

On the basis of morphological examinations of 5 cases of primary and 15 cases of secondary hemorrhages to the brain stem histological characteristics of those hemorrhages are presented. A high frequency of preceding disorders of the brain stem circulation in the forms of infarctions at various stages of development, perivascular hemorrhages and cysts due to changes (mostly of hypertensive origin) in the cerebral arterie is noted. These changes are regarded as factors promoting the spreading, and, possibly, the development of primary hemorrhages to the stem, as well as aggravating the degree of the circulatory impairment when the pathological focus develops in the supratentorial space of the brain.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1979

[Myelinolysis of the pons Varolli].

A case of myelinolysis of pons varolli which was diagnosed only after a microscopic examination of the brain is described. Certain morphological features of the focus in pons varolli were observed. It is assumed that in this observation the development of central pontine myelinosis was influenced by the abuse of alcohol as well as by exacerbation of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1979

[Morphology of the Shy-Drager syndrome].

The changes found in the brain and spinal cord and vegetative ganglias in one observation of nerogenic orthostatic hypotension or Shy-Drager syndrome are described. The morphological picture corresponds to a variant of Shy-Drager syndrome with a wide involvement of the nervous system at its various levels. Its is concluded that a thorough examination of the nervous system (including the spinal cord and vegetative ganglia) should be done in all cases of Shy-Drager syndrome and clinically similar diseases accompanied by vegetative disorders, for instance in shaking palsy.

Brain↗
PubMed1975

[Atherosclerosis of the vessels of Willis' circle in certain variants in its structure].

Random studies of the base of the brain vessels in 278 men who had died at the age of 50--64 years were carried out; 29 variants of the structure of the circle of Willis were established; the most common were threadlike connective arteries and posterior trifurcations of the inner carotid arteries. The investigation of atherosclerotic changes in every vessel of the base of the brain showed that in the so-called posterior trifurcations there was a statistically reliable growth of the average degree of atherosclerosis in the intracranial region of the inner carotid artery ensuring in these cases the blood supply for a considerably greater region of the brain. In posterior connective arteries atherosclerotic changes were revealed only when their diametre exceeded 0.1 cm which testified to the bloodflow in these arteries.

Carotid Artery, Internal↗