Biomedical subjects

S M Moinuddin

Publications and source records attributed to S M Moinuddin.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Study of cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics in TGF-beta 1 induced chronic hydrocephalic mice.

In a previous study, we found that the CSF level of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is elevated following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in patients who later develop communicating hydrocephalus, while in mice, an intrathecal injection of TGF-beta 1 can induce communicating hydrocephalus. Recently, histopathological changes in the leptomeninges were studied using the above TGF-beta 1 induced mice model of hydrocephalus. In the present study, in order to further clarify the ventricular dilatation mechanism, we examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics in TGF-beta 1 induced hydrocephalic mice. To assess CSF flow, Indian ink was injected into the passage pathway and the time taken for the ink to pass from the parietal intrameningeal CSF space to cervical lymph nodes was determined. The ink study revealed a significant lengthening of the ink passage time due to altered CSF flow dynamics, while a histological examination showed ink stasis in the altered leptomeningeal CSF space compared to PBS injected control mice. TGF-beta 1 induced increased cellularity in the leptomeninx and fibrosis, and a subsequent narrowing of the intrameningeal CSF space. This narrowing causes a disturbance in CSF flow, thus generating a mild pressure gradient, which ultimately leads to the development of slowly progressive ventricular dilatation. After SAH, elevated TGF-beta 1 in the CSF may play a similar role, in concert with other factors, in the development of communicating hydrocephalus in human.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Value of urine cytology versus bladder washing in bladder cancer.

A prospective study compared the diagnostic outcome of paired urine cytology and bladder washings in 26 patients as well as the diagnostic accuracy of cytologic reading of voided urine in 43 patients, all with documented bladder cancer. We demonstrate the superiority of bladder washing over voided urine cytology and recommend its routine use in spite of the additional cost and patient discomfort.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1991

Intraepithelial neoplasia of the anal canal in hemorrhoidal tissue: a study of 19 cases.

The investigators report the clinical and pathologic features of 19 cases of intraepithelial neoplasia occurring in the anal canal mucosa of routinely excised hemorrhoidal tissue, a condition that has been infrequently described. The patients were 12 women and seven men having an age range of 21 to 74 years (mean, 48 years). Two patients had coexistent anogenital condylomata acuminata. Leukoplakia of the hemorrhoidal surface was noted in two patients. Intraepithelial neoplasia arose in the transition zone of the anal canal of 11 cases, in the squamous zone of three cases, and in both sites of five cases. All were high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms; one was classified moderate to severe dysplasia, 17 exhibited severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ, and one contained microinvasive carcinoma. Both keratinizing and cloacogenic type neoplasms were observed. Associated koilocytotic atypia was identified in 16 cases (84%). In situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV) messenger RNA demonstrated HPV RNA sequences in seven of nine neoplasms (78%) studied by that technique (five HPV type 16, one HPV type 18, and one coinfection with HPV types 6 and 18). Eighteen patients had no clinically evident recurrent or progressive disease at mean follow-up of 6.6 years. Residual/recurrent intraepithelial neoplasia was noted in one patient at 1, 2, 5, and 49 months posthemorrhoidectomy. Our data indicate that incidentally discovered high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia present in hemorroidal tissue is a clinically nonaggressive lesion frequently associated with HPV infection. Hemorrhoidectomy alone is curative in most cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Aspiration biopsy of primary neoplasms of bone.

Aspiration biopsy of bone is a simple and relatively safe diagnostic tool that had a diagnostic accuracy of 72 per cent in thirty-one patients who had a primary bone tumor that was suspected of being malignant and of 83 per cent in twelve patients who had a suspected giant-cell tumor. However, twenty-six primary lesions of bone that were thought likely to be benign were not as easily and definitively diagnosed (an accuracy rate of 23 per cent), and for these lesions, multiple needle-aspiration samples or open biopsy provides greater diagnostic accuracy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Application of anti-leukocyte common antigen and anti-cytokeratin antibodies to the biopsy diagnosis of gastric large cell lymphoma.

Definitive diagnosis of gastric large cell lymphoma and its distinction from anaplastic carcinoma in endoscopic biopsy material may be problematic. To assess the utility of immunohistochemical studies in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded tissue in this situation, we applied immunostaining for leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and cytokeratin in 17 cases diagnosed on biopsy as undifferentiated malignant tumor but proved on resection to be primary gastric large cell lymphoma. Clinical and endoscopic features failed to distinguish lymphoma from carcinoma in these cases. Immunoreactivity for LCA occurred in 15 cases (88 per cent) and was correctly and readily interpreted on blinded evaluation. Open review increased the yield to 16 cases (94 per cent). Tumor cells were uniformly negative for cytokeratin; however, staining of adjacent epithelium for cytokeratin provided additional confirmation of the lymphoid nature of the tumor. The one case in which excessive background staining precluded interpretation consisted of a single biopsy specimen of necrotic tumor. We conclude that antibodies to LCA and cytokeratin are sensitive, specific, and reliable diagnostic adjuncts that are useful in the definitive biopsy diagnosis of gastric large cell lymphoma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Flow cytometry versus urinary cytology in the evaluation of patients with bladder cancer.

We compared the roles of urinary cytology and flow cytometry in the evaluation of patients with bladder cancer in clinical practice situations at a large general hospital. Specimens included 105 bladder washings from patients being followed for urothelial carcinomas and 28 control washings from individuals undergoing cytoscopy for other reasons. Flow cytometry and cytology were performed on aliquots of the same specimen in all bladder cancer samples. When carcinoma was present at the time of specimen collection it was detected by positive cytology in 75 per cent and deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy in 78 per cent of the cases. Combination of flow cytometry and urinary cytology increased the diagnostic yield to 95 per cent. Flow cytometry was slightly more sensitive than urinary cytology for detection of abnormalities in specimens from noninvasive and untreated tumors but the only statistically significant difference between the 2 procedures occurred among specimens from treated invasive cancers in which flow cytometry was a less sensitive method than cytology. Abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy was documented in a few specimens from noncancer-bearing patients having diseases associated with high urothelial cell turnover rates but the concomitant urinary cytology was negative for neoplasia. When used in conjunction with urinary cytology, flow cytometry was a valuable procedure in the followup of patients with bladder cancer. The diagnostic yield with this combination was such that flow cytometry and cytology may be used to reduce the frequency of cystoscopy and biopsy during clinical management in selected situations.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1985

The role of aspiration biopsy cytology in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

The experience at one institution concerning the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by aspiration biopsy is reviewed. Twelve cases in which acid-fast bacilli were identified in pulmonary aspiration material are reported. The cytologic findings were confirmed by microbiologic culture in nine cases. The advantages of using aspiration biopsy cytology in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis are discussed. In our experience we conclude that the use of aspiration biopsy cytology in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is not only accurate, but also offers several advantages that are important in patient care.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1984

Mediastinal needle biopsy.

A review of 52 consecutive needle biopsies of the mediastinum is presented. The aspirated material yielded cytologic and/or histologic diagnosis in 50 needle biopsies; two needle biopsies failed to yield adequate cellular material for diagnosis. All but two of the 50 patients had confirmation of the biopsy diagnosis by surgical, autopsy, or clinical correlation. In 32 patients, a 20-gauge needle was used for the biopsy. A larger-bore (17-gauge) needle with a cutting device was used in 20 cases to obtain more tissue for histologic diagnosis of benign or unusual malignant lesions. Despite the larger size of the needle, the rate of complications remained low.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Urothelial carcinoma after cyclophosphamide therapy.

We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder after cyclophosphamide therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Urologic evaluation and histologic confirmation occurred only after low grade tumor cells were identified in multiple urine samples. Malignant cells can be distinguished from drug effect in urinary specimens from patients treated with cyclophosphamide and all such cases should include regular cytologic evaluations.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum. Cytologic diagnosis on a pleural effusion.

A primary mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor in a young man was diagnosed by cytologic examination of a pleural effusion. Subsequent evaluation revealed a greatly elevated serum alphafetoprotein (AFP); computed tomographic scan of the chest showed a large anterior mediastinal mass. Routine examination of the smears and cell block preparations revealed clusters of tumor cells with a few intracytoplasmic hyaline droplets. Immunohistochemical stains for AFP, alpha-1-antitrypsin and cytokeratin were positive in the tumor cells while stains for carcinoembryonic antigen and the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin were negative. This supported the diagnosis of endodermal sinus tumor, a rare primary tumor within the mediastinum.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of liposarcoma of the breast. A case report.

Aspiration cytology has become an accepted procedure in the evaluation of breast abnormalities. Encountering unusual findings in cytologic material, therefore, may become more frequent. We describe a primary liposarcoma of the breast diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology and review the cytologic features of liposarcoma in general. The differential diagnosis is considered, and the previous literature regarding liposarcomas of the breast is reviewed.

Aged↗