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Biomedical subjects

S M Moore

Publications and source records attributed to S M Moore.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effects of interventions to promote recovery in coronary artery bypass surgical patients.

In this integrated review of the literature 19 published investigations of interventions to promote recovery following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) are analyzed. The most frequently tested CABG recovery intervention, preparatory information, effectively increased knowledge, and enhanced resumption of activities during recovery. However, its effect on mood states during recovery remains unclear. There was clear evidence that information interventions designed to increase individuals' knowledge about expected recovery experiences and coronary artery disease were effective. Analysis of the studies indicated that few women, elders, and minority races were included. An important area needing development and testing of interventions is secondary prevention of cardiac risk factors.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1997

Reducing nosocomial pressure ulcers.

The authors analyze the processes surrounding an initial failure and eventual success in implementing organizational change. The specific organizational change involves prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. It provides insight as to how critical factors serve to bring about and sustain change in an organization. It also serves to illustrate deficiencies in traditional and popular change theories.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1996

Epstein-Barr virus as a therapeutic target in Hodgkin's disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Conventional approaches to the treatment of malignancy are often not curative or are associated with serious complications. New approaches to treatment are needed. A variety of specific approaches to the destruction of virus-associated tumor cells are illustrated in the context of EBV-associated Hodgkin's disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Viral antigens expressed by tumors may be targeted by cytotoxic T cells. Other viral antigens not naturally expressed by tumors may be induced by pharmacologic manipulations such as treatment with demethylating agents. Viral enzymes not naturally expressed by tumors such as thymidine kinase may be induced by protein kinase C activators, thus rendering tumor cells sensitive to killing by ganciclovir.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1996

The effects of a discharge information intervention on recovery outcomes following coronary artery bypass surgery.

This quasi-experimental study tested the effects of a discharge information intervention on physical and psychological outcomes 1 month following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Recovery outcomes were compared between two groups of patients: those receiving an audiotape of information focusing on expected physical symptoms and their management in addition to usual care, and those receiving a usual cardiac discharge information protocol. The nonprobability sample of 82 patients were men and women and had a mean age of 64 years. The outcome measurements included psychological distress, measured by the Profile of Mood States, and physical functioning, measured by the Sickness Impact Profile. The audiotape intervention produced positive effects on physical functioning [F(1,80) = 6.37, p < 0.01]; the effects were maintained when age and post-operative length of stay were statistically controlled. No differences in psychological distress were found. Findings suggest that audiotapes containing discharge information about expected recovery experiences are a feasible and effective approach to enhancing the physical recovery of CABG patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

CABG discharge information: addressing women's recovery.

Women's descriptions of the coronary artery bypass surgery recovery experience were elicited for development of a preparatory discharge information intervention. In a convenience sample, 20 women (mean age = 67 years) were interviewed about the physical sensations, emotions, and concerns they experienced after CABG at three measurement points: discharge, 2 days after discharge, and 3 weeks following discharge. Many of the recovery experiences reported by women in this study are not addressed in traditional CABG discharge information.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Development of discharge information for recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery.

Descriptions of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) recovery experiences were elicited for development of a preparatory discharge information intervention. A convenience sample of 15 men and 5 women were interviewed about the concerns, emotions, and physical sensations they experienced after CABG and the actions they found most useful to manage the recovery at three time points: (a) discharge; (b) 2 days after discharge; and (c) 3 weeks after discharge. Concerns of subjects centered on pain management and return to independence in activities of daily living. Reports of negative emotions increased over the first month of recovery and included depression, anger, and anxiety. Subjects most frequently reported physical sensations associated with fatigue, chest incision, sleeping, leg incision, shoulder and neck muscles, and coughing. Descriptions of the CABG recovery experience provided data for development of discharge information, that focused on concrete experiences from the viewpoint of the person having CABG surgery and included orienting information about the onset, sequence, and duration of the experiences.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Psychologic distress of patients and their spouses after coronary artery bypass surgery.

The first 6 weeks of recovery from coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a source of stress for both patients and their spouses. Attempts by patients and spouses to manage the stress associated with this post-hospitalization recovery are associated with alterations in psychologic functioning. This study consisted of a secondary analysis of a larger study evaluating the effects of a homegoing family information intervention. The authors identify and compare the psychologic distress of patients and spouses 6 weeks after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Patients and spouses were individually interviewed in their homes 6 weeks after surgery. They were asked about their psychologic functioning by using the Profile of Moods States. Results indicated that spouses experienced more psychologic distress than patients at 6 weeks after surgery. Younger spouses reported more anger than older spouses. These results support the need for discharge and home interventions to reduce the psychologic distress of spouses as well as patients. Younger spouses, in particular, may need targeted interventions. Additionally, the effect of gender on measures of psychologic distress needs further exploration.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Networks for home care support: the ComputerLink project.

Family caregivers of Alzheimer's patients often feel isolated by the restrictions placed on them by their role. The ComputerLink project was established to provide these caregivers with the information and support they need to make informed decisions about plans of care and to feel connected to others in similar circumstances.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

High-resolution computer display of portable, digital, chest radiographs of adults: suitability for primary interpretation.

OBJECTIVE: The suitability of using a high-resolution computer-display system for primary interpretation of adult chest radiographs obtained with portable apparatus and storage phosphor technology was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis and subjective methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty portable digital chest radiographs showing abnormalities that approached the resolution limits of our computed radiography system were selected. The original digital data making up the 2140 x 1760 x 10 bit images were transferred to a cathode ray tube (CRT) display system composed of two Megascan monitors. Postprocessing rendered two images, one for each monitor, to emulate the two-on-one hard-copy format produced by the computed radiography system. Each image set was interpreted independently by three radiologists experienced with hard-copy format. Limited level and window adjustments were allowed during CRT interpretation. For both CRT and hard-copy display, images were graded on the basis of the interpreter's confidence in the presence of pneumothorax and parenchymal abnormalities. Three types of foreign devices were subjectively analyzed: endotracheal tubes, nasogastric tubes, and temporary epicardial pacer wires. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in detecting pneumothorax or focal infiltrates. One radiologist found the hard copy better for detecting diffuse infiltrates (p = .02); two radiologists favored CRT for visualizing nasogastric tubes (p < .005, p < .02); and one radiologist favored CRT for visualizing temporary epicardial pacer wires (p = .05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that an optimized high-resolution CRT system is quite promising for primary interpretation of digital portable chest radiographs, but further investigation and greater statistical power are necessary to confirm our results.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Alzheimer's caregivers. Psychosocial support via computer networks.

1. An important role of the nurse as coordinator of geriatric client care is to provide psychosocial support (emotional, spiritual, and informational) to family members. 2. In order to fulfill this role, nurses must avail themselves of new and creative technologies, such as computer networks. 3. A community computer network, ComputerLink, has helped to meet the emotional, spiritual, and informational needs of caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Promoting advanced practice nursing.

Meeting the goals of a reformed health care system requires the expertise of professionals, especially those with specialized knowledge and skills. In the restructured health care system, nurses prepared for advanced practice are considered to be unique and valuable providers. The effectiveness of advanced practice nurses is well documented. The use of advanced practice nurses to provide care has been limited by restrictions on their scope of practice, prescriptive authority, clinical privileging, and eligibility for reimbursement. Gaining clarity about the roles that advanced practice nurses will fulfill in the future, standardizing specialists' preparation, and removing practice barriers is imperative if advanced practice nurses are to realize their potential impact on the health care delivery system. This article discusses the current issues affecting advanced practice nurses, and provides visions of new roles for them in health care delivery.

Health Care Reform↗
PubMed1992

Teleradiology via narrow-band integrated services digital network (N-ISDN) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image compression.

The importance of remote access to both radiological images and medical information has stimulated many demonstration projects that use a variety of telecommunications providers' offerings. Teleradiology, through modest cost channels, can achieve adequate response times using a combination of narrow-band integrated services digital network (N-ISDN) and data compression. A demonstration project, developed in collaboration with Southwestern Bell Technology Resources, Inc, uses the aggregate bandwidth of two B channels (achieving a rate of 120 kilobits per second) and a block-oriented discrete cosine transform compression/decompression implementation based on the Joint Photographic Experts Group Standard for Still Image Compression. System response measurements for an Inquiry and Display Station accessing the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology's Radiology Image and Information Management Testbed via the N-ISDN connection show response times to be within 20 seconds. Viewing applications have been shown at sites within St Louis and at Radiological Society of North America, 1990, in Chicago.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1992

"Smoking doesn't work:" a smoking prevention project for women attending a technical institute.

Women attending technical institutes often enroll in training programs for occupations with traditionally high smoking rates. In contrast, more worksites are implementing smoke-free and restricted smoking policies. "Smoking Doesn't Work," a smoking prevention project targeted at young females enrolled in a technical institute in Minnesota, used employability as the central theme in schoolwide events and classroom activities. Project intervention resulted in statistically significant increases in knowledge and awareness of smoking and employability issues. While young women enrolled in the technical institute recognized the negative image and health effects of smoking, they were less aware of the relationship between smoking status and employability. A focus on employability appears to provide a salient approach to smoking prevention with technical institute students.

Adolescent↗