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Biomedical subjects

S M Paulsen

Publications and source records attributed to S M Paulsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Enhanced lysozyme production in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages treated with yeast beta-glucan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

Atlantic salmon head kidney macrophages grown in the presence of particulate yeast beta-glucan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed increased production of lysozyme in the culture supernatants compared to non-treated controls. The increased lysozyme production started at day 3 and was five- to six-fold higher compared to controls at day 6 in culture. Beta-glucan showed an approximate linear dose-response curve between 1 and 250 microg x ml(-1) whereas LPS showed a dose-response curve with a well-defined optimum concentration (10 microg x ml(-1)). The increase in lysozyme activity was accompanied by an accumulation of lysozyme gene transcript in the stimulated cells. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha, known for its ability to stimulate lysozyme in human macrophages and to elevate respiratory burst activity of rainbow trout macrophages, failed to stimulate lysozyme production of Atlantic salmon macrophages. Macrophages isolated from fish suffering from a non-lethal Ichthyobodo necator infection displayed a highly increased ability to produce lysozyme in response to both beta-glucan and LPS. As in higher vertebrates, lysozyme production may reflect the differentiation stage of the Atlantic salmon macrophages as well as a direct activation of lysozyme gene transcription by biological response modifiers. The rather late increase in lysozyme production induced by beta-glucan and LPS may thus be explained by stimulation of differentiation of the macrophages in culture eventually combined with direct activation of transcription of the lysozyme gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Improved results in the management of surgical candidates with lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative mortality and morbidity after lung resection for carcinoma are generally reported to be 3% to 6% and 15% to 30%, respectively, and higher in the elderly and those with limited cardiopulmonary reserve. METHODS: To minimize this risk and extend the surgical option to more high-risk patients, we adopted a protocol in 1991 that included preoperative digitalis, subcutaneous heparin and venoocclusive stockings, aggressive perioperative pulmonary toilet, and video-directed limited resections for many patients with limited pulmonary reserve. In October 1996, we reviewed our results with 173 consecutive patients (median age, 60 years; range, 17 to 89 years) undergoing operation for suspected lung carcinoma. Forty-one patients were 70 years old or older, and 70 patients were considered high risk on the basis of advanced age (> or = 70 years), poor cardiac or pulmonary reserve, or serious medical comorbidity. Procedures included pneumonectomy (n = 31), lobectomy (n = 83), bilobectomy (n = 12), and limited resection (n = 45). Two patients had unresectable disease. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 1.6% (3/173) and morbidity was experienced by 15% (26/173). Among the high-risk subgroup mortality was 4.2% (3/70) and morbidity was 20% (14/70; p < 0.03). For the older patients these values were 4.8% (2/41) and 17.9% (7/41), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity and mortality from lung resections may be minimized with the perioperative management strategy outlined above. This would allow more high-risk patients to benefit from surgical resection, and do so with an acceptably low risk.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

The value of immunohistochemistry of pleural biopsy specimens in the differential diagnosis between malignant mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the aid of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis between pleural malignant mesothelioma (MM) and secondary pleural carcinoma in pleural biopsy specimens. A series of MM (epithelial or biphasic type) (n = 39), and a series of secondary pleural carcinomas (n = 25) were studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies against Ber-EP4, CEA, and Leu-MI (CD-15). Considering the markers one, two or three at a time, computer analysis was conducted to identify the immunophenotype with the highest sensitivity and specificity for both MM (n = 39) and adenocarcinoma (n = 19). The CEA/CD-15 marker combination had the highest specificity (MM = 100%; adenocarcinoma = 82.1%), and sensitivity (MM = 82.1%; adenocarcinoma = 100%) considering both categories of tumours. Positive reaction for CEA and/or CD-15 was the best indicator of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Negative reaction for CEA/CD-15 and Ber-EP4/CD-15 showed up to be 100% specific for MM. Positive reaction for one, two or even all these antigens, however, occurred in nine tumours predetermined as MM according to their gross appearance, and absence of other primary malignancies at autopsy. Ultrastructural examination (n = 7) of these tumours strongly supported the diagnosis in one case, and did by no means exclude the diagnosis MM in the other six cases. Neither did any of the tumours reveal ultrastructural signs of adenomatous differentiation, and they did not express PAS/diastase resistant globules, amylase or surfactant. Anti -Ber-EP4 was the antibody most frequently expressed in MM (n = 8). Until antibodies specific for MM are available, the limitation of immunohistochemistry to solve the diagnosis in all cases of pleural malignant tumours has to be considered.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Thyroid cancer in the county of North Jutland. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis].

Data concerning 153 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer during the 15-year period 1976-90 were retrospectively analyzed. Fine needle aspiration was performed in 98 patients. False negative smears occurred in 16.5% of the aspirates, most frequently in the papillary carcinoma group in which 20.5% of the smears contained cystic material. It is conducted, that smears containing cystic material without follicular epithelial cells should not be considered adequate for diagnosis and should always be repeated. The tumors were histologically re-examined. In 14 cases the histological diagnosis was re-classified. The ENT-department of Aalborg Hospital treated 136 of the patients. Unilateral lobectomy was performed in localised, unilateral cases of papillary carcinoma and as a main rule, total thyreoidectomy in all other cases of differentiated carcinoma and in all cases of medullary carcinoma. There were few postoperative complications. Unilateral recurrent nerve paralysis occurred in two percent of the patients. The prognosis of differentiated and medullary carcinoma was good and in accordance with other studies in which total thyreoidectomy has been performed in all cases. The pTNM classification did not correlate well with the actuarial survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Estrogen receptor analyses in breast cancer: comparison of monoclonal immunohistochemical and biochemical methods.

The estrogen receptor content in 100 female breast carcinomas was determined using the biochemical dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method and the monoclonal estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA). Great care was taken to make procedures optimal in order to minimize preanalytical errors. A statistically highly significant correlation was found between the results of the two methods, which were qualitatively in accordance in 91 cases, while nine gave a negative ER-ICA but a weak positive DCC result. The quantitative correlations were also statistically significant but varied considerably in individual cases. Under optimal conditions, ER-ICA provides results similar to the DCC method, but it is still uncertain if it can stand alone in routine diagnosis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Primary angiosarcoma of the lung presenting as intractable hemoptysis.

Angiosarcomas are rare tumors, and primary pulmonary location has only been reported in very few cases. In the present report a patient with severe, intractable hemoptysis, demanding pneumonectomy, was found to have a single, small angiosarcoma eroding a large bronchus. No sign of tumor-spread to other organs was detected. A review is made of previous reports of angiosarcomas of the lung, and the differential diagnoses are discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1987

Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast: a solid variant with mucus. A light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a case.

The light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a clear cell carcinoma of the breast have been studied. Both intraductal and invasive components were found. Histochemistry showed large amounts of intracytoplasmic glycogen and sparse neutral mucin in the tumour. The tumour cells were stained by antisera to carcinoembryonic antigen, keratin and epithelial membrane antigen, but not by antisera to alpha-lactalbumin, desmin or vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial derivation of the tumour was confirmed. Only a few intracytoplasmic lumina were demonstrated. The tumour was classified as a mucin-containing variant of glycogen-rich, clear cell carcinoma of the breast.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Primary malignant ovarian carcinoid.

A case of a primary ovarian carcinoid arising in the right ovary of a 17-year-old female is reported. The microscopic picture was very heterogeneous and there was heavily metastatic involvement of the liver but no symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome. No response to DTIC as part of combination chemotherapy was achieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Metastasis of cancer to cancer. A case of breast carcinoma metastasizing to a malignant mesothelioma.

Metastasis of cancer to cancer is exceedingly rare, the most frequent being metastasis from bronchogenic carcinoma to renal carcinoma. A case of breast carcinoma metastasizing to a fibrosarcomatous malignant mesothelioma is presented. Breast carcinoma metastasizing to another carcinoma has been reported 4 times in the past. To our knowledge no case of breast carcinoma metastasizing to a malignant mesenchymal tumor has been published. It is unknown whether metastasis of cancer to cancer is a random occurrence or is due to selective lodging, survival and growth within another malignant neoplasm.

Breast↗
PubMed1985

Atypical lipomatous hamartoma of the lung.

An unusual lipomatous tumour discovered accidentally in the right middle lobe of a 34-year old woman is described. The tumour was associated with an intrapulmonary typical chondromatous hamartoma in the same lobe but separate from the first lesion. The lipomatous tumour was primarily an intrapulmonary lipoma but in a few of the numerous sections made minute islands of cartilage and bone were discovered along with a few epithelial-lined clefts. These justify the diagnosis of a lipomatous hamartoma. Dispersed among the mature fat cells were a few immature cells with atypical nuclei. Cellular atypia in predominantly lipomatous hamartomas has not previously been reported. As the occurrence of atypical lipoblast-like cells might lead to an erroneous diagnosis of liposarcoma, this case is thought worthy of reporting.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of histo- and biochemical methods for estrogen and progesterone receptor analysis in primary human breast carcinoma.

One hundred and twenty-three primary breast carcinomas have been examined under optimal procedural conditions for presence and quantity of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors by a histochemical method using hormones conjugated to fluoresceinated bovine serum albumin and by a conventional biochemical (dextran-coated charcoal) assay. The semiquantitative histochemical results for ER and PgR were strongly positively correlated, as were the corresponding quantitative biochemical results, but there was no significant correlation between histo- and biochemical results for ER, nor between the corresponding results for PgR. By generally accepted cut-off limits for positivity there was an equal frequency of ER- and PgR-positive tumors by the histochemical method (71 and 67% respectively), whereas there was a significantly higher frequency of ER- than PgR-positive tumors by the biochemical method (76 and 59%). The qualitative agreement between the two methods was 76% for ER and 61% for PgR, and there was a correspondingly inferior sensitivity and specificity of the histochemical method in comparison with the biochemical method, whose value is clinically validated.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Bronchial carcinoid tumours. A clinicopathologic study of 82 cases.

A clinical and "blind" histologic review of 82 cases of bronchial carcinoid tumour is presented. The malignant potential of the tumours was only partly predictable from their histologic appearance. Histologically 65 of the tumours were typical benign carcinoids. Regional metastases were found at operation in two of these patients. Fatal carcinoid syndrome with regional and distant metastases appeared in two patients about 1 and 3 years postoperatively. One of the patients with regional metastases at operation is clinically free from carcinoid 12 years later. Malignancy was histologically suspected in 17 cases, in ten of which regional metastases were found at operation. Three of these ten patients are alive 6 to 16 years postoperatively, but two without regional metastases at operation died of local recurrence and distant metastases after 3 to 4 years. Carcinoid syndrome was not seen in these 17 patients. There was one peroperative death. Altogether ten patients (12%) died of recurrence. Among the cases judged at the "blind" histologic review to be suspectedly malignant, the corresponding figure was 50%. For typical carcinoids, conservative resection, including lymph-node metastases, is the treatment of choice. Wedge or sleeve resection with or without pulmonary resection were employed in ten cases. Suspectedly malignant carcinoid tumours may require more extensive surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Simultaneous presentation of a small-cell carcinoma involving the ovary and the uterine endometrium.

A case of simultaneous presentation of a small-cell carcinoma involving the ovary and the uterine endometrium is reported. We consider the endometrium as the primary localization of the tumor. The epithelial origin and neuroendocrine differentiation were confirmed by electron microscopy. Tumor cells were attached by small desmosomes, and in the cytoplasm typically neurosecretory granules measuring 100-200 nm were found. Immunohistochemically, no content of polypeptide hormones (ACTH, Calcitonin, Gastrin, Glucagon, Insulin, Somatostatin and VIP) were encountered. The tumor stained strongly for neuronspecific enolase. The histogenetic possibilities are shortly presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Carcinoembryonic antigen like antigen in granular cell myoblastomas. An immunohistochemical study.

A series of granular cell myoblastomas (GCM) and other benign and malignant tumours of soft tissue were examined for cytoplasmic content of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by the two-layer conjugated immunoperoxidase technique. Using a commercial rabbit anti-CEA serum only granular cell myoblastomas showed positive cytoplasmic reaction. Pretreatment with periodic acid made this reaction less intense, but when the commercial rabbit anti-CEA serum was absorbed with tissue powder from normal human spleen the positive reaction was totally abolished. It is concluded that the positivity of GCM for CEA using commercial rabbit anti-CEA serum is due to the content of non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and maybe other cross-reacting glycoproteins in this tumour, and not to CEA as claimed in a previous study.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1983

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy with complicating disseminated intravascular coagulation.

A description is given of acute fatty liver of pregnancy in a 26-year-old primigravida who survived. Complicating disseminated intravascular coagulation was diagnosed at parturition, and the importance of early diagnosis of this is emphasized. A suggestion for treatment is given as a possible means of improving the prognosis in this mostly fatal disease.

Adult↗