Skin cancer surveillance in renal transplant recipients: questionnaire survey of current UK practice.
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Health Care Surveys↗
Biomedical subjects
S M Reece
Publications and source records attributed to S M Reece.
Reconfiguring a curriculum for the new millennium: the process of change.
Over the past decade, changing demographics, new technology, an increased focus on health promotion, and radical shifts in health care reimbursement have significantly impacted the nursing role. The purpose of this article is to review the process of change at one university as its curriculum evolved from an integrated acute-care focus to a community-based, health promotion framework. A review of the literature and survey data from students, alumnae, faculty, other universities, and curriculum consultants laid the groundwork for this process. Curriculum generation followed guided by data analysis, template design and revision, values clarification, sacrificing "sacred cows," and consensus building. Implications for nursing and nursing education are explored.
Community Health Nursing↗
The emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance: strategies for change.
An urgent warning has been issued by public health authorities worldwide about the threat of antimicrobial resistance by common community-acquired microorganisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Many provider practices have been implicated in this emerging health threat by engaging in inappropriate prescriptive behaviors: imprecise infection diagnoses, "giving in" to patient requests, limiting time spent with patients, fearing liability, and inadequately controlling infections. Patient-related factors implicated in the health threat include a lack of knowledge about bacterial versus viral illness, insistence on receiving antibiotics, nonadherence to drug regimens, and exposure to resistant organisms. Antimicrobials in the environment and the adaptability of microorganisms are also factors. This article evaluates the factors promoting resistance and provides strategies for reversing the trend.
Adolescent↗
Community analysis for health planning: strategies for primary care practitioners.
Primary care practitioners have an important role in planning for the health of individuals and selected target populations. Community analysis and needs assessment are the first steps in health planning. Community analysis involves identifying health issues within a community; gathering data about the community, the target group, and the health concern; analyzing data; and assessing community needs. Community needs assessment involves identifying both existing and potential health problems as well as health promotion needs. By using appropriate skills in carrying out needs assessments, primary care practitioners become active contributors in planning for the health of individuals, groups, and the nation as a whole. This article provides strategies for identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the health needs of a community.
Community Health Planning↗
Divergent themes in maternal experience in women older than 35 years of age.
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Adult↗
Stress and maternal adaptation in first-time mothers more than 35 years old.
This prospective longitudinal study assessed relationships among variables of the early transition to parenthood and maternal stress and adaptation 1 year after delivery in primiparas older than 35 years. Life change scores at 1 month were associated with greater stress at 1 year. Positive self-evaluations of parenting early in the transition to parenthood were associated with greater confidence and support in mothering at 1 year. Compared with normative data, stress scores of study participants were found to be high. The importance of addressing early perceptions of parenting with older first-time mothers was supported.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Preventing influenza and its complications: a public health initiative for the year 2000.
Influenza remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among the elderly and persons with certain chronic illnesses. Despite the availability of safe and efficacious immunization against the virus, only a small percent of persons at-risk for complications are immunized annually. This article describes influenza virus, indications for influenza vaccination, chemoprophylaxis and treatment of influenza, and strategies for practitioners to increase immunization rates among at-risk individuals.
Adolescent↗
Toward the prevention of coronary heart disease: screening of children and adolescents for high blood cholesterol.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the number one killer in the United States. This article summarizes the recommendations for cholesterol screening of children and adolescents by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents. Screening of children and adolescents is selective, and the determination to screen is based on past medical, family health, and health behavior histories. Children or adolescents with a family history of peripheral vascular disease or coronary artery disease in primary relatives under 55 years of age, or parents with high blood cholesterol levels, are considered to be at risk for high blood cholesterol and in need of screening. Children or adolescents who are obese, inactive, have hypertension or diabetes, or who smoke are also considered to be at risk. A universal approach to the prevention of CHD through diet and lifestyle is also described.
Academies and Institutes↗
Immunization strategies for the elimination of hepatitis B.
Rates of hepatitis B infection have remained high despite immunization programs for infants of HBsAg-positive mothers and individuals considered to be at high risk for exposure. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics have provided new recommendations for a comprehensive strategy to eliminate hepatitis B virus. The first priority is the prenatal screening of all pregnant women and follow-up vaccination of all infants. The second is the immunization of at-risk adolescents and adults. Ultimately, it is hoped that all adolescents will be immunized when feasible and that the incidence of hepatitis B virus infection will decline. Primary care providers have an important role in the provision of public education about hepatitis B and in the implementation of these new recommendations.
Adolescent↗
The parent expectations survey: a measure of perceived self-efficacy.
Self-efficacy in early parenting is the confidence that a mother has in her ability to meet the demands of the role of new parent. The Parent Expectations Survey (PES) was developed to measure perceptions of self-efficacy in early parenting. This article traces the development and psychometric testing of the PES. The PES was tested on 82 primiparas at 1 and 3 months postpartum. It demonstrated internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity. Those mothers who had higher self-efficacy early in the transition to parenthood had greater confidence in parenting and less stress 1 year after delivery, thus establishing the predictive validity of the instrument. The PES, both easy to use and to score, may be used by clinicians during the perinatal period to ascertain a mother's early perceptions of self-efficacy in parenting. For those mothers with low self-efficacy, interventions to empower them in that new role may then follow.
Adult↗
New protection against Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in infants and young children.
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections carry high morbidity and mortality, primarily due to meningitis among infants less than 1 year of age. Two new vaccines, HbOC and PRP-OMP, have been developed and licensed to prevent invasive Hib infections in infants and young children. New recommendations advise clinicians to begin immunization for Hib at 2 months of age and to complete the designated series. This article details the new Hib immunization schedule for all pediatric clients between 2 months and 5 years. Additionally, public-health measures toward the prevention of serious pediatric morbidity and mortality are covered.
Bacterial Vaccines↗
Measles vaccination: revised recommendations for immunization.
Recently, outbreaks of measles have occurred across the United States among infants and young children with low rates of immunization, and among schoolage and college students with high rates of immunization. Because of these outbreaks, the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics has changed its recommendations for measles vaccination. New recommendations for routine vaccination are two doses of MMR, one at 15 months and one at age 11 or 12, when a child enters middle school. For infants and children considered to be at increased risk, three doses are recommended: the first at 12 months, the second at 15 months and the third at 11 or 12 years. With school outbreaks, revaccination is recommended for all students, siblings of students and school personnel born on or after January 1, 1957, who did not receive two doses of MMR after 12 months of age. Primary care providers have the opportunity to be on the front lines for the education of the public, the implementation of the recommendations and the ultimate eradication of the disease.
Child↗
The faculty portfolio: documenting the scholarship of teaching.
The scholarship of teaching is considered an essential component of scholarship within academic settings. To promote the transfer of knowledge specific to the discipline of nursing, this category of scholarship must include inquiry into the practice of teaching, program development, and professional role modeling, in addition to excellence in teaching itself. Conveying what constitutes teaching scholarship in nursing may present special challenges for nurse faculty in the university setting. A faculty teaching portfolio is one mechanism for explicating, communicating, and enhancing the scholarship of teaching. The methodology for creating, improving, and maintaining a teaching portfolio includes analyzing the mission of the university, articulating a philosophy of teaching, deciding on goals and objectives, designing evaluative mechanisms, processing data, conducting a self-evaluation, applying new approaches, and revisiting and reflecting on the outcomes. Faculty teaching portfolios serve to display, communicate, and document the scholarship of teaching. The creative endeavors surrounding portfolio development are ongoing and recursive, necessitating self-reflection and new approaches. J Prof Nurs 17:180-186, 2001.
Credentialing↗
Social support and the early maternal experience of primiparas over 35.
Social support and the early maternal experience were examined in 91 first-time mothers over 35 years of age, using the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (Norbeck, Lindsey, & Carrieri, 1981, 1983) Parenting Support Questions, the Parenting Network Scale, and the What Being the Parent of a Baby is Like Scale (Pridham & Chang, 1989). Data were collected in the last trimester of pregnancy and at 1 month postpartum. The greatest amount of support came from spouse, friends, and family. Subtle changes occurred in social support with decreases in number of network members and functional scores, and increases in number of members with children under 2 years of age. Social support from spouse and family was associated with both positive self-evaluation in parenting and lower stress postpartum.
Adult↗