Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S M Stanley.
The transduction signals from the immobilisation of a class I heavy chain, HLA-A2, on a layer guided acoustic plate mode device, followed by binding of beta(2)-microglobulin and subsequent selective binding of a target peptide are reported.
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The metabolism and urinary excretion of a 100 mg dose of the non-sedating anxiolytic drug buspirone was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode. In addition to a significant proportion of unchanged buspirone we were able to detect three major metabolite classes. These were identified as monohydroxy, dihydroxy and dihydroxymethoxy products. Detection of the metabolites and the parent drug was possible in all the urine samples collected (1-12 h) post-administration.
In this study the equine metabolism of fluoxymesterone (9alpha-fluoro-11beta-17beta-dihydroxy-17alpha-meth ylandrost-4-ene-3-one) given orally has been investigated. The parent material was not detected, but two major 16-hydroxy metabolites which corresponded to a mono- and a di-hydroxylation product were evident. One of the hydroxylation positions was identified as C-16. Phase II metabolism in the form of glucuronide formation was also common. These steroids will provide target compounds for confirming abuse of this drug in the horse.
The metabolism of the orally active anabolic steroid methyltestosterone in the equine was investigated by administration of the drug along with a tritiated radiolabel tracer. In this study some of the metabolites were identified and a radio immunoassay screen and immunoaffinity chromatography gel for methyltestosterone were also evaluated. Pathway intermediates, in particular the 17-methylandrostanediols, were studied to gain an insight into the most likely stereochemistry of the major metabolites. The predominant phase I biotransformations involve reduction of the A ring 3-oxo and 4-ene groups to yield predominantly 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstane products and hydroxylation of the steroid nucleus at several positions. Epimerisation of the 17 alpha-methyl group also occurred. Ten steroids could be positively identified by comparison with authentic reference materials and many other triol, tetrol and pentols were also observed. Phase II metabolites and sulphate conjugates in particular, were common.
A normal-phase HPLC method combined with particle-beam mass spectrometry (PB-MS) was developed for the analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The forty one NSAIDs analysed responded in one or more (electron impact, positive and negative chemical ionisation) modes and highly characteristic spectra were produced. A mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for isolating acidic NSAIDs was developed using the Bond Elut Certify II cartridge. The average recovery was 88.5%. Flunixin, extracted by SPE from urine of a mare to which the meglumine salt had been administered was positively identified by HPLC-PB-MS and HPLC-atmospheric pressure ionization (API) MS methods.
Trideuteriomethylated and methylated derivatives of the capsular polysaccharide of Escherichia coli K57 were partially cleaved by Et3SiH, using Me3SiOSO2 Me and Me3SiOSO2CF3 as catalysts, to produce oligosaccharide-anhydroalditols. The structures of the trideuteriomethylated trisaccharide- and tetrasaccharide-anhydroalditols isolated were established by FABMS and NMR spectroscopy. Although conditions for the selective production of the tetrasaccharide-anhydroalditol could not be established, oligosaccharide-anhydroalditols were isolated in sufficiently high yield to make this an attractive approach for the structural elucidation of the repeating units of bacterial polysaccharides.
A comparison of the sensitive analytical methods of radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) combined with gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry for the specific and reliable screening of dexamethasone in equine post-race urine is presented. Results from analyses of samples collected from a mare during 144 hours post administration of 26 mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate are described.
Immunoaffinity chromatography using a synthesised immunosorbent was used to extract tritiated dexamethasone (with dexamethasone carrier) from equine urine at a recovery of 81.7 +/- 8.4% (mean +/- S.D.). A method utilising this procedure coupled to cool on-column injection gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry is also described for the confirmation of low levels of flumethasone in equine urine samples.
This article reports the 4- and 5-year follow-up results of evaluating the effects of a marital distress prevention program. The program, Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP), is a 5-session program designed to teach couples effective communication and conflict management skills. At the 5-year follow-up, intervention, as compared with control, couples had higher levels of positive and lower levels of negative communication skills and lower levels of marital violence. Data are also presented on couples who declined the program. Issues are discussed concerning selection effects, change mechanisms, and future directions for prevention research.
The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O8:K87:H19 was investigated by methylation analysis and by one- and two-dimensional 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The repeating unit was shown to be a branched pentasaccharide with the structure (formula; see text)
The primary structure of the acidic capsular polysaccharide of Escherichia coli K57 was elucidated by methylation analysis and 1D- and 2D-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The repeating unit was identified as a linear tetrasaccharide having the structure shown. ----2)-beta-D-Ribf-(1----4)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-( 1----4)-alpha - D-GalpA-(1----.
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The structure of the repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli serotype K36 has been established from the results of spectroscopic and chemical analyses of (a) P1, the tetrasaccharide obtained on depolymerisation of the polysaccharide with a bacteriophage-borne endo-galactosidase, (b) P1-alditol, and (c) the original polysaccharide. The repeating unit, which is identical to that reported for Klebsiella K57, has the following structure. (Formula: see text).
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Four gray fox became anorectic and developed diarrhea. Their condition worsened until death. Diagnosis of Tyzzer's disease was made on the basis of clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, and the demonstration of Bacillus piliformis in the liver.