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Biomedical subjects

S M Turner

Publications and source records attributed to S M Turner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Controlled prospective trial of wound management in elective hand surgery.

A total of 33 consecutive patients undergoing elective hand operations were randomly allocated 5 days after the operation either to have all dressings discarded or to continue with an occlusive bandage for a further 2 weeks. Assessments at 2 and 6 weeks showed that wound healing, hand function, symptoms and complications were identical in both groups. It was concluded that for selected patients early removal of hand dressings after surgery does not have any deleterious effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Social phobia: Axis I and II correlates.

The presence of Axis I and Axis II disorders in 71 social phobic patients was examined. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most common secondary Axis I disorder, followed by simple phobia. Avoidant personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder were the most common Axis II diagnoses, and 88% of the sample exhibited features of these 2 personality styles. Subjects with additional Axis I diagnoses were more anxious and depressed than those with no additional Axis I disorder. Social phobics with additional Axis II disorders were more depressed but not more anxious than those with no Axis II diagnosis. Furthermore, those with an additional Axis I disorder had higher scores on measures of neuroticism, interpersonal sensitivity, and agoraphobia. The prevalence and impact of additional Axis I and II disorders on the etiology, maintenance, and treatment outcome for persons with social phobia are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Anxiety disorders research with African Americans: current status.

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders in the general population of the United States. Recent findings indicate that the prevalence of certain anxiety disorders may be higher in African Americans. In addition, anxiety disorders in African Americans may be manifested differently. Despite the high prevalence and the suggestion of different patterns of manifestation, a paucity of research exists on anxiety disorders in this population. This may be due in part to the pattern of help-seeking behavior among African Americans, a negative perception of research by members of this community, the small number of African American researchers, and perhaps to some extent a general disinterest on the part of researchers. The available research on anxiety disorders in African Americans is critically reviewed, the need for research in the area is highlighted, and ways to facilitate such research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Social phobia: relationship to shyness.

The characteristics of social phobia and shyness were compared on six dimensions: somatic features, cognitive characteristics, behavioral responses, daily functioning, clinical course, and onset characteristics. The results revealed that shyness and social phobia have a number of similar features. However, as currently conceptualized, the two syndromes differ in a number of important aspects as well. Definitive distinctions are hampered by the lack of empirical studies directing comparing the two conditions and by the heterogeneity of the shy population. Recommendations for clarifying some of the ambiguities are made.

Arousal↗
PubMed1989

Is panic a unique emotional experience?

The establishment of Panic Disorder (PD) as a distinct diagnostic category stems largely from the conceptualization of panic as a phenomenon qualitatively different from severe levels of anxiety. The current study utilized patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as comparison groups to examine the validity of this conceptualization. Seventeen PD, 29 OCD, and 12 GAD patients completed self-report inventories from which a panic factor was derived. Controlling for level of overall anxiety, the total panic factor was rated significantly higher by the PD group. A cluster of symptoms emerged which differentiated the PD group from the other two groups. The panic items and total score were correlated with total levels of state and trait anxiety but correlations were generally low, accounting for a limited amount of the total variance. Results were interpreted as providing only equivocal support for viewing panic as a separate dimension apart from high levels of general anxiety. A discussion of conceptual issues is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory: concurrent validity with a clinic sample.

The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) is an empirically derived self-report inventory developed as a specific measure of social phobia. The current investigation included two studies. The first examined the correlation of the SPAI with daily social behavior of a clinic sample of social phobics. The results indicated that the SPAI provides a reasonable indication of the distress experienced during daily social encounters in three dimensions: behavior, cognitions, and overall distress. The second study examined the validity of the SPAI with reference to the somatic response and avoidance behavior of social phobics. The results indicated that the somatic items of the SPAI are related to the somatic response of social phobics and that performance on the SPAI is associated with avoidance behavior in an anxiety-producing task.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effect of ultrasound on the healing of repaired cockerel tendon: is collagen cross-linkage a factor?

The acid solubility of the collagen of cockerel tendon demonstrates a similar degree of intermolecular acid-labile cross-linkage to that found in adult human tendon, implying similar maturity of the collagen. By contrast, rabbit tendon collagen demonstrates a dissimilar degree of cross-linkage suggesting immaturity of the collagen. Since this cross-linkage is likely to be related to mechanical properties, the cockerel may well be a better animal model than the rabbit for the study of tendon healing. The application of ultrasound to sutured cockerel tendons produced no change in the mechanical strength of the tendon at six weeks, or its propensity to form adhesions, relative to untreated control sutured tendons. This contrasts with the decrease in strength after ultrasound found by previous workers using rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comment on Holloway and McNally's (1987) "Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity on the Response to Hyperventilation".

Holloway and McNally (1987) found that normals with high scores on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), an instrument developed to assess beliefs regarding the adverse consequences of anxiety, reported more anxiety and more frequent and intense somatic sensations following hyperventilation than did normals with low scores on the ASI. They concluded that this result provides support for the construct validity of the ASI and thus for the construct of anxiety sensitivity. Nevertheless, we argue that (a) the developers of the ASI have conflated beliefs regarding the adverse consequences of anxiety with fear of these consequences, (b) the accumulated evidence for the construct validity of the ASI is weak, and (c) Holloway and McNally's design and analyses do not permit them to exclude the more parsimonious explanation that trait anxiety accounts for their findings. Implications for research on anxiety sensitivity are discussed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1989

Disparate urinary catecholamine patterns in secondary hypertension due to unique sequential development of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma.

A 43-year-old white woman had a pheochromocytoma removed from her left adrenal gland, and one year later she developed a new left upper abdominal mass that was found to be a neuroblastoma. On both occasions, urinary vanillylmandelic acid level was elevated. However, urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were increased only during the pheochromocytoma episode, while the urinary homovanillic acid level was elevated only when neuroblastoma developed. Despite a high suspicion of pheochromocytoma recurrence, the urinary catecholamine profile was suggestive of neuroblastoma, which was revealed by histopathologic analysis of the tumor tissue.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Comorbidity of test anxiety and other anxiety disorders in children.

Elementary school children with clinically significant test anxiety, as determined by self-report and a clinical interview, were assessed for the incidence of other fears and anxiety. The results indicated that test-anxious children reported more fears and general worries than their non-test-anxious peers. As expected, the test-anxious children experienced more negative cognitions and subjective distress when taking a test. Furthermore, the fear of negative evaluation was not limited to an actual test, since these children also reported identical symptoms when engaged in a second social-evaluative task. Finally, 60% of the test-anxious sample met DSM-III criteria for an anxiety disorder. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship of text anxiety to more complex social-evaluative dysfunctions, more pervasive anxiety conditions, DSM-III anxiety disorders, and the utility of test anxiety as an indicator of the presence of these more pervasive anxiety states.

Achievement↗
PubMed1987

Spontaneous exposure and "self-control" in the treatment of compulsive checking.

This case study describes a treatment developed for an obsessional patient for whom neither in vivo nor verbal exposure was effective in eliciting obsessional thinking. The treatment consisted of increasingly more strict temporal parameters the patient was to impose when obsessional thoughts spontaneously occurred. These parameters stipulated the amount of time he was to wait between the occurrence of obsessional thoughts and compulsive checking, and the amount of time he was to spend checking. Over a period of several months, these self-imposed temporal parameters were effective in completely eliminating persistent and intractable obsessional thinking of 11 years' duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Antibodies to collagen types I-VI in Dupuytren's contracture.

Sera from 16 patients with Dupuytren's contracture were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies to native and denatured human collagen types I, II, III, IV, V and VI. IgG antibody to at least one collagen type was found in 11/16 (69%) of these patients, compared with 27/96 (28%) normal adult blood donor controls. The prevalence of antibody to denatured type II collagen was raised, and although there was no overall increase in HLA-DR4 compared with a control population, this antibody was associated with HLA-DR4 in this patient group.

Collagen↗