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Biomedical subjects

S M Turner

Publications and source records attributed to S M Turner.

101 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Schizotypal features in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study examined the prevalence and nature of schizotypal features in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although this symptom pattern has been related retrospectively to treatment resistance, no prospective data have addressed such an hypothesis. This study sets the stage for further work in this arena by prospectively identifying and characterizing a schizotypal subset of OCD patients. Twenty-eight percent of the sample had schizotypal features, although only 8% met criteria for schizotypal personality disorder. Social-evaluative concerns and psychotic-like symptoms characterized this subgroup. Schizotypal patients did not differ from nonschizotypes with regard to anxiety, depressive, or obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Déjà vu all over again: critical misunderstandings concerning anxiety sensitivity and constructive suggestions for future research.

The debate concerning the relation between anxiety sensitivity (AS) and trait anxiety has been constructive for the field and has suggested a number of important directions for future research. Reiss' (1997) commentary on AS and trait anxiety in this journal, however, contains several serious factual mis-statements and logical errors that confuse, rather than clarify, many of the central issues in this debate. These misunderstandings are corrected and the implications of the issues raised by Reiss are addressed here. The authors suggest that future research on AS (a) embed this construct within the context of broader temperamental and personality variables and (b) explicitly recognize the biodirectionality of emotional and cognitive influences.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-reported symptoms of social anxiety in a sample of combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-reported levels of social anxiety among combat veterans was assessed using the Social Phobia and Anxiety inventory (SPAI). Participants were 45 veterans with combat-related PTSD assessed using a multimeasure assessment package. The veterans reported a high level of social anxiety and agoraphobia-like symptoms. Agoraphobia scores were predicted by PTSD severity and elevated by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) scales of acute distress and psychopathology. Social phobia scores were predicted by severity of depression. The relationship between social anxiety, depression, and PTSD is discussed. Implications for the assessment and treatment of PTSD are also discussed.

Agoraphobia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface dependence: a balance control strategy in panic disorder with agoraphobia.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have reported vestibular dysfunction and impaired balance in patients with agoraphobia. Vestibular dysfunction may lead to an information processing strategy focusing on spatial stimuli from two nonvestibular sensory channels, vision and proprioception. This nonvestibular balance control strategy may in turn lead to discomfort in situations involving inadequate visual or proprioceptive spatial cues (space and motion discomfort). The objective of this study was to examine sensory integration of spatial information in agoraphobia. Because of previous findings that space and motion discomfort and vestibular dysfunction are common in agoraphobia, we hypothesized that agoraphobics would use a nonvestibular balance control strategy. METHOD: Using computerized dynamic posturography, we examined balance performance in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia, uncomplicated panic disorder, nonpanic anxiety disorders, and depression without anxiety, as well as healthy subjects for comparison. The posturography procedure included six sensory conditions in which visual and proprioceptive balance information was manipulated experimentally by permutations of sway-referencing the support surface or the visual surround or by having patients close their eyes. RESULTS: The agoraphobics had impaired balance when proprioceptive balance information was minimized by sway-referencing the support surface (p < 0.02). This pattern, called surface dependence, tended to be more pronounced in agoraphobics who reported space and motion discomfort, including fear of heights or boats. CONCLUSION: Agoraphobics rely on proprioceptive cues for maintenance of upright balance. This strategy may lead to intolerance of situations characterized by unstable support.

Adult↗