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Biomedical subjects

S Márquez Calderón

Publications and source records attributed to S Márquez Calderón.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Preventive activities in primary health care: identifying the agreement among evidence-based guidelines].

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this article is to identify the agreement among evidence-based guidelines about recommendations on preventive activities in low risk adults. METHODS: For which we identified, from the 1996 US Task Force on Preventive Services Guide those preventives activities classified like A or B (recommendation in favour of provision) and like D or E (recommendation against provision), excepting those D and E recommendations based on descriptives studies or expert opinions. Both preventive activities aimed at pregnant women and children and those which are not applicable to our context were excluded. Selected preventive services were compared with the range of age, sex and periodicity in which agreement with the recommendations of American College of Physicians and Canadian Task Force on Preventive Services existed. RESULTS: We found the following agreements. Screening activities. In favour: screening for hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, uterine cervix cancer, rubella, visual and hearing impairment and problem drinking. Against: cancer of prostate, lung, bladder and thyroid, and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Counseling activities. In favour: smoking, motor-vehicles injuries, alcohol consumption, unintended pregnancy. Immunizations and quimioprophylaxis. In favour: Vaccines for influenza, tetanus-diphtheria, hepatitis B and measles-mumps-rubella. Postexposure prophylaxis to hepatitis A, hepatitis B, meningococcal, rabies and tetanus. CONCLUSIONS: We see then, that a high degree in agreement among the main guidelines exists; about the preventive activities to perform in Primary Health Services, nevertheless we observed low fulfillment of certain preventive activities in Primary Health Services, different barriers for the accomplishment from these activities were described.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of the presentation of results from clinical trials on the intention to prescribing: relativity of the relative risk].

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the methods of reporting results of clinical trials affects the physician views on prescribing. DESIGN: Analysis of responses, from a convenience sample of primary care physicians, of one teaching exercise on prescribing intention which showed 5 different methods of reporting results: relative risk reduction (RRR), absolute risk reduction, the percent of event free patients, the number needed to treat (NNT) and RRR and mortality. SETTING: Curses of clinical management in Valencia and Barcelona. RESULTS: The willingness to prescribe was significantly influenced by the way in which data were presented, being major when they were showed as RRR and minor when mortality was added. CONCLUSIONS: The method of reporting trial results has an important influence on the prescribing intention. The reporting of clinical trial results, and their abstracts or citations, should be include the NNT and negative results, for avoiding a subjective bias of treatment effect magnification.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1996

[Satisfaction of parents of children undergoing outpatient surgery].

BASIS: The objectives of the study are: 1. Know the grade of satisfaction of the parents of children operated in a program of surgery without admission (CSI). 2. Compare it with another program of surgery with admission (CCI). 3. Know the outputs of reentry and complications of both programs. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 95 children were operated in a program of CSI. They were elected 95 children operated with CCI of similar characteristic. A questionnaire in a type Likert scale was sent for mail to the parents to value diverse looks of the satisfaction: Information, deal, perceived control, security, hostelry and global satisfaction. The questionnaire also picked up social-demographics and cultural data. OUTPUTS: The rate of the answer was from the 83% in the program of CSI and 82% in the CCI. The global satisfaction was over 90% in both programs. They met differences significant in the sensation of insecurity, more frequent in the parents of children operated with CSI (30%) that with CCI (11%). The reentry and complications rate of the evaluated program are similar to other programs of CSI.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1995

[Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in the elderly. A critical review of the bibliography].

BACKGROUND: The acceptance of influenza vaccine has been slow as doubts about its effectiveness persist. The goal of this study is to review the existing evidence on influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations in non institutionalized elderly. METHODS: We have conducted a search in MEDLINE, including a period between 1984 and 1994, and of cross references, between 1980 and 1994. Twelve studies have been identified and valued independently by the authors. The results are combined through a graphic representation and the quantitative method proposed by Woolf. RESULTS: Four studies have been excluded; two, because they did not satisfy the comparability principle; one, because it was a publication already published; and one because of small numbers. According to the graphic method, influenza vaccine prevents between 29 and 51 percent of pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations in the non institutionalized elderly. When results are integrated by the quantitative method, the odds ratio is 0.63 (CI 95%, 0.54 to 0.72). The percentage of pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations prevented by the influenza vaccine equals 37.40% (CI 95%, 27.81% to 45.72%) in the vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS: The annual influenza immunization of those 65 years old or older is an effective primary prevention strategy.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Description of the development of a new model of primary care in the community of Valencia].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the new model of primary care (NMPC) had been introduced and developed in the Community of Valencia by means of an assessment of the structure, procedures and results attained by the primary care teams (PCT). DESIGN: An observation study of a crossover type. SETTING: Primary health care. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 70 health centres in the Valencia Community were studied. The criteria for inclusion in the study were that the centre should have been open for at least two years on March 1st 1991 and/or had the accreditation (or had requested it) to teach family and community medicine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 51 indicators were applied. These evaluated the seven fundamental attributes which make up the theoretical model: accessibility, integrated care, programmed performance, ongoing care, team work, community involvement and research and teaching. Of these seven primary care attributes, the highest valued were geographical accessibility and ongoing care; and those which needed to be strengthened, non-geographical accessibility and integrated care. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the results obtained makes us reflect on the model of primary care which can be developed in our environment, with peoples' real needs and the resources available being borne in mind.

Cross-Over Studies↗
PubMed1990

[Incidence of diarrhea among groups of children in the city of Seville].

We studied prospectively the cases of diarrhoea that were produced during one year of follow-up in three groups of children (31 newborn, 62 of 1 year and 51 of 2 years) selected randomly from the Civil Register of Sevilla. The incidence of diarrhoea was 47 episodes for every 100 children per year, with a peak of higher incidence detected in July and August. Diarrhoea was more frequent in children of low socioeconomic level. The most common producers of diarrhoea were rotavirus (30%) and enteropathogenic E. coli (12%). The most frequent accompanying symptoms of diarrhoea were anorexia (68%), fever (35%), abdominal pain (32%) and vomiting (30%).

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social inequities and food: an ecological study of the food sales of a supermarket chain].

With the aim of finding out the pattern of food consumption in different socioeconomic areas of the city of Valencia and examining if the sales data from the supermarkets make up an information source which is capable of detecting inequalities and revealing trends, the sales figures of a chain of supermarkets, referring to 10 food products during 1989 and 1990 were studied. Foods were considered as "healthier" (fruit, vegetables, skimmed milk, fresh fish and chicken), "less healthy" (pork, butter and cakes) and foods indicative of a "new style of eating" (pre-cooked frozen foods and frozen food products). The ratio of between "healthier" food sales and sales of "less healthy" foods is directly related to the socio-economic level of the population. The higher the socioeconomic level, the higher, the ratio of proportions of "healthier" and less healthy" food. This pattern was similar for 1989 (2.78 in lower level districts and 3.32 in higher level districts, and in 1990 (2.92 and 4.09 respectively) (p < 0.01). From these results, we deduce the need for developing different activities for the promotion of healthy foods according to social groups.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Health and social services: needs, preferences and their use by the elderly following hospitalization].

BACKGROUND: Many processes behind the admission to hospital of elderly people can lead to a deterioration in their health at the time of discharge. The aims of the study are to assess the dependency on and need for socio-health care required by elderly people aged over 64 when discharged from a hospital for acute cases, the help that patients prefer and the help that they actually receive one month following their discharge. METHODS: A total of 193 patients aged over 64 and admitted to a hospital in Valencia between February and April 1994 were studied. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, self-care capacity, mental state, main diagnosis and co-morbidity was obtained by means of an interview at the time of admission and the medical record. A multidisciplinary team evaluated the socio-health care required in each case. A second interview, one month after discharge from hospital, gathered data on the actual care received. RESULTS: At the time of admission, 17% of the patients needed partial care and 21% full care. 23% were candidates for receiving home help, 9% to be treated as out-patients and 6% in a chronic illness hospital. Most of the patients asked to live at home. One month after discharge from hospital, only 2% of patients were receiving home help, none were being treated as out-patients or in a chronic illness hospital and 3% had once again admitted to a hospital for acute cases. 8% of the patients who were living at home alone before being admitted to hospital and 5% of those who were living with someone else had gone to live with relatives. CONCLUSIONS: The reality observed reflects the lack of socio-health resources. In many cases, this situation leads families to take on the care of the elderly themselves.

Aged↗