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Biomedical subjects

S Müller

Publications and source records attributed to S Müller.

628 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytokine expression of HIV-infected monocytes/macrophages at the single-cell level.

Monocytes of healthy donors were infected with HIV1 in vitro: 14-21 days after infection 50-70% of the cells produced p24 HIV1 antigen as detected with anti-p24 immunostaining; infected cultures showed enhanced secretion of interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The expression of cytokines on the single-cell level was further analysed by in situ hybridization using nonradioactive digoxigenin for detection. HIV1 (p24+) -producing cells were compared with non-HIV (p24-) -producing cells. All morphological subtypes of macrophages showed HIV production; no difference in cytokine expression was observed. Immunocytochemistry of HIV-infected and uninfected cultures also showed no difference in the pattern of IL1-beta, IL6, IL8 and TNF-alpha protein expression in the cells.

Cytokines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dynamics of the content of ammonia and volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid during the use of dry feed rations in the cow].

The development of the pH-value, the molar quota of volatile fatty acids and of the NH3 content in the change from silage rations to dried rations on the basis of pelleted feed and in dependence on the time after the beginning of feeding was tested in studies of the rumen fluid of four cows in order to explain the causes of the very low NH3 content of the rumen fluid in feeding experiments with rations based on pelleted straw-concentrate mixtures. An influence of the ration type and the time after the beginning of feeding on the molar quota of the individual volatile fatty acids and the NH3 content was ascertained. The ration type tested can cause an NH3 content in the rumen fluid below 1 mmol/l.

Ammonia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Y-specific SSLP of the locus DYS19 in four different European samples.

The Y-Specific Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism (SSLP) of the locus DYS19 was investigated in two Slovakian samples--Bratislava and Medzev--and in two German samples--Bremen and Hannover. The allele frequencies show a significant difference between the Slovakian and German samples.

Alleles↗
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Preliminary report: evaluation of three-dimensional echocardiographic volumetry by simultaneous thermal dilution in coronary heart disease.

In 12 patients with coronary heart disease, the end-systolic and end-diastolic left-ventricular volumes were measured employing three-dimensional echocardiography. Cardiac output (COe) and stroke volume (SVe) were calculated and correlation with simultaneous thermal dilution measurements (COth, SVth) was performed. In 9 subjects the variability between the mean heart rate and the heart rate at any given time was found to be < 10% (observer 1:SVe vs. SVth r = 0.78, p < 0.01, COe vs. COth r = 0.86, p < 0.01 and in 9 cases with steady heart rate SVe vs. SVth r = 0.95, p < 0.01; observer 2:SVe vs. SVth r = 0.78, p < 0.01, COe vs. COth r = 0.77, p < 0.01 and in 9 cases with steady heart rate SVe vs. SVth r = 0.93, p < 0.01). Using the new bedside approach three-dimensional imaging and volumetry becomes possible by means of one examination.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro characterization of antithrombin III concentrates--a single-blind study.

Twenty-three lots of five antithrombin III (AT III) concentrates from four manufacturers were analyzed in a single-blind study. All the preparations had been virus-inactivated by pasteurization, and one concentrate had also been treated with solvent/detergent (S/D). AT III activities were determined using two thrombin-based and one factor Xa-based chromogenic substrate assays. AT III antigen was measured by kinetic nephelometry. All AT III assays were tested against the first international reference preparation coded 72/1. In addition, AT III was characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of heparin and by gel filtration. The following were quantified: heparin cofactor II activity and antigen content, heparin activity, thrombin-AT III complexes, AT III-protease complexes, total protein, albumin, immunoglobulins, glucose and pH. The AT III concentrates differed markedly in terms of their purity and potency. The specific activities of AT III and the ratios of AT III activity to antigen content ranged from 3.4 to 6.9 and from 0.63 to 0.84, respectively. The highest values were found in five lots of the concentrate that had been treated by both pasteurization and S/D. This preparation was the only one that was virtually free of denaturated AT III, as judged by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Marked batch-to-batch variation in AT III potencies was found in two out of the five preparations analyzed. In two out of five lots from one manufacturer, the measured potencies were more than 10% lower than the declared potencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Esophageal manometry: equipment cleaning and disinfection with glutaraldehyde].

BACKGROUND: Many publications have emphasized the need of proper cleaning, disinfection and sterilization process for reused materials intended to prevent cross infections. As the endoscope the esophageal manometry catheters are considered as semicritical materials and must be free of microrganisms. AIM: To standardize the esophageal manometry materials cleaning and disinfection process to guarantee the safety of patients when reusing semicritical materials. It was based on international protocols and according to recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Commission of the "Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre", Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enzymatic detergent was used for catheter cleaning, followed by immersion with 2% glutaraldehyde solution during 20 minutes for high-level disinfection. The water reservatory was kept clean and dry to prevent microorganisms proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: The high level disinfection with 2% glutaraldehyde, preceded by enzymatic detergent cleaning, is a safe and simple technique that avoids cross infection in the esophageal manometry equipment. This care must be taken after each manometric procedure. The transducers must be resterilized in ethylene oxide. The professionals of this area must work in concordance with the Hospital Infection Control Commission, being acquainted with the country laws and regulations and keeping sterilizing process and materials updated.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Recording muscle spasm in the musculus erector spinae using in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with chronic lumbalgia and generalized tendomyopathies].

Using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, the following parameters were determined in the resting musculus erector spinae of five patients suffering from chronic low back pain, five patients with fibromyalgia, and five healthy controls: Inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr), ATP gamma, ATP alpha, ATP beta. The intracellular pH was derived from the chemical shift of Pi referenced to the PCr resonance. In addition, the Pi-Index was calculated according to the formula: Pi/(Pi + PCr). We discovered a tendency towards a shift of the Pi resonance in the alcalic direction, which was the larger, the stronger muscle spasm was found on palpation. The pH showed the most reliable relationship to the clinical status of muscle spasm. The surprising finding that there is no acidification within the spasmed muscle indicates that generalized hypoxia does not exist in this tissue. This has already been shown with PO2 measurements. An intracellular acidification is only recorded during maximal isometric contraction. Thus, ischemia cannot be responsible for pain experienced during muscle spasm.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[RNA synthesis by T7 RNA polymerase supported primer extension].

Transcription of RNA molecules from synthetic DNA templates with T7 RNA polymerase is a common procedure for the preparation of long RNA molecules. However, enzymatic synthesis does not allow for site-specific incorporation of modified nucleotides. RNA synthesis by chemical methods on the other side can satisfy this purpose, but it is limited to RNA fragments of about 80 nucleotides at maximum. We aimed to combine both chemical and enzymatic procedures to synthesise RNA molecules by RNA primed transcription with T7 RNA polymerase. To this end we have chemically synthesised a fluorescein labelled RNA primer and studied elongation of this primer by T7 RNA polymerase on a single-stranded DNA template. We show that the enzyme is capable of extending the primer to the full-length product. The 34-mer RNA that has been synthesised by RNA primed transcription served as substrate for a twin ribozyme and was successfully cleaved in the expected manner.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a sensitive and specific 14C-serotonin release assay for platelet-activating factor (PAF) in human neutrophils.

A modified, sensitive and specific serotonin release assay has been developed for the routine determination of PAF in human neutrophils. PAF-mediated release of the serotonin from rabbit platelets served as the principle of the bioassay. Prior to the assay, the sample containing PAF underwent a three-step extraction and purification process, namely Bligh and Dyer extraction, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification and an additional post-HPLC Bligh and Dyer extraction. The overall recovery after the three-step extraction and purification process was never less than 70%. Rabbit platelets were labeled with 14C-serotonin and gel-filtered on Sephadex CL-2B column before using for the PAF assay. A standard curve was prepared for the serotonin release with known amounts of PAF between 10 and 1000 fmol. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 fmol/tube, which still caused approximately 5% of the maximum serotonin release. Our method is simple, accurate, sensitive and rapid for routine measurements of PAF in human neutrophils.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevated plasma levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in breast cancer patients with hypercalcemia.

Peripheral plasma concentrations of PAF were measured in patients with benign and malignant tumors of the breast, and in healthy female controls with a very sensitive PAF assay. The mean values +/- SEM were significantly higher in the malignant group than in healthy controls (1070 +/- 111 fmol/ml vs. 142 +/- 12 fmol/ml, P less than 0.01) and patients with benign tumors of the breast (1070 +/- 111 fmol/ml vs. 208 +/- 16 fmol/ml). Patients with malignant tumors of the breast and hypercalcemia contributed predominantly to the higher values of PAF (1500 +/- 167 fmol/l). The high levels of PAF were not found to be correlated to the clinical and histopathological data. The surgical removal of the tumor had little effect on the plasma concentration of PAF. In contrast, hypercalcemic patients showed an increase, although not significant, in plasma PAF levels after the surgical operation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemozoin differentially modulates the production of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor in murine malaria.

When murine peritoneal macrophages were loaded in vitro with Plasmodium vinckei hemozoin and stimulated for 24 hours with interferon-gamma and/or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was drastically reduced, whereas the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was increased. In addition, non-radioactive in situ hybridizations in spleen sections of P. vinckei infected mice showed more TNF than IL-6 gene expression in the red pulp around hemozoin accumulation. These results provide evidence that IL-6 and TNF are differentially modulated by hemozoin and that subsequently, the secretion of IL-6 seems to be independent of the TNF production during murine malaria.

Animals↗