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Biomedical subjects

S Machida

Publications and source records attributed to S Machida.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of retinal light damage in aphakic chicken eyes using monochromatic ERGs].

We evaluated light damage to cones using monochromatic electroretinograms (ERGs) in lensectomized chicken eyes. During exposure of the retina to light to produce light damage, an ultraviolet-absorbing (UV) filter was placed in front of some eyes (non-UV irradiated group) and not placed in front of others (UV irradiated group). Blue cone and red cone ERGs were recorded from the UV irradiated group before and at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 days after the damage, and from the non-UV irradiated group before and at 1 day after the light exposure. From the ERG.b-wave amplitudes, spectral sensitivities of the blue and red cones were obtained. The blue cone sensitivity of the UV irradiated group was significantly attenuated compared with the non-UV irradiated group (p < 0.01), but recovered between 5 and 15 days after the damage. The present study suggested that the blue cones are more susceptible to light stress than the red cones and that this degree of blue cone damage is reversible. Ultraviolet rays seem to be mainly responsible for light damage to the blue cones.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Purification and characterization of membrane-bound chitin synthase.

The membrane-bound chitin synthase, a key enzyme of chitin biosynthesis, was purified, for the first time to homogeneity as a zymogen form. Digitonin could solubilize the enzyme from microsomal fraction of the filamentous fungus Absidia glauca, with 60-70% of the enzyme activity. The solubilized form of the enzyme was effectively purified by a sequence of chelating Sepharose, concanavalin A-Sepharose, and Mono Q column. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified enzyme gave a single band with a molecular weight of 30,000. IgG prepared against this 30-kDa species on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoprecipitated chitin synthase. The purified enzyme existed as a zymogen, was converted into active form by treatment with trypsin, and the limited digestion with trypsin produced a little smaller polypeptide (28.5 kDa) of which the amino-terminal sequence was identical to the zymogen. The purified enzyme was the glycoprotein and showed a requirement for Mg2+. N-Acetylglucosamine stimulated the enzyme activity approximately 5-fold and polyoxin D, an analogue of substrate, and UDP, a byproduct of enzyme reaction, strongly inhibited the enzyme activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Capillary-zone electrophoretic analyses of the proteins and amino acid components in cerebrospinal fluid of central nervous system diseases.

Analysis systems for protein and amino acid components in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases were established employing capillary-zone electrophoresis (CZE). Under the conditions employed, the major proteins in CSF and the concurrent sera were separated into several respective fractions, and in the obtained electropherograms of serum proteins, the % values of areas of each major protein fraction (from gamma-globulin to albumin) were in close accord with those in the densitograms of stained protein bands after electrophoresis on cellulose-acetate strips which had been done as a routine laboratory test in the hospital. Some unusual migration patterns of major proteins were observed in various CNS diseases, and an increase of glutamine in hepatic encephalitis was also detected on the electropherograms. A peak responsible for a minor protein component with the molecular weight of 10000--30000, which was tentatively identified as beta-trace protein, was found to be contained in all the CSF samples examined, and its concentration levels were higher in some patients with cerebral infarction and multiple sclerosis. These results suggest that CZE can become a powerful aid in analyses of the protein and amino acid components in CSF for biochemical diagnosis of CNS diseases.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

[Color sensation of pseudophakic eye from a viewpoint of electrophysiological study].

Monochromatic ERG b-waves were recorded in normal eyes, cataractous eyes and pseudophakic eyes implanted with non-UV or UV IOLs. ERG b-waves were elicited by fourteen monochromatic stimulus lights ranging from 400 to 660 nm under white light adaptation, and spectral response curves were obtained from b-wave amplitudes. Compared with normal eyes or cataractous eyes, the relative b-wave amplitude of pseudophakic eyes was significantly larger in the short wavelength range from blue to green. Except for 400 nm, the spectral response curve of the eyes implanted with UV IOLs was similar to that of eyes implanted with non-UV IOLs. These results suggested that dyschromatopsia might not only occur in eyes implanted with non-UV IOLs but in eyes with UV IOLs.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of continuous epidural infusion of morphine on postoperative glucose metabolism].

Plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin, prolactin and blood glucose levels were measured to evaluate postoperative pain relief either with epidural morphine or systemic analgesics in 16 patients who underwent gastrectomy. Continuous epidural morphine with a pump (CADD-PCA, Model 5200P, Pharmacia) was given to eight (epidural morphine group) patients. A bolus of epidural morphine was administered through an indwelling thoracic (Th8.9) catheter at 3 hrs prior to the expected end of surgery, which was followed with continuous epidural infusion of morphine at a rate of 0.167-0.042 mg.hr-1 with the pump during and after anesthesia and surgery with gradually decreasing dose until the third postoperative day. The remaining eight patients (systemic analgesics group) repeatedly received intravenous or intramuscular pentazocine and buprenorphine when needed. Plasma GH levels increased significantly only on the first postoperative day in both groups. Plasma insulin levels increased significantly on the first postoperative day in both groups. Blood glucose levels increased significantly at the end of surgery and during the following three postoperative days in both groups. There are no statistical differences in plasma GH, insulin and blood glucose levels between the two groups. Plasma prolactin concentrations increased significantly at the end of surgery and they were significantly higher in the systemic analgesic group than in the epidural morphine group. They, however, returned to the previous day's levels on the first postoperative day in both groups. Our study suggests that continuous epidural infusion of morphine has no suppressing effect on postoperative changes in plasma GH, insulin, prolactin and blood glucose levels as compared with systemic analgesic regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Plasma catecholamine levels following continuous epidural infusion of morphine for postoperative analgesia in surgical patients].

Plasma catecholamine levels were measured to evaluate postoperative pain relief either with epidural morphine or systemic analgesics in sixteen patients who underwent gastrectomy. Eight patients (epidural morphine group) obtained postoperative analgesia with continuous epidural morphine with a pump (CADD-PCA, Model 5200P, Pharmacia). A bolus of morphine was administered through an indwelling thoracic (Th8 X 9) epidural catheter 3 hrs prior to the proposed end of the surgery, which was followed with continuous epidural infusion of morphine at a rate of 0.167-0.042mg.hr-1 by the pump during and after anesthesia and surgery with gradual decrease in dose until the third postoperative day. The remaining eight patients (systemic analgesics group) received repeatedly intravenous or intramuscular pentazocine and buprenorphine when needed. Plasma epinephrine levels increased significantly at the end of surgery in both groups, and were higher in the systemic analgesics group than those in the epidural morphine group. In the epidural morphine group, the catecholamine levels decreased to the previous day's levels on the first postoperative day and afterward, but remained high during three postoperative days in the systemic analgesics group. Plasma norepinephrine levels increased significantly at the end of surgery and afterward in both groups. However, they were significantly higher in the systemic analgesics group than in the epidural morphine group. Plasma dopamine levels were unchanged in the epidural morphine group during the surgical procedures, but they increased significantly on the first postoperative day and thereafter in the systemic analgesics group. Our study suggests that continuous epidural infusion of morphine is adequate for postoperative pain relief and exerts a suppressing effect on plasma catecholamine levels as compared with systemic analgesics regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Dyspnea resulting from accumulation of pleural effusion after radical neck dissection. A case report.

The patient became dyspneic 3 days after radical neck dissection on the left side. A chest radiography showed bilateral pleural effusion.During the operation, a lymphatic leak was noted. In this case, the factor of an associated perforation of the pleural had not been demonstrated. Fresh frozen plasma was administered and positive end-expiratory pressure was applied. The patient had no residual pulmonary sequelae.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of continuous epidural infusion of morphine for postoperative analgesia on pituitary-adrenocortical function].

Plasma levels of cortisol, ACTH and beta-endorphin like immunoreactivity (beta-ELI) were measured to evaluate postoperative pain relief with epidural morphine and systemic analgesics in conjunction with endocrine functions in 16 patients who underwent gastrectomy. Eight of these patients (epidural morphine group) obtained postoperative analgesia with continuous epidural infusion of morphine with a pump as in our previous report. A bolus of epidural morphine was administered through an indwelling thoracic (Th8,9) catheter at 3 hrs prior to the proposed end of the surgery, which was followed with continuous epidural infusion of morphine at a rate of 0.167-0.042 mg.hr-1 with a pump (CADD-PCA, Model 5200P, Pharmacia) during and after anesthesia and surgery with gradual decrease in dose until the third postoperative day. The remaining eight patients (systemic analgesics group) repeatedly received systemic pentazocine and buprenorphine when needed. Plasma cortisol levels increased significantly at the end of surgery and after in both groups. However plasma concentrations of cortisol in the epidural morphine group were significantly lower than those in the systemic analgesics group on the first and second postoperative days. Plasma levels of ACTH and beta-ELI increased significantly at the end of surgery but returned to levels of the previous day in both groups postoperatively. Our study suggests that continuous epidural infusion of morphine is adequate for postoperative pain relief and has suppressing effect on plasma cortisol levels as compared with systemic analgesics regimen.

Adult↗