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S Marketos

Publications and source records attributed to S Marketos.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The penalty of blinding during Byzantine times. Medical remarks.

This paper which is based on the works of Byzantine chroniclers examines the imposition of blinding as a penalty in Byzantium. Punishment by blinding, though of extremely ancient origin, was imposed on Christians in the Roman Empire under the rule of Diocletian (AD 303). This continued up to the time of Constantine the Great and blinding as a penalty reappeared in the Byzantine Empire (AD 705) under the rule of Justinian Rhinotmitos. The writers investigate the grounds for the imposition of the penalty, and the methods employed, and a series of examples are given as handed down by Byzantine chroniclers. Finally, the ethical background of the penalty is examined according to the legislature and common-law extant in Byzantium.

Blindness↗
PubMed1992

The links between the medical school of Padua and the Hellenic medical world.

Between the 15th and 19th centuries the University of Padua attracted a great number of Greek students, who wanted to study medicine. They came not only from Venetian dominions (where the percentage reaches 97% of the students in Italian universities) but also from Turkish-occupied territories of Greece. It is also characteristic that several professors of the School of Medicine and Philosophy of this famous University were Greeks. They were the following ten: giovanni Cottunio, Niccolò Calliachi, Giorgio Calafatti, Tomaso Catani, Simone Stratigo, Giovanni Zografo, Pietro Zografo, Marco Carburi, Pietro Antonio Bondioli, and Angelo Dalla Decima. It is also interesting that most physicians who distinguished themselves as leading personalities in the political and scientific life of Europe had studied at the University of Padua. Five names stand out from among the multitude: Alessandro Mavrocordato (politician and diplomat), Giovanni Capodistria (first governor of Greece), Lazzaro de Mordo (philosopher-physician), Giacomo Pilarino and Emmanuel Timoni (the two discoverers of the smallpox inoculation with pus extracted from a patient suffering from a slight attack of the disease). It is concluded that the close traditional relations between Greece and the Medical School of the Universitiy of Padua were at their strongest during the period from the 15th to the 19th centuries.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1991

Ophthalmological therapy in hospitals (xenones) in Byzantium.

Based on the typikon of the Imperial Monastery of the Pantocrator of Constantinople (12th century) and the manuscripts used in the Byzantine hospitals as well as the published Lives of the Saints and other related sources, it is undeniable that special ophthalmological departments existed in the xenones of Byzantium. It is also proven, that specific ophthalmological therapy was practised here including surgery and particularly in the cataract operation. This last operation is attested to, not only by the medical writings of Byzantine writers but also from the therapies of the physician-saints Cosmas and Damian.

History, Ancient↗
PubMed1990

The links between the medical school of Bologna and the Hellenic medical world.

A significant number of outstanding Greek physicians had had their studies or post graduation courses at the University of Bologna during the period of the 17th-19th century. As a brief outline, six (6) eminent figures should be mentioned: 1. Alexander Mavrocordatos (1641-1709), the outstanding politician and diplomat of his time; 2. John Baptist Charvouris (1722-1804), Professor of the University of Turin and Padova; 3. Marcos Charvouris (1731-1808), Professor of Chemistry at the University of Padova; 4. Angelos Tsoulatis (1732-1798), one of the first scientists to apply the inoculation of smallpox in Greece; 5. John Vilaras (1771-1823), well-known author and poet; 6. Dionisios Pyrros (1777-1853), philosopher and physician, who was the first president of the Medical Society of Athens (1835). Among the great number of significant scientific papers written by the above mentioned authors, the most outstanding is "Pneumaticum instrumentum circulandi sanguinis sive de motu et usu pulmonum (1664) by A. Mavrocordatos, which is believed to be the most important study on the blood circulation after that by W. Harvey's entitled Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanginis in animalibus (1628). It should be concluded, that through educating Greeks at its medical school, many of whom excelled in Greece and abroad, the University of Bologna influenced positively the Hellenic medical world.

Greece↗
PubMed1989

The treatment of eye diseases in the Asclepieia.

The authors give a short report of ophthalmic treatment in Asclepieia by the priests, who had learned these cures through tradition from other priests. This can be testified by the writings on the stone tablets, which were found in the excavations of the Asclepieion at Epidaurus (1883). They give information concerning illnesses and their treatment. From this historical source we selected certain cases with eye-diseases and their treatment. Included is a part from Aristophanes' comedy "Ploutos", giving interesting ophthalmic treatments. These treatments by the priests, representing God Asclepius, mainly took the form of medicines and operations performed in a psychologically mysterious atmosphere.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1989

The links between medical school of Bologna and Ionian Academy.

The Ionian Academy, on the British dominion island of Corfu (Kerkyra), was founded in 1824 and his Medical School functioned during two separate periods (1824-1828, 1844-1865). It was the first Greek University. Among the 15 professors of the Academy's Medical School, 12 studied at various Italian universities. In particular, three of them, G. Therianos, Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Experimental Physics, G. Grassetti, Professor of Physiology and S. Arvanitakis, Professor of Pathology and Hygiene, either studied or graduated at the Medical school of Bologna University. Another Bologna graduate, Rokkos Pylarios, was appointed to the chair of Professor in Surgery and Gynecology - though it is not known if he actually took up the position. It is concluded that the Medical School of Bologna, as a centre of original medical study, contributed significantly to the foundation and development of the Ionian Academy. Moreover, the Greek physicians who had studied either at the University of Bologna or at the Ionian Academy, contributed to the renaissance of neohellenic medicine during the 19th century.

Colonialism↗
PubMed1979

Is low urinary prostaglandin concentration a stage in the development of essential hypertension?

Urinary prostaglandin E and F (PGE and PGF) concentrations, renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), sodium excretion rate (UNaV), potassium excretion rate (UKV), urinary osmolarity (Uosm) and osmolar clearance (Cosm) were found to be higher, while mean blood pressure (MBP) was lower in a group of 15 normotensive subjects (15NS), compared to those values obtained in a group of 25 essential patients (25EHP) of the same mean age. After volume expansion, of the 25EHP, urinary PGE concentration, RPF, noncortical plasma flow (NCPF), UNaV, UKV, UNaV/UKV, Cosm and urine volume (UV) increased significantly, MBP, GFR, Uosm, free water reabsorption (Tc water) and urinary aldosterone concentration did not change, while plasma renin activity (PRA) decreased significantly. It was concluded that the deficiency in renomedullary PG synthesis in the EHP is accompanied by a decrease in RPF, NCPF and UNaV. This decrease in UNaV and renal hemodynamics could increase, in the long term, the BP in these patients. Nevertheless, these findings do not exclude the interpretation that the decrease in renomedullary PGE release in the EHP indicates an attempt to increase sodium excretion at the distal tubule by diminishing sodium reabsorption by this agent in order to prevent further increase in BP. In any case, it seems that renomedullary PGs play an important role in intra-renal control systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Interaction between aldosterone and renomedullary prostaglandins. Competitive action between aspirin and spironolactone.

Aldosterone injected i.m. decreased the release of renomedullary PGEs and the index (urinary Na/K ratio) in conscious normotensive intact and adrenalectomized rats. Coadministration of spironolactone increased the release of PGEs as well as the index (urinary Na/K ratio). The effect of spironolactone was partly inhibited by aspirin injected in a ratio 5:1 (aspirin:spironolactone), and effect which could be reversed by the infusion of a synthetic prostaglandin (PGA2) in a subhypotensive dose.

Adrenalectomy↗