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Biomedical subjects

S Mathur

Publications and source records attributed to S Mathur.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Growth patterns in breastfed babies during first six months of life.

Growth of exclusively breastfed 126 normal newborns in urban slums and those delivered at Nehru Hospital, Medical College, Gorakhpur were studied upto six months of age. The average weight of both boys and girls was almost equivalent to the 25th percentile of NCHS standard upto 3 months but fell below these standards thereafter. The average length in both boys and girls was between 25th and 50th percentile of NCHS data. The average head circumference in girls was between 25th and 50th percentile of NCHS data at all ages but in boys it was between 10th and 25th percentile at 4, 5 and 6 months of age. The average weight, length, head and chest circumference in both boys and girls were comparable to ICMR standards. The observations indicate that exclusive breastfeeding should be promoted for adequate growth of infants during first six months of life.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1994

Modified Levinson's test in rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.

Modified Levinson's precipitation test was done in 64 cases of TBM, 54 cases of TBM with inconsistent CSF finding, and 32 cases of pyogenic meningitis. The test was positive in 93.7% cases of TBM (sensitivity, 93.7%), 85.5% cases of TBM with doubtful diagnosis and in 9.4% cases of pyogenic meningitis (specificity 90.6%) compared to 79.7%, 72.2% and 18.8% in original Levinson's test, respectively. With CSF examination only 66% cases of TBM could be diagnosed while with modified Levinson's test and CSF analysis 89% cases could be diagnosed (p < 0.001). So modified Levinson's test for diagnosis of TBM is better than Levinson's test (p < 0.05) with an added advantage of time saving.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1994

Protective action of a herbal preparation Liv-52 against beryllium toxicity in rats.

An Ayurvedic medicine, Liv-52 has been studied as a prophylactic against beryllium induced toxicity in rats. Administration of beryllium per se caused severe degenerative and necrotic changes in liver, kidney, lungs and spleen. Its administration reduced glycogen content, activity of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase in these organs. On the contrary, activities of acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were increased significantly. In Liv-52 primed rats significant recoupment was observed in all the parameters.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of ribonuclease I from Escherichia coli.

Single crystals of ribonuclease I from Escherichia coli have been obtained by the vapor diffusion method. The crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P4(1)2(1)2 or its enantiomer P4(3)2(1)2 and have cell parameters a = b = 119.01 A and c = 34.40 A. There is one 27,000 dalton monomer in the asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract to beyond 3.0 A resolution.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1993

Antigens in capacitated spermatozoa eliciting autoimmune responses.

We studied the possible qualitative antigenic differences between native and capacitated spermatozoa pertaining to immunological infertility. Western blot analysis was used to test serum and seminal plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 18 infertile couples with sperm antibodies, and 14 fertile men and 9 fertile women without significant sperm antibodies against native and capacitated spermatozoa from fertile and infertile men. More fertile and infertile subjects had serum and seminal plasma IgG binding to antigens with molecular weights of 34/36, 46, 68, 97, 105, 115, 120, 130, 150 and 190 kDa. in capacitated versus native spermatozoa of all men. Of the other hand, immune reactivity to antigens with molecular weight 22/24, 30, 32, 50, 80, 88/92 and 180 kDa. found in native autoimmune spermatozoa was strongest in infertile couples with sperm antibodies. This reactivity significantly increased against capacitated autoimmune spermatozoa. Native spermatozoa from few fertile men had these antigens but they appeared after capacitation. It seems that certain antigens normally appearing or enhanced after capacitation are already present in native spermatozoa from infertile men, probably due to an inherent aberration or premature capacitation. This might account for the observed enhanced immune responses in infertile couples to sperm antigens from infertile husbands.

Autoantigens↗
PubMed1993

Identification of an intracellular pyrimidine-specific endoribonuclease from Bacillus subtilis.

Two intracellular RNases which were easily separated by fractionation on strong anion- or cation-exchange resins were identified from Bacillus subtilis. One cleaved any phosphodiester bond, while the second cleaved only pyrimidine-N bonds. The enzyme with pyrimidine-N specificity was approximately 15 kDa, had a pH optimum of approximately 6.2, degraded C-C bonds approximately 10 times faster than U-U bonds, and was completely inactive against single-stranded DNA. The enzyme is called RNase C and may be the first reported broad-specificity endoribonuclease from B. subtilis.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1993

Release of ceramide after membrane sphingomyelin hydrolysis decreases the basolateral secretion of triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein B in cultured human intestinal cells.

The effect of sphingomyelin hydrolysis on triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein secretion was examined in the human intestinal cell line, CaCo-2. Addition of sphingomyelinase decreased sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine by 60 and 20%, respectively. Sphingomyelin hydrolysis decreased the basolateral secretion of triacylglycerol mass, newly synthesized triacylglycerol, and apo B mass. Pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine demonstrated a decrease in apo B synthesis and a marked decrease in apo B100 and apo B48 secretion without altering apo A1 secretion. Sphingomyelin hydrolysis did not change apo B mRNA levels nor apo B turnover. Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C did not decrease apo B synthesis or its basolateral secretion. Membrane protein kinase C (PKC) activity was decreased twofold after sphingomyelin hydrolysis. The PKC inhibitor staurosporine decreased apo B mass and newly synthesized apo B secretion. Sphingomyelinase and staurosporine together caused an additional decrease in apo B secretion suggesting that sphingomyelin hydrolysis decreased apo B secretion independently of its effect on PKC activity. Moreover, conditions that increase PKC activity did not increase apo B secretion. Cell-permeable analogs of ceramide decreased immunoreactive apo B secretion. Sphingosine was without effect. The hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin by intestinal or pancreatic neutral sphingomyelinase may lead to the accumulation of cellular ceramide, which, in turn, could inhibit triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein secretion.

Apolipoproteins B↗
PubMed1993

Mobilization and distribution of beryllium over the course of chelation therapy with some polyaminocarboxylic acids in the rat.

The efficacy of three common polyaminocarboxylic acids in the treatment of experimental beryllium intoxication was investigated in male rats. N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylene diamine triacetic acid (HEDTA) was more effective than calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (CaNa2EDTA) in reducing the beryllium concentration of the blood, kidneys and spleen and reducing beryllium-induced inhibition of hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity. HEDTA was also most effective in reducing histopathological lesions in the liver and spleen. Compared to these two chelators, the third amino chelator, calcium trisodium diethylene triaminepenta acetic acid (CaNa3DTPA) produced severe deleterious effects in the liver and systemic toxicity. The results suggest that HEDTA is a promising chelator for beryllium toxicity while DTPA enhances the toxic manifestation of beryllium.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Breastfeeding in babies delivered by cesarean section.

One hundred mothers undergoing cesarean section and their infants were studied regarding various factors affecting the establishment of breastfeeding during their stay in hospital (mean = 11 +/- 3.6 days). Nearly two-thirds (65.7%) of mothers who underwent elective cesarean section, and 62.8% of mothers who received spinal anesthesia were breastfeeding exclusively; while only 53.8% mothers who had undergone an emergency cesarean section and 28.6% who received general anesthesia were exclusively breastfeeding their neonates. All 9 mothers who initiated breastfeeding within 12 h of the surgery were practicing total breastfeeding. In contrast only 5.8% of mothers who initiated breastfeeding after 96 hours, were exclusively breastfeeding their neonates. Total breastfeeding was more frequent (86.8%) in newborn infants who received prelacteal feeds by spoon as compared to those who received by feeding bottle (33.3%). Babies separated from the mothers in hospital were less likely (35.5%) to be on total breastfeeding as compared to those (68.1%) who were not separated from their mothers. This study suggests that for proper establishment of breastfeeding in mothers undergoing cesarean section an elective procedure under spinal anesthesia promotes, early initiation of breastfeeding. Early initiation of breastfeeding has highly significant correlation with establishment of breastfeeding while separation of babies from mothers discourages breastfeeding.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1993

Breastfeeding and childhood cancer.

Total duration of breastfeeding and of exclusive breastfeeding was studied and compared in 99 childhood cancer cases and 90 controls. The difference between the average duration of breastfeeding in cases and controls was significant (p < 0.05), but when average duration of exclusive breastfeeding was compared in cases and controls the difference was highly significant (p < 0.001). In lymphoma cases and controls the difference between the average duration of breastfeeding was moderately significant (p < 0.01). However, when average duration of exclusive breastfeeding was compared in lymphoma cases and controls the difference was highly significant (p < 0.001). When other cancer groups and controls were compared with respect to their total duration of breastfeeding and duration of exclusive breastfeeding the differences when insignificant (p > 0.05). Cases and controls were not different with respect to their age, sex, birth year, birth order, age and educational status of mothers, smoking of fathers and socioeconomic status. However, a positive family history of cancer was obtained in 4 (4%) of cases whereas in controls it was obtained in only 1 (1.1%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Adaptive response of wild and mutant type Synechococcus cedrorum to a polychlorinated pesticide-endosulfan.

The effect of endosulfan, a hexachlorinated pesticide, on growth, inorganic nitrogenous nutrient uptake (NO3-, NO2- and NH4+), change in pigmentation and glycogen content on wild type and chemically mutagenised cells of Synechococcus cedrorum was investigated. The pattern of response to pesticide stress in wild and mutant type was the same. Growth reappeared in both after a period of initial lag in presence of endosulfan. The duration of lag increased with increasing doses of pesticide. Paradoxically, however, the rate of uptake of NO3-, NO2- and NH4+, pigment and glycogen content progressively increased with increasing doses. The difference in the adaptation response between wild and mutant types was observed only in the concentration of pesticide that could be tolerated; with the mutant tolerating 2.5 fold more.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical studies on the innervation of human transplanted liver.

The changing pattern of innervation in the human transplanted liver was studied from the day of transplantation to 5 years later. Seven liver biopsies from non-transplant controls, 37 liver biopsies from 22 transplant patients, and one of these biopsied livers removed at retransplantation, were available for the study. Sections were immunostained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neurone-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. NSE and PGP 9.5 demonstrated nerves most successfully in our tissues. Staining for most small nerves was reduced by day 5 post-transplantation. Scanty fine nerves could be detected from day 13 to day 241 in occasional biopsies. Consistently identifiable immunostaining of PGP 9.5 and NSE nerve fibres was again apparent in portal areas after this time in all but one case. The findings indicate that in transplanted liver limited reinnervation can eventually take place. This could be due to either proliferation of intrinsic nerves, or regrowth of extrinsic nerves, or both.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Reset of the osmotic threshold for vasopressin in rats fed a low NaCl, K-free diet.

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system induced by feeding a low NaCl, K-free (LS) diet is associated with polydipsia and a chronic reduction in effective plasma osmolality (efPosm). We have recently shown that converting enzyme inhibition with enalapril (EP) abolishes polydipsia. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the osmotic threshold for vasopressin is reset in rats fed the LS diet and to examine the effect of EP on ambient and osmotically stimulated plasma vasopressin levels (PAVP). Animals were fed the LS diet or a control salt diet and treated with vehicle or the lowest dose of EP sufficient to prevent polydipsia (7.5 mg.kg-1.day-1) in rats fed the LS diet. PAVP and efPosm were measured under ambient conditions and after osmotic loading. Urine osmolality (Uosm) was measured under ambient conditions and after water loading. The chronic reduction in efPosm in LS rats was associated with the excretion of a Uosm 1-2 times greater than the corresponding Posm, PAVP similar to controls (LS, 2.27 +/- 1.08 vs. control, 1.19 +/- 0.22 pg/mL) and the ability to excrete a water load. Following osmotic loading, efPosm and PAVP increased significantly and similarly in both LS and control rats. EP administration had no effect on water intake, ambient efPosm and PAVP, and the AVP response to osmotic loading in rats fed the control diet. EP prevented polydipsia in LS rats, however it had no significant effect on ambient or osmotically stimulated PAVP or efPosm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗