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Biomedical subjects

S Matsuura

Publications and source records attributed to S Matsuura.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Glutamate-induced inhibition of paired pulse facilitation of monosynaptic excitatory post-synaptic potentials in frog spinal motoneurons.

To evaluate actions of glutamate on excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, we examined glutamate-induced changes in the paired pulse facilitation of monosynaptic excitatory post-synaptic potentials evoked by stimulation of the lateral column fibers (LC-EPSPs) on lumbar motoneurons in the frog spinal cord. Glutamate (1 mM) depolarized motoneurons both in the presence and absence of Mg2+. In most cells perfused with Mg(2+)-free or high Ca(2+)-Mg2+ solutions, the glutamate potential was accompanied by a reduction in peak amplitude of EPSPs, although the degree of change varied with the cells. Glutamate enhanced the EPSP amplitude in a few cells with Mg(2+)-free and high Ca(2+)-Mg2+ solutions, and in most cells with high Mg2+ medium. In 3/5 cells tested, the paired pulse facilitation of EPSPs was reduced by glutamate when the EPSP amplitude either increased or decreased. NMDA (50 microM), kainate (50-100 microM), quisqualate (5-50 microM) and L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4, 1 mM) also decreased the facilitation in about half of the cells tested. The glutamate-induced decrease in the facilitation was observed in both the presence and absence of Mg2+ and was not affected by the concomitant application of glutamate and antagonists for non-NMDA or NMDA receptors, such as 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxalinediones (CNQX, 60 microM) or 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV, 250 microM). Glutamate reduced the facilitation of excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) recorded at a constant membrane potential under voltage clamp, when the EPSC amplitude either increased or decreased and when the input conductance either increased or decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate

Renin assay using a fluorogenic substrate and high performance liquid chromatography.

Measurement of renin activity in human fluids using a fluorogenic substrate and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. A nine amino acid peptide containing the fluorogenic residue, N-(2-pyridyl) glycine (Pg) is used as a substrate. The peptide sequence is homologous with the cleavage site of human angiotensinogen. This substrate is hydrolyzed by renin to generate fluorogenic and non-fluorogenic products. The amount of fluorogenic product is directly measured by reversed phase HPLC. Optimization of assay conditions and measurement of human serum renin levels are described. Assay results correlated well with those from radioimmunoassay. The method is simple, convenient, highly sensitive and can be used for routine clinical renin assays.

Amino Acid Sequence

Isolation and partial characterization of a compound with siderophore activity from Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

A compound with siderophore activity was purified by successive column and thin layer chromatographic procedures from Dowex 1 x 8 extracts of culture supernatants of Vibrio parahaemolyticus AQ 3354. The strain synthesized the compound in culture media containing less than 2 microM added FeCl3. Hydrolysis of the compound yielded alanine, ethanolamine, citric acid and 2-ketoglutaric acid. The 1H-NMR spectrum exhibited the presence of a residue from each of these components in the intact molecule. The fast-atom bombardment mass spectrum of the methyl ester derivative indicated a prominent ion at m/z 477, probably corresponding to [M + 1] ion. Other strains of V. parahaemolyticus were also found to produce this compound when grown in an iron-limited medium.

Cell Fractionation

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency: identification of novel mutations in two Japanese patients with a severe form.

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is a disorder with mutations of the gene for the beta subunit, a component common to three adhesion molecules; LFA-1, Mac-1 and p150,95. The molecular basis of the disorder was studied in two patients with its severe form. In the first patient, the mutant gene expressed an aberrant mRNA, 1.2 kb longer than usual, resulting from a G to A substitution at the splice donor site of a 1.2 kb intron. Several aberrantly spliced messages, arising from splicing at cryptic donor sites, were also identified. The beta subunit proteins deduced from the mRNA sequences lacked half the carboxyl terminal portion. In the second patient, the mutation was a G to A transition at nucleotide 454, which resulted in an Asp128 to Asn substitution of the beta subunit. The 128th Asp residue is located in a region crucial for the association with alpha subunits and strictly conserved among the integrin beta subunits so far analyzed.

Adult

Telomere association of human chromosomes induced by aphidicolin.

Telomere associations were studied in metaphase chromosomes from 96-h cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes of two healthy women, treated with 0.4 microM aphidicolin for the last 72 h. Telomere associations were encountered in 2.9% and 3.2% of the metaphases screened, whereas no such associations were encountered in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-treated cultures. The chromosome arms involved in telomere associations were nonrandom: 1q, 2q, 3q, 6p and 16q were more frequently involved in the associations (P less than 0.01). Of the 51 combinations of telomere associations encountered, those occurring nonrandomly were 1q/2q, 2q/2q, 4q/4q, 6q/6q and 6p/6p associations.

Adult

Analysis of lectin properties with membrane ultrafiltration and high-pressure liquid chromatography.

A convenient method for the analysis of the binding properties of lectin with fluorogenic sugar chains is described. A lectin (concanavalin A or Datura stramonium agglutinin) was mixed with pyridylaminated sugar chains in buffer and the free chains obtained were isolated by membrane ultrafiltration. The amount of free sugar chains in the filtrate was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The binding constants with the sugar chains, reaction kinetics, and other properties of these lectins were easily investigated. The method is simple and could be used to study the characteristics of any lectin in native form.

Binding Sites

A versatile one-stage neurovascular flap for fingertip reconstruction: the dorsal middle phalangeal finger flap.

The dorsal middle phalangeal finger flap is an extremely reliable flap that is indicated for fingertip injuries which require sensory reconstruction. This flap originates from the dorsum of the middle phalanx of the finger and is elevated with a vascular pedicle of the digital artery and the dorsal branch of the digital nerve. After transfer of the flap to the injured site, epineural neurorrhaphy is done between the digital nerve and the dorsal sensory branch of the flap. This flap can be thought of as an island flap of the innervated cross-finger flap that provides excellent sensory recovery and aesthetic improvement. We used this flap in a series of eight consecutive patients and were able to follow up seven patients for longer than 6 months (mean follow-up time 10.7 months). All patients achieved measurable two-point discrimination, with an average of 4.9 mm in the moving two-point discrimination. In this study, we report our consecutive series of the dorsal middle phalangeal finger flap and its versatile utility.

Adult

The fate of calvarias implanted into the epidural spaces of rats. A preliminary study.

The histologic changes occurring in newborn rat calvarias implanted into the epidural space of adult rats were observed to determine whether this method was adequate as an experimental model of new bone formation in the spinal canal. Two weeks after implantation, all implanted calvarias of newborn rats grew with ossification in the epidural space. The grafted calvarias continued to grow gradually 6 weeks after this procedure. Six months later, 40% of the grafted calvarias showed progressive bone formation with osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and immature mesenchymal cells. In the other 60%, the implanted calvarias had developed into mature trabecular bone. Twelve months after the procedure, the calvarias had developed into mature bone in all cases, although the size of the grafted calvarias tended to decrease in size. It was concluded that this experiment had devised a suitable model for understanding the process of new bone formation in the spinal canal.

Animals

High incidence of p53 gene mutation in human ovarian cancer and its association with nuclear accumulation of p53 protein and tumor DNA aneuploidy.

Using the polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, p53 gene mutations were examined in 24 cases of ovarian tumor including 14 ovarian carcinomas and 2 borderline cases of common epithelial type, 7 germ cell tumors, and one stromal tumor. Abnormal bands indicating mutations were detected in 12 (50%) of the cases examined, being present most frequently in common "epithelial" ovarian carcinoma (71%, 10/14). One case each of squamous cell carcinoma originating in a dermoid cyst and anaplastic dysgerminoma were positive for mutation. Direct sequencing confirmed 12 mutations and revealed G-->A and G-->C nucleotide changes in 5 and 3 cases (42% and 25%), respectively. The mutation was localized at the CpG site of the gene in 3 cases. Immunohistochemical examination of p53 protein in 21 cases and DNA flow-cytometrical analysis in 17 cases were also performed. Nuclear accumulation of the p53 protein and DNA aneuploidy pattern were detected in 11 (52%) and 9 (53%) cases, respectively. These were significantly correlated with p53 gene mutation (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively; Fisher's exact test). Neither mutation of the p53 gene, nuclear accumulation of p53 protein nor DNA aneuploidy was detected in borderline cases of common "epithelial" type, typical dysgerminoma and immature teratoma. These results suggest that p53 gene mutation, nuclear accumulation of the protein and the DNA aneuploidy pattern are events occurring almost simultaneously in the progression of ovarian tumors, and that p53 abnormalities seem to be correlated with a high grade of malignancy.

Aneuploidy

Y-derived sequence detected in minute chromosomes by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization.

A 10-year-old girl and a 10-month-old girl, both with ambiguous genitalia, were found to have 45,X/46,X,mar and 45,X/46,X,r(?) mosaicism. The marker chromosomes in both girls were very small. Polymerase chain reaction, with synthetic oligonucleotide primers from Y-specific DNA sequences pY-80 and pY53.3 containing the sex-determining region Y(SRY), proved the marker chromosomes to contain the Y short arm material. In situ hybridization with probe pY-80 confirmed that the marker chromosomes included the Y short arms. These findings, together with ambiguous genitalia in the girls, indicate that the marker chromosomes include the testis-determining factor gene.

Base Sequence

[Application of the limulus amebocyte lysate test to measurement of endotoxin in therapeutic human plasma protein fraction. Comparison with the rabbit pyrogen test].

We applied the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test to the detection of bacterial endotoxins in therapeutic human plasma protein fraction (PPF) and compared the LAL-test with the rabbit pyrogen test. Two endotoxin-specific LAL-reagents were used for the colorimetric method and turbidimetric kinetic method. The amounts of added endotoxin to the PPF were correctly estimated by either method. The results of four independent assays for the 53 samples of PPF corresponded well with each other (correlation coefficient: 0.851-0.959, regression coefficient: 0.898-1.151). The amounts of endotoxin in the PPF estimated by the LAL-test significantly correlated with the rise of body temperature in rabbits (correlation coefficient: 0.547-0.642, and 0.911-0.934 for the endotoxin added samples). These results suggest that the LAL-test could be used as an alternative method for the rabbit pyrogen test to PPF.

Animals

[Urodynamic study on urinary disturbance after therapy of uterine cancer].

It is well known that urinary disturbance often appears after radical hysterectomy for uterine cancer and is aggravated by additional radiation therapy. The aim of this study is to elucidate the pathogenesis and to establish the treatment method of urinary disturbance after therapy for uterine cancer. Forty-five patients with urinary disturbance and ten normal controls were subjected to this study. Changes in clinical symptoms and findings in the Urodynamic study (UDS) in 12 severe cases were investigated before and after treatment with beta 2-stimulant (Mabuterol HCL). Clinical symptoms in cases treated by radiation therapy alone were rare and mild without any pad exchanges, and appeared 5 years after treatment for uterine cancer. Findings of UDS in these cases were mild low compliance of detrusor at maximum desire to void (Cmdv) and mild low bladder volume at maximum desire to void (Vmdv). In cases treated by radical hysterectomy alone, Cmdv decreased immediatelly after the operation and then maximum urethral closure pressure (cPura) gradually decreased. Concerning the cases treated by radical hysterectomy and radiation, severe low Cmdv and severe low Vmdv appeared 5 years after the treatment for uterine cancer in almost all cases, and low cPura appeared immediately after the operation in half of the cases. Treatment with beta 2-stimulant significantly improved urinary frequency, voided volume and urinary incontinence. In UDS findings, Vmdv and Cmdv were significantly improved by the treatment with beta 2-stimulant. The functional profile length and cPura value were not significantly changed. In uroflowmetry, the maximum flow rate and average flow rate were significantly improved by the treatment with beta 2-stimulant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Agonists

Automated homogeneous liposome immunoassay systems for anticonvulsant drugs.

We developed automated homogeneous immunoassays, based on immunolysis of liposomes, for measuring phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine from serum. Liposome lysis was detected spectrophotometrically from entrapped glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. The procedure was fully automated on a routine automated clinical analyzer. Within-run, between-run, dilution, and recovery tests showed good accuracies and reproducibilities. Bilirubin, hemoglobin, triglycerides, and Intrafat did not affect assay results. The results obtained by liposome immunoassays for phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine correlated well with those obtained by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay (Syva EMIT) kits (r = 0.995, 0.986, and 0.988, respectively) and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (Abbott TDx) kits (r = 0.990, 0.991, and 0.975, respectively). The proposed method should be useful for monitoring anticonvulsant drug concentrations in blood.

Anticonvulsants

Diagnostic hand anomalies in Smith-Magenis syndrome: four new patients with del (17)(p11.2p11.2)

We report clinical and cytogenetic findings of 4 children (2 boys and 2 girls) with the Smith-Magenis syndrome. All 4 patients had an interstitial deletion of 17p: del(17) (p11.2p11.2). Their clinical manifestations included brachycephaly, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, upper lip eversion, short and broad hands with short fingers, clinodactyly of the fifth fingers, fingertip pads, moderate mental retardation, and behavior problems. Analysis of the metacarpophalangeal pattern profiles in patient 2 showed progressive shortness from the metacarpals to the proximal, middle, and the distal phalanges. The fingerpads observed in all 4 patients have hitherto been noted in only one of 26 previously reported patients with the syndrome. These findings serve as a useful clue to the diagnosis of the syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple