Biomedical subjects

S Maurice-Tison

Publications and source records attributed to S Maurice-Tison.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

[Determining students health information needs at the Service of Inter-university Preventative Medicine in Bordeaux].

At the request of the Service of Academic Preventative Medicine (APM) in Bordeaux, this study was carried out in the year 2000 and aimed to identify the health information needs of the university's student population. The questionnaire, which was completed by the students themselves, mainly explored health information needs, health status and the students' living conditions. Of the 370 total students coming from all University disciplines who participated in this study, a majority of them were women (61%), with the median age of 21 years old. The majority of students (69%) said that they were stressed and/or depressed and more than one-third were tired. Nearly 20% of the students were smokers, 9% declared that they regularly drank alcohol and 7% of them reported that they never consulted a physician. When asked specifically about their health information needs, they expressed a preference for receiving information on sexually transmitted diseases, how to stay in good health and on issues like psychology, depression and suicide. These themes differed according to gender and risk behaviour. These results permitted a better understanding of the students' health information needs and provided the knowledge necessaryin order to streamline and appropriately adapt the APM's activities for the following academic year in order to be more focused to respond to these needs.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Access to early speech therapy in Gironde: evaluation of a language-screening campaign for 4-year-old children (1999-2001)].

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article was to evaluate the results of a prevention campaign on the access to early speech therapy for 4-year-old children. POPULATION AND METHODS: A prevention campaign of speech disorders was conducted in Gironde area in 1999, offering a systematic screening by ERTL4 test and free speech therapy. The campaign results were evaluated by quality and efficiency indicators. RESULTS: In 1999, 14037 children born in 1995 were included and 1363 children randomly selected from the schools benefited from the campaign. One child out of four failed in the screening test by ERTL4. The percentage of the assessment and speech therapy in the children of the campaign (16.0 and 8.2%) were significantly higher than the other children of the area (8.9 and 6.7%). CONCLUSION: The campaign evaluation has demonstrated its capacity to access to speech therapy for children language disorders, allowing gains of frequency and earlier treatment.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2003

[General practitioners, dermatologists, allergists, and the management of chronic urticaria. Results of a practice survey].

This report presents the results of a national study realized in June and July 2002 to describe dermatologists, allergists and general practitioners'clinical intentions of practice in front of chronic urticaria, before the consensus conference on this topic.75 per cent general practitioners (112/148), 73 per cent dermatologists (131/180) and 90 per cent allergists (58/64) completed the interview by phone. Health authorities and medical associations furnished the lists for drawing of lots. General practitioners realize few diagnostic investigations and prescribe in most cases anti histamines. In case of persistence, they resort to specialists, dermatologists or allergists. Dermatologists and allergists seemed to have similar practices for management of chronic urticaria, even if allergists realize more allergy skin tests. Chronic urticaria remains unexplained in about 60 per cent of the observations. When an aetiology was identified, it is a physical urticaria for allergists and drug-induced urticaria for dermatologists. For all the physicians, non sedating and/or sedating anti-histamines are the principal treatment, sometimes associated with others drugs, in case of resistance. Most of the physicians perceived psychological factors as important. Sometimes, they suggest a specific therapy. This questionnaire survey will be done again some months after publication of recommendations to appreciate its impact on physicians.

Allergy and Immunology↗

PubMed1999

Self-reported psychosis-like symptoms and the continuum of psychosis.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that psychotic symptoms may be distributed along a continuum that extends from normality through depressive states to schizophrenia with increasing level of severity. This study examined the hypothesis that the severity of positive psychotic symptoms increases from normality, through depression/anxiety states to clinical psychosis. METHODS: Consecutive general practice attenders completed a self-report questionnaire of 24 items of delusional ideation and hallucinatory experiences and the GHQ-12. The following groups were compared: (1) subjects with a diagnosis of psychosis (n = 57), (2) GHQ cases (n = 245), and (3) GHQ non-cases (n = 378). RESULTS: Quantitative differences were apparent in the great majority of items on delusional ideation and hallucinatory experiences, in that normals scored lowest, psychosis patients scored highest and GHQ cases scored in between. This pattern of differences was apparent for all dimensions of psychosis-like experiences, including the more "schizophrenic" ones, with the exception of Grandiosity (GHQ cases similar to normals) and Paranormal Beliefs (no differences between the three groups). CONCLUSIONS: Similar to findings in aetiological research, phenotypic differences between normal controls, patients with anxiety/depression and patients with psychosis appear quantitative rather than qualitative for core dimensions of psychosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Is early adulthood a critical developmental stage for psychosis proneness? A survey of delusional ideation in normal subjects.

It has been hypothesized that late adolescence and early adulthood might be a brain developmental stage favoring the clinical expression of psychotic symptoms in psychiatric or neurological diseases. The aim of the present survey was to examine the relationship between age and delusional ideation in a sample of subjects with no psychiatric disorder. The survey was carried out with the Aquitaine Sentinel Network of general practitioners. Consecutive practice attenders were invited to complete the PDI-21 (Peters Delusional Inventory 21 items), a self-report questionnaire designed to measure delusional ideation in the normal population. The study concerned 444 patients who had no lifetime history of psychiatric disorder and who completed the PDI-21. A principal component analysis of the PDI-21 items was performed in order to identify delusional dimensions. An age-related decrease in the likelihood to report delusional ideas was found, younger subjects scoring higher on most dimensions of delusional ideation, such as 'persecution', 'thought disturbance', 'grandiosity' and 'paranormal beliefs'. 'Religiosity' was the only dimension positively associated with age. The results suggest that there may be a physiological neurodevelopmental stage favouring the expression of psychosis proneness in normal subjects, and support the hypothesis that the association between age and positive psychotic symptoms in functional and organic psychoses may be linked to the interaction between normal brain maturational processes and cerebral abnormalities involved in the aetiology of functional and organic psychoses.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

A survey of delusional ideation in primary-care patients.

BACKGROUND: To assess the prevalence of delusional ideas in primary-care patients. METHOD: A survey was carried out with the Aquitaine Sentinel Network of general practitioners (GPs). Consecutive practice attenders were invited to complete the Peters et al. Delusional Inventory (PDI-21) self-report questionnaire, designed to measure delusional ideation in the normal population. GPs, blind to the questionnaire results, provided information on patients' psychiatric history. RESULTS: Of the 1053 attenders included in the survey, 348 (35%) had a lifetime history of psychiatric disorder, of whom 20 (2%) had a history of broadly defined psychotic disorder. The self-report questionnaire was completed by 790 patients. The range of individual PDI-21 item endorsement in subjects with no psychiatric history varied between 5 and 70%, suggesting that delusional ideation is a dimensional phenomenon lying on a continuum with normality. The main discriminative items between psychotic and non-psychotic patients were those exploring persecutory (OR = 15.2, 95% CI 4.3-53.7), mystic (OR = 6.4, 95% CI 1.9-22.4) and guilt (OR = 5.8, 95% CI 1.5-23.2) ideas. CONCLUSIONS: This survey demonstrates that questions that explore delusions and hallucinations are well-accepted by most primary-care patients. More research is needed on psychotic disorders in primary-care settings to improving early identification of these disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

How to improve recognition and diagnosis of depressive syndromes using international diagnostic criteria.

International diagnostic criteria for depression have been elaborated in order to standardize and to facilitate diagnostic assessment. The findings of the present survey suggest that general practitioners (GPs) do accurately assess the individual depressive symptoms required to fulfill international diagnostic criteria for depressive syndromes. Training GPs to use these diagnostic criteria may be a way of improving recognition and diagnosis of depression in general practice.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Health informatics: handle with caution.

The increased use of computers is a response to the considerable growth in information in all fields of activities. Related to this, in the field of medicine a new component appeared about 40 years ago: Medical Informatics. Its goals are to assist health care professionals in the choice of data to manage and in the choice of applications of such data. These possibilities for data management must be well understood and, related to this, two major dangers must be emphasized. One concerns data security, and the other concerns the processing of these data. This paper discusses these items and warns of the inappropriate use of medical informatics.

Computer Security↗

PubMed1994

[Fatigue and signs of depressive symptoms in general practice in Aquitaine].

UNLABELLED: An epidemiologic study of patients consulting General Practitioners (GPs) was conducted among GPs who usually collaborate on Aquitaine Sentinel Network, supported by the Department of Medical Informatics of the University of Bordeaux II. One day in June and one day in December 1992, each GP who participated in this investigation had to collect age, sex and reason for consulting about every patient who took medical advice. For every patient over 15 year old, on the day of the consultation or the previous week, the GP had to collect signs of depression, dysphoria, loss of interest or pleasure in the daily-living activities, insomnia, fatigue, inappropriate guilt, diminished ability to think or indecisiveness, recurrent thoughts of death... RESULTS: In June, 79 GPs collected data on 1,500 patients and in December 80 GPs interviewed 1,400 patients. The main sign was fatigue (35%). Then, in frequency order, sleep disorders (26.5%), appetite and weight disorders (22.7%), dysphoria (18.7%) and loss of interest or pleasure for daily-living activities (16.7%) have been found. Among patients who present at least one of the signs of depression (more than 50% of the sample), half had associated handicap in every-day life activities. Major depression prevalence rate was respectively 5% in June and 6.3% in December whereas dysthymia was 4.3%.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Demand patterns for HIV-tests in general practice: information collected by sentinel networks in 5 European countries.

This study describes a 1 year international data collection on the demand pattern for HIV-antibody tests in general practice recorded by 6 sentinel networks in 5 European countries. The purpose of the recording was to evaluate the use of HIV-antibody testing by general practitioners and the demand for testing among the general population. Sentinel networks of general practitioners are a possible and available instrument for monitoring the perception of the HIV-test, and indirectly of the threat of the HIV-epidemic by the public and by the general practitioners (GPs). Differences were found between the countries in the frequency of testing, the person asking the test and the reason for testing. Possible explanatory factors, such as differences in the routine testing of specific groups, differences in the training and in the role of the GP, differences in the characteristics of prevention policy, are discussed. The European comparison also offers the opportunity to reflect on common medical practice in dealing with demands for HIV-tests.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Increased occurrence of depression in psychosis-prone subjects: a follow-up study in primary care settings.

A follow-up survey was performed with a network of general practitioners (GPs) to examine whether a higher proneness for psychosis predicts a greater incidence of depression in subjects with no history of mood disorder. At the first stage of the survey (T1), a self-report questionnaire exploring delusional ideation (Peters et al. Delusional Inventory [PDI-21]) was administered to the patients of the GPs. Information on psychiatric status at the baseline and conclusion of the 12-month follow-up period was provided by the GPs. The present study was restricted to 425 subjects with no lifetime history of depression. An incident depression was diagnosed in 18 subjects. Most items exploring delusional beliefs and hallucinations were more frequently endorsed by subjects with incident depression. Subjects with a PDI-21 score above the 90th percentile at T1 were nine times more likely to present with an incident depression during the follow-up period than those with PDI-21 scores below the 10th percentile. Psychosis proneness is associated with a greater risk for depression, suggesting that a continuum of vulnerability may exist between affective disorder and nonaffective psychosis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of depressive disorders in children and adolescents attending primary care. A survey with the Aquitaine Sentinelle Network].

UNLABELLED: Since depressive disorders in children and adolescents have not been widely studied in the context of gene-ral medicine, we conducted an epidemiological survey among general practitioners (GP's) consulted by young subjects aged 7 to 17 years for various reasons. OBJECTIVE: The aims were the following: to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders in general practice, to detect the eventual existence of particular clinical forms, to assess the frequency of comorbid disorders and to determine to what degree these disorders were diagnosed by GP's. METHOD: The study was conducted over 6 months in concert with 45 practitioners of the Aquitaine Sentinelle Network because of their strong experience in the field of epidemiological surveys, especially regarding psychiatric disorders. The population included all consecutive attenders aged 7 to 17 years. Consent to participate was obtained from children and adolescents and their parents. Finally 155 patients took part. A two-stage epidemiologic strategy was used, including screening tests in the first stage and semi structured interview by clinician in the second stage for diagnostic confirmation. During the first stage, information was obtained from children and adolescents and general practitioners using three questionnaires. The self-report questionnaire Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) was used for screening depression in 13 to 17 years old adolescents and the 20 items of the scale were modified to make it more comprehensible and relevant for children aged 7 to 12. The cut-off of 21 used in France appeared to be the more appropriate in both males and females and was taken to indicate high likelihood of depressive disorder. Therefore people with score 21 or more were approached for the second stage. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), an instrument of well-established validity and reliability, provided information from parents about the child's behavior and competencies. Demographic and environmental data, as well as the reason for the visit and the presence of associated psychological factors were collected from a questionnaire devised for the study and completed by the practitioner. The 21 patients initially detected were invited to take part in the second stage. A total of 18 agreed to meet the psychiatrist. Sex-ratio female/male of this sample was 1,25 and mean age was 12,5 years. All of them underwent the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children (Kiddie-SADS), a semi structured research interview of established validity. Diagnoses were made according to the DSM IV criteria (American Psychiatric Association). RESULTS: Results showed that more than one child out of 10 aged less than 13 years had a depressive disorder, and that the prevalence in the adolescent sub-group was 5%. Major depressive episode was present in 6% of the children sample, dysthymia in 4% and maladjustment disorder with depressive mood in about 1%. All depressive disorders were moderate. Atypical depression (in the Anglosaxon sense of the term) was present in half of the depressed adolescents. Other disorders included anxiety disorders with a rate of about 4% overanxious in the adolescent sample, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder. Disruptive disorders were considerably less common. Psychiatric comorbidity, usually involving different types of emotional disorders, was present in about 50% of psychiatric cases, with a prevalence of anxiety disorders. The reasons why depressed subjects consulted were not specific. The most common reasons for visiting the GP were the somatic complaints with a rate of 50% in both populations, whatever the CES-D's score was. A few per cent of patients attending primary care presented with mental health complaints, and the rate was similar in the two populations. Frequency of consultation was not a discriminant factor of depression. Familial cohesion and school performance were not associated with the CES-D's score, nor familial psychiatric history. Personal psychiatric history was related to depression, whereas the occurrence of bereavement made the CES-D score positive but was not significantly associated with fully- blown depression. Finally, we estimated that 70% of diagnoses of depression were not made during the consultation with GP's. CONCLUSION: No particular characteristic of depressed children consulting GP's could be established. These findings underline the importance of training GP's in the screening of depressive disorders in children and adolescents. A better knowledge that young general practice attenders have high rates of depressive disorders may facilitate more rapid referral for psychiatric assessment and treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Anxiety disorders in general practice: frequency--treatment. A survey of the Aquitaine Sentinel Network].

OBJECTIVE: This study, conducted in Aquitaine (Southwest France), was designed to assess both frequency and treatment of anxiety disorders in general practice patients. METHOD: The assessment was cross-sectional; a random sample of 312 patients was chosen and evaluated during the last week of Mai 1993, by 55 general practitioners who usually collaborate in the Aquitaine Sentinel Network, supported by the Department of Medical Statistics and Public Health of the University of Bordeaux. Anxiety disorders were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and level of depression was self evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory. The physicians reported current psychological and psychopharmacological treatments, and request for treatment of every patient tested. RESULTS: Frequency of anxiety disorders is concordant with available epidemiological data in French general population. There is no sex difference for anxiety disorders in this study, in opposition to what is known in the general population (2 = 1.47, p > .05). Women are more treated than men (drugs: chi(2) = 7.31 p < .01; psychotherapies: chi(2) = 7.58 p < .04) although they don't request for more treatment (chi(2) = .59 p M .05). Benzodiazepines and psychodynamic oriented therapies are the most used treatments for any anxiety disorders; specific treatments (antidepressive drugs, behavioral therapies) of anxiety are very rarely prescribed. CONCLUSION: This study shows the difference between the current theoretical knowledge in anxiety disorders, and the management of these disorders by the general practitioner. It suggests that patient's request, in opposition to what is often found in the literature, is not a determinant factor in treatment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prescription of a hematopoietic growth factor, lenograstim, in current practice. Results and commentaries of a national survey from April 1995 to March 1996].

OBJECTIVES: The French drug authorities audited first-time prescription of hematopoietic growth factors using a prescription follow-up survey. Data collected between April 1995 and March 1996 were analyzed then criticized by three clinical experts working in three different areas where lenograstime is most widely used. METHODS: First-time prescription data and follow-up information were recorded on separate inclusion and follow-up diaries by the prescribing physicians. The delivering pharmacies complete the diaries and addressed them to the INSERM unit 330 for analysis. RESULTS: There were 7,102 inclusion diaries and 1376 follow-up diaries from 234 different hospital facilities. Lenograstime was most frequently prescribed in patients with lymphoma (19%), breast cancer (16.4%), and lung cancer (13.8%). Prescriptions involved 377 different chemotherapy protocols, including 196 which concerned a single patient. At the first prescription, lenograstime was given as a preventive measure in 61% of the cases and for curative therapy in 25.3%. The planned duration of preventive treatment was longer than the true period of treatment. DISCUSSION: Pr Rossi, hematologist, Pr Misset, cancerologist and Pr Lebeau, pneumologist criticized the findings.

Antineoplastic Agents↗