Biomedical subjects

S Maurin

Publications and source records attributed to S Maurin.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Type of child care and nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae carriage in children in the Alpes-Maritimes].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence rates of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and of SP with diminished susceptibility to penicillin (PDSP) according to two types of day care, i.e. children in group day-care (GDC) and those attended by a child minder (CM) before and after the implementation of a local public health campaign promoting prudent antibiotic use in pediatric care. METHODS: Two cross sectional studies were conducted in each care setting in 1999, 2000 and 2002, on a random sample of children. RESULTS: Initial prevalence rates for SP before the campaign were 54% in the GDC group in 1999 and 34% in the CM group in 2000, with 63% and 52% PDSP, respectively. In 2002 theses rates were 58 and 33% for SP (p<10(-5)) and 64 and 53% for PDSP, respectively. The proportion of children who received antibiotics decreased in both care settings between the two surveys, from 47 to 37% in the CM group (p=0.03) and from 60 to 51% in the GDC group (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: These results are in favor of the child minder setting and also illustrate the positive impact of a public health campaign on the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1993

[Human protothecosis and environment].

Protothecosis are uncommon infections caused by Prototheca, considered to be achlorophylous algae. Nearly 80 human cases are reported in the literature since the first case described by Davies and Wakelin in 1964 in Sierra Leone (11). The disease have been identified in Europe, Asia (Japan, Thailand, China), Oceania and in the United States with 40 cases, particularly in the Southeast. Clinically, three clinical manifestations can be observed: 1) cutaneous lesions: papules, plaques or eczematoid, papulo-nodular areas of the extremities, 2) olecranon bursitis which occurred in 25% of cases, 3) systemic protothecosis. An immunosuppressive factor local or general can be found in half of the cases and the first description of algal meningitis was reported in a patient with AIDS in association with Cryptococcus neoformans. Because the disease is clinically not suspected, the diagnosis is often provided by histology showing a dermic granuloma with endospores. The characteristic feature of protothecosis in tissues is the presence of specific mature sporangia of Prototheca wickerhamii with the pattern of morula. The organism was PAS, Grocott and mucicarmin positive. The ecology was studied by Clark (7), Pidoux (23), Pore (25) and Sudman (27). Prototheca are ubiquitous inhabitants of sewages and are found in slime flux and animal wastes contaminating different aquatic systems. The transmission generally occurred by traumatic inoculation. Prototheca are also found in the digestive system of man and animals without never invasion of the epithelium and mucosae in experimental models. The pathogenicity and virulence are moderate and they are considered as rare opportunistic agents.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Adaptation of the oral dosage of theophylline to the asthmatic child. Value of a kinetic test by the intravenous route].

The authors propose a practical method for determining chronic oral theophylline dosage in children from slow intravenous theophylline infusion (45 minutes). Calculated clearances and half lifes provided a basis for daily oral theophylline doses and dosing intervals. Pharmacokinetic characteristics (mean +/- SD) in 34 asthmatic children (age range 2-14 years) averaged 0.082 +/- 0.028 l/kg/h for Cl; 0.436 +/- 0.087 l/kg for Vd; 4.07 +/- 1.43 h for t 1/2. Calculated daily dosages necessary to maintain mean serum theophylline concentration of 12.5 mg/l ranged from 9.6 to 40.9 mg/kg/d (average 24.5 mg/kg/d). The validity of proposed dosage schedules is studied in 11 children (among the 34 patients) undergoing a chronic theophylline treatment either with rapid absorption products, or sustained-release form. The difference between predicted and effective serum concentrations was within +/- 1.8 mg/l in all cases.

Administration, Oral↗