Biomedical subjects

S McClanahan

Publications and source records attributed to S McClanahan.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Safety of three toothbrushes.

PURPOSE: To assess the oral soft tissue safety and tolerability of two electric toothbrushes, the Crest Spin Brush and Colgate ActiBrush, and one manual toothbrush, the Oral B 40. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 104 subjects were enrolled in this single center, randomized, examiner-blind parallel study over a 4-wk test period. Subjects were randomized to treatment and were instructed to brush in their normal manner, twice per day for 60 s. A detailed oral soft tissue examination and interview were conducted by a trained clinician at baseline, 3 days and 4 wks to assess clinical signs and symptoms associated with use of the toothbrushes. RESULTS: Over the 4-wk period, a total of 19 subjects (18% of the study population) were observed for signs/symptoms. The adverse events were distributed across test groups with 12 subjects in the Oral B 40 group, 4 subjects in the Crest Spin Brush group, and 3 subjects in the Colgate ActiBrush group experiencing at least one adverse event. All adverse events were mild in severity indicating the general safety of all three toothbrushes. The most frequently encountered event was localized gingivitis. The Oral B 40 test group was observed with more adverse events when compared to the Crest Spin Brush and Colgate ActiBrush at 4 wks but not at 3 days. The proportion of subjects experiencing an adverse event in the Crest Spin Brush test group was similar to that of Colgate ActiBrush group. All three toothbrushes were generally well tolerated by subjects enrolled in the study with the Crest Spin Brush and Colgate ActiBrush being the best tolerated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study indicated that abnormal oral soft tissue findings were distributed among the treatment groups, indicating that daily use of an electric toothbrush is at least as safe as a manual toothbrush.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Propylene glycol toxicosis in a mare.

Propylene glycol and mineral oil are commonly used in the veterinary profession for treatment of bovine ketosis and equine impactions, respectively. Accidental administration of 6.0 ml propylene glycol/kg of body weight in horses causes severe depression, ataxia and malodorous breath and feces. However, appropriate medical therapy can result in successful treatment of this toxicosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

The peptide enterostatin may produce early satiety.

The time course of feeding, grooming, exploration, and sleeping behaviors has been measured following treatment with enterostatin, the signal pentapeptide from procolipase. The peptide was injected intraperitoneally prior to presenting food, and the frequency of feeding and grooming activity, drinking, and rest or sleeping were observed at 10-s intervals for 60 min. Enterostatin did not delay the onset of feeding but shortened the time spent eating compared to saline injected controls. Conversely, grooming activity appeared earlier following enterostatin, activity was reduced, and resting behavior occurred earlier with this peptide. There were no changes in the drinking behavior. For the first hour following enterostatin, eating represented 20.8% of the time, grooming 9.2%, activity 18.3%, and rest or sleep 47.2%, with drinking making up the other 4.4%. In contrast, saline-injected animals ate for 27.1% of the time, groomed for 12.4%, were active 28.5% of the time, had sleep or rest time equal to 27.9%, and drank for 4.1% of the time. In fasted animals, the onset of grooming, the decrease in activity, and the increase in time sleeping occurred earlier than with saline. These studies support the concept that enterostatin decreases food intake by producing early satiety.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Health, vocational, and functional status in spinal cord injured athletes and nonathletes.

The relationship of sports involvement to medical complications, functional independence, and vocational status was studied in 67 individuals from 2 to 24 years after spinal cord injury (SCI). Sports participation ranged from none to 30 (means 7.6) hours/wk. No significant correlation was found between time spent in sports participation and number of medical complications, rehospitalizations, functional status, or employment. Subsequently, subgroups of SCI wheelchair basketball players (n = 19) and SCI nonathletes (n = 19) were compared in medical, functional, and vocational status. The athlete group showed significantly more average time per week of sports participation (p less than 0.03), as expected. Fewer physician visits (p less than 0.01) occurred in the athlete group. Trends toward fewer medical complications and fewer rehospitalizations were seen in the athletic group, but this did not reach statistical significance. Sports participation was not associated with increased risk of medical complications and did not limit available time for vocational pursuits. The positive benefits of sports involvement on the community reintegration process and the acquisition of functional skills for the newly disabled warrant further study. The long-term impact of sports involvement on prevention of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and other associated risks of a sedentary existence demands attention in our aging SCI population.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1981

Hidden memory: a rapid method for the study of amnesia using perceptual learning.

Performance on finding hidden figures in a set of picture-puzzles is shown to separate out autobiographical memory and perceptual learning in a group of male neurosurgical patients. Two traumatic amnesics had normal perceptual learning without ability to recognize which pictures they had seen before. The method may be used in the study of transient amnesias of very short duration.

Adolescent↗