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Biomedical subjects

S Meema

Publications and source records attributed to S Meema.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Longitudinal microradioscopic comparisons on endosteal and juxtaendosteal bone loss in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and in those with end-stage renal disease.

Endosteal bone resorption is the principal mechanism of bone loss in involutional osteoporosis and in renal osteodystrophy. In the cortical bone it is often accompanied by juxtaendostal bone resorption. Using fine-detail radiographs and x6 magnified viewing, longitudinal radiographic observations and measurements were made on these two forms of bone resorption in the metacarpals II, III, and IV in three groups of women: (1) premenopausal, (2) postmenopausal, and (3) patients with end-stage renal disease. Bone loss was found to be negligible in the premenopausal women, but in postmenopausal and renal patients both endosteal and juxtaendosteal bone resorption were frequently demonstrable. It is suggested that when a base-line fine-detail hand radiograph is obtained at the time of the menopause, follow-up radiographs may permit detection of relatively early endosteal and juxtaendosteal bone loss by comparing the respective areas in metacarpals with those of the original radiograph. Since the methodology does not require expensive equipment, has a low intraobserver error and is simple to perform, it may deserve to be further evaluated in studies aimed at developing a simple and inexpensive approach as a screening method for early detection of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Postmenopausal osteoporosis: simple screening method for diagnosis before structural failure.

Concurrent measurements of combined cortical thickness (CCT) at the midshaft of the second metacarpal and at the proximal juxtametaphyseal radial cortex were made in 234 healthy women aged 46-80 years (group 1) and in 52 women with symptomatic osteoporosis (at least two spontaneous vertebral compressions) (group 2). When -2 standard deviations (SDs) of the mean values in young healthy women (aged 21-45 years) were used as the lower limit of normal measurements, 47% of the subjects in group 1 showed abnormalities: in 25% both bones were abnormal, in 12% the radius alone was abnormal, and in 10% the second metacarpal alone was abnormal. Because 98% of the subjects in group 2 had abnormal CCT measurements, the -2-SD limit of the younger healthy subjects appears to constitute a satisfactory "fracture threshold." Although further research and correlation are required, these simple and inexpensive measurements may be appropriate for mass screening to separate those at greater risk for development of spontaneous vertebral compressions from those at lesser risk.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative radionuclide scanning in metabolic bone disease.

A simple method of quantifying skeletal uptake of 99Tcm-methylene diphosphonate, using a rectilinear scanner and a simultaneously image standard, is described. The pattern of quantified uptake in ten regions of the skeleton, the sacro-iliac joints and kidneys in 57 controls and 54 patients with various metabolic bone disease is presented. This method distinguishes patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia from controls with a sensitivity adequate for clinical purposes. In primary hyperparathyroidism the increased skull uptake of tracer correlated well with levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, plasma parathyroid hormone, urinary hydroxyproline excretion and the degree of intracortical resorption in the metacarpal bones. The skull uptake in oestoporosis was normal or moderately elevated and correlated well with bone mass density measurements of the radius. Patients with osteomalacia also showed the greatest increase in tracer uptake in the skull. Patients with thyrotoxicosis differed from most other patients by showing moderately increased uptake in shafts of long bones. We propose our method of quantitative bone uptake as a useful noninvasive test to detect metabolic bone disease and to monitor responses to therapy of bone disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of cortical bone mass, thickness and density by z-scores in osteopenic conditions and in relation to menopause and estrogen treatment.

Z-scores express differences from normals in standard deviation units, and are particularly useful for comparison of changes where normal values are age- and sex-dependent. We determined z-scores for bone mineral mass, cortical thickness, and bone mineral density in the radius in various conditions and diseases in both sexes. In the males, z-scores were calculated for age, but in the females z-scores for menopausal status (years postmenopausal exclusive of years on estrogen treatment) were found to be more appropriate. With few exceptions, changes in a disease were of a similar order in both sexes. For bone mineral mass few mean z-scores were significantly increased, but diseases with significantly decreased mean z-scores were numerous. The usefulness of z-scores in diagnosis and study of metabolic bone disease is discussed.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1978

A roentgenologic study of cortical bone resorption in chronic renal failure.

Periosteal, intracortical, and endosteal resorptive changes were evaluated in both hands and the proximal radius in 161 chronic renal-failure patients by microradioscopy, radiographic morphometry, and photodensitometry. These changes were compared to abnormalities found in skeletal surveys. A combination of microradioscopy and morphometry of hand bones was sufficiently sensitive for early detection of bone loss in renal osteodystrophy in 61% of the patients. Intracortical resorption in metacarpals appeared to be a sign of more advanced renal osteodystrophy than subperiosteal resorption in phalanges. Photodensitometric findings in the radius generally agreed with microradioscopic and morphometric findings in hand bones.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Compact bone mineral density of the normal human radius.

Compact bone mineral density was determined by roentgen ray photodensitometry in the proximal radius of 292 normal men and 302 normal women in the 20 to 90 years age range. Between 20 and 49 years, the bone mineral density did not change significantly. The normal bone mineral density was found to be slightly higher in women than in men. After age 50, bone mineral density decreased proportionately more in women than in men.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1978

Periosteal resorption of finger phalanges: radial versus ulnar surfaces.

Measurement of periosteal resorption (PR) at the radial and ulnar surfaces of the second, third and fourth middle phalanges of one hand in 60 normals and 61 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients showed generally higher involvement at the radial than the ulnar surfaces; however, best diagnostic results were achieved when PR was measured at both radial and ulnar surfaces of the index finger only. With the quantitative method, 31 of 61 CRF patients showed changes, whereas only 22 were identified with the grading method.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Menopausal bone loss and estrogen replacement.

Throughout adult life the bone mineral mass of the radius is greater in males than in females. In males, it decreases after 60 years of age, while in females, it decreases earlier, at approximately 50 years, and the loss is greater. At the average age of 67 years, one half of the normal white female population has less than the normal amount of bone in the radius. Premenopausal women over the age of 50 do not show any decline of bone mineral mass, while in postmenopausal women, regardless of age, there is a loss of bone mass related to the number of years after menopause. Castrated women have significantly less bone mass than premenopausal women of the same average age. No decrease in cortical thickness of the radius was found in oophorectomized women treated with estrogens after castration. In a long-term, follow-up study, untreated postmenopausal women (after a natural or an artifical menopause) showed a significant loss of bone mass, while estrogen-treated, postmenopausal women showed no such loss. Estrogen treatment thus appears to prevent postmenopausal bone loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Improved roentgenologic diagnosis of osteomalacia by microradioscopy of hand bones.

Microradioscopic study of metacarpals in 24 osteomalacic and 34 osteoporotic patients revealed excessive intracortical resorption (striations) in approximately 60 percent of patients suffering from osteomalacia, but in none of the osteoporotics. Phalangeal periosteal resorption was found less frequently in osteomalacia than metacarpal striations, and was absent in osteoporotics. On the other hand, quantitative evaluation of cortical thickness, percent cortical area, bone mineral mass, and density did not show any clear differences between the two study groups. It is concluded that the differential diagnosis between osteomalacia and osteoporosis may be considerably improved by microradioscopy of hand bones.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Preventive effect of estrogen on postmenopausal bone loss.

Follow-up studies of bone mineral content in the radius were done in 82 postmenopausal women 4 to 10 years after the first examination. These patients were subdivided into four groups depending on the type of menopause (artificial or natural) and estrogen administration (treated or untreated). Bone mineral mass and combined cortical thickness decreased significantly in both groups of untreated women. Both mineral loss per year for the untreated women was -9.1 mg/sq cm for castrates and -6.9 mg/sq cm for those with a natural menopause. In neither group was the rate of loss correlated with age. The change in bone mineral mass per year in the estrogen-treated subjects (mean +3.25 mg/sq cm) differed significantly from that of untreated subjects (mean -7.99 mg/sq cm). The findings suggest that postmenopausal osteoporosis could be prevented by estrogen treatment.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1967

The relationship of diabetes mellitus and body weight to osteoporosis in elderly females.

Assessment of roentgenographic measurements of cortical bone of the radius in 196 elderly females, including 63 diabetics, revealed that: (1) in the non-diabetic group there was a significant loss of cortical bone relative to the number of years after the menopause and to body weight; (2) although there was a significant loss of cortical bone relative to years postmenopausal in a group of diabetic patients the cortex in the diabetic group was better preserved than in those non-diabetic controls in whom no vertebral compressions were diagnosed in the roentgenograms; no correlation between bone loss and body weight was found among the diabetics; (3) the thinnest cortical bone and the lowest average body weight was found in the 34 non-diabetics with vertebral compression deformities. It thus appears that involutional osteoporosis will be less prevalent among old women suffering from diabetes mellitus than in comparable non-diabetic subjects, and more prevalent among non-diabetics of low body weight than in old women who are obese or of normal weight.

Aged↗