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Biomedical subjects

S Mehtar

Publications and source records attributed to S Mehtar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Teicoplanin in infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Serious infections by methicillin-resistant staphylococci, 26 caused by Staphylococcus aureus and two by coagulase-negative staphylococci, were treated with teicoplanin 200-800 mg daily, in eight cases supplemented with another antibiotic. The overall rate of clinical cure or improvement was 75%, and that of bacterial eradication 67%.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Open study of teicoplanin in gram-positive infections.

Eighteen patients with documented Gram-positive infections which included osteomyelitis, prosthetic infections, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract infections were treated with teicoplanin. The organisms involved included Staphylococcus aureus (15 isolates of which six were methicillin-resistant-MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis (two), Streptococcus faecalis (one) and Streptococcus milleri (one). Clinical success occurred in all seven patients with skin and soft tissue Streptococcus milleri (one). Clinical success occurred in all seven patients with skin and soft tissue infections (with bacterial persistence in three out of the seven), in three patients with bacteraemia endocarditis, and in one of the three patients with chronic osteomyelitis. In four patients with prosthetic bone and joint infections, clinical improvement followed removal of prostheses. Adverse effects occurred in two patients and these included one patient with a rise in serum aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin and one patient with a rise in blood urea, both of which returned to within normal limits on discontinuing the drug. The study showed that teicoplanin is a safe and effective antistaphylococcal agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical efficacy of carumonam.

Carumonam is a new N-sulfo-beta-lactam antibiotic active against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. An open study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of carumonam with either 1 g t.i.d. (group A) or 2 g t.i.d. (group B) in bacterial septicaemia or severe sepsis. A total of 24 patients (14 men and 10 women) were included in the study, their ages ranged from 48-87 years (mean age 59). Eighteen patients were treated for bacteraemia, three for bronchopneumonia, two for urinary tract infection and one for a subphrenic abscess; seven were in group A and fourteen in group B; three were treated with a variable regimen. The pathogens isolated included E. coli [10], Klebsiella aerogenes [9], Enterobacter cloacae [3], Citrobacter freundii [2], Pseudomonas spp. [4], Providence stuartii [2], Serratia marcescens [1] and Haemophilus influenzae [1]. Clinical improvement occurred in all patients in both groups. One patient in group A and four patients in group B required further antibiotic therapy. The overall clinical cure rate was 84% and the bacteriological cure rate was 72%. Supra-infection occurred in three patients and adverse reactions attributable to carumonam were seen in two patients: diarrhoea (in one), and aggravation of renal failure in the other. Carumonam is well tolerated at both the dosage regimens; it is effective in the treatment of aerobic Gram-negative sepsis.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The in vitro activity of roxithromycin (RU 28965) compared with four oral antibiotics.

The in vitro activity of roxithromycin (RU 28965), a new semisynthetic macrolide, was compared with that of amoxycillin, cephradine, doxycycline and erythromycin against 160 respiratory and skin isolates including 10 methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus, 10 beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae and 30 anaerobes. The MIC determinations were performed by an agar dilution method using a final inoculum of 10(4)-10(5) c.f.u./ml and results were recorded as the lowest concentration of the drug that inhibited visible growth (MIC). All organisms were incubated aerobically at 37 degrees C for 18 h, except anaerobes which were incubated in an anaerobic chamber at 37 degrees C for 48 h. The MICs of roxithromycin against staphylococci (30 strains, 10 of which were erythromycin-resistant, MIC greater than or equal to 2 mg/l) ranged from 0.03 to greater than or equal to 16 mg/l. The MIC90 against erythromycin-sensitive staphylococci was 1.0 mg/l. The MICs of roxithromycin ranged from 0.03-4 mg/l (MIC90 0.25 mg/l) against streptococci (50 strains), from 1 to 32 mg/l (MIC90 8 mg/l) against Haemophilus spp. (40), and from 0.06 to 0.25 mg/l (MIC90 0.125 mg/l) against B. catarrhalis (10). Roxithromycin was less active than erythromycin against fusobacteria (MIC 0.05 to greater than or equal to 128 mg/l) and against Veillonella spp. (MIC greater than 128 mg/l). Roxithromycin was more active than cephradine, doxycycline and amoxycillin against the aerobic organisms (except for amoxycillin against streptococci, where the activity was similar) but less active against the anaerobes examined. Taken together with reported kinetic advantages, these results suggest that roxithromycin may be a useful antibiotic in selected circumstances and studies to determine its efficacy seem indicated.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1986

A non-comparative study of parenteral ampicillin and sulbactam in intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal infections.

Fifty-four patients were treated with intravenous ampicillin and sulbactam in an open study of intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal infection. Thirty-one were treated with 500 mg each of the combination 6-hourly while 23 patients were given 1 g of ampicillin and 500 mg of sulbactam, 6-hourly. Thirteen of fourteen (93%) patients with severe respiratory tract infection and 22/26 (85%) patients in the intra-abdominal infection group responded clinically and bacteriologically. Seven patients with clinical sepsis (but not confirmed bacteriologically) improved on therapy. 50/55 (91%) clinical isolates from this study were eliminated. An increase in MIC was found in two cases. There were minimal side effects, pain at site of injection being the commonest complaint.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Intravenous Augmentin in bacteraemia and severe invasive polymicrobial sepsis.

An intravenous formulation of Augmentin was used as sole chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with severe infections. Fourteen of 17 assessable patients (82%) responded satisfactorily including six with bacteraemia. Adverse reactions occurred in 38% of patients but in all but one, withdrawn due to diarrhoea, were trivial. There was no significant intolerance.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Antibiotic resistance amongst various types of Haemophilus species.

Antibiotic resistance of haemophili was studied as part of an epidemiological survey on the distribution of biotypes of Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae from various clinical isolates. Biotype II H. influenzae was the commonest biotype isolated but biotype III yielded the most frequent antibiotic resistance. Resistance to ampicillin (15.1%) was commonest, followed by sulphonamide, tetracycline, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. Multi-resistant strains were found including one capsular type b (biotype III) strain. H. parainfluenzae biotype I was the commonest isolate but biotype II was most frequently resistant to antibiotics. The resistance pattern followed that of H. influenzae except for chloramphenicol to which resistance was commoner than for trimethoprim.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1983

Biotyping of Haemophilus using API 10S--an epidemiological tool?

One hundred and ninety-nine strains of Haemophilus isolates were biotyped by Kilian's method(1) and a modified API 10S strip and the results compared. One hundred percent correlation was found between the two systems. The ONPG test proved of value in differentiating between Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae when there was growth factor disc failure.

Adolescent↗