Beta-blockings in collyrium are much used in ophthalmology, in the treatment of chronic glaucoma with open angle, because they decrease the OT with 25-30%. They are well accepted, but have systemic effects. The collyria are drained by the lacrimal system and 80% of the product is absorbed by the nasal mucosa. If the active substance penetrates into the circulatory system, avoiding hepatic metabolization, it reaches the target organs in a rather considerable amount and leads sometimes to adverse effects, as a consequence of blockage of the specific receptors. Although these effects are not frequent in the usual practice, they might decompensate a poor cardiac or respiratory function. The physician has to take into account the cardio-respiratory state of the patients and to recommend concomitantly drugs that lower the myocardial conduction or contractibility.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

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[Aspirin in the preventive treatment of cataract].

In the patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated for a long time with aspirin, the percent of cataract is very low. Three action ways of aspirin were formulated in hindering the appearance of cataract: 1) acetylation of the lens proteins; 2) decrease of glycemia and 3) decrease of triptophen amount in the blood plasma. The lab experiments plead for these hypotheses. For preventing cataract, the persons with high risk of cataract and with incipient signs of opacity are recommended a daily and long treatment with 1/2 buffered and effervescent aspirin tablet, or 1 tablet at two days, under careful ophthalmologic surveillance.

Aged↗

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[Leukotrienes and the eye].

Leukotrienes are polyunsaturated fatty acids, derive from arachidonic acid. Today they have acquired importance in biology as they are involved in the function of live organisms, especially in superior animals, in the tissues and organs and the eyes.

Animals↗

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[Ocular vascular spasms (I)].

Apart from arterial circulatory disturbances produced by organic alterations of the arterial wall, thrombi that obstruct the lumen, compression that narrows the vascular lumen, poor blood perfusion in the vessels there also exist other, frequently not recognized etiologies, i.e. the vascular functional spasm. This ignored or neglected cause should be carefully studied and an emergency treatment applied.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗

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[The eye and ultraviolet radiation].

The latest investigations show that the ultraviolet radiations are more dangerous for the eye than appreciated up to now. There exist 3 types of UV rays: 1. UV with wavelengths between 100 and 280 nm, absorbed by the ozone layer of the stratosphere and which have no impact; 2. UV with wavelengths between 280 and 315 nm, noxious for the cornea; 3. UV with wavelengths between 315 and 400, noxious both for the cornea and for the lens. When the lens is removed, the UV rays penetrate into the retina, where they provoke cystoid macular edema and then detachment of retina of the anterior pole (A ultraviolet with wavelengths between 315 and 400 nm). Up to the age of 10, the cornea and the lens permit UV penetration. After this age, a cumulative effect is produced, by the appearance in the cornea and the lens of fluorescein "chromatophores", a pigmentation, a change of the soluble proteins into insoluble ones, with high molecular weight and appearance of free radicals. The final results of these changes is the formation of a cataract. Aphakia permits the penetration of the UV rays into the retina, where their phototoxic effect works and therefore the implantation of the lens for retaining the UV with 400 nm wavelength is necessary.

Aging↗

PubMedDate not supplied