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Biomedical subjects

S Mikkelsen

Publications and source records attributed to S Mikkelsen.

64 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

A cohort study of disability pension and death among painters with special regard to disabling presenile dementia as an occupational disease.

In the last decade several investigations have demonstrated an association between impaired cerebral function in employed workers and occupational exposure to organic solvents. Many case-histories and two case-referent studies indicate, that such an impairment might develop into disabling irreversible neuropsychiatric disease. The main purpose of this study was to further investigate the risk of chronic brain damage in solvent exposed workers. A cohort of 2601 male painters and 1790 male bricklayers from the Copenhagen area was identified retrospectively and followed Jan. 1,71-Dec. 31,75. For this period the incidence of disability pensioning and mortality was examined for the two occupational groups and for a "'normal" population of Copenhagen men. Using bricklayers and Copenhagen men as referents, the painters had a relative risk of approximately 3.5 of being awarded a disability pension due to a state of being awarded a disability pension due to a state of cryptogenic presenile dementia. When indications of alcohol abuse, cerebral concussions or other etiologic factors were present, the relative risk was approximately 2. No excess risk was found for neuropsychiatric diseases other than presenile dementia. Other differences between the groups were found, but they were inconsistent and difficult to interpret. In the light of the findings of this and other studies, it seems likely, that chronic brian damage may result from industrial exposure to organic solvents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A systematic review of intra-articular local anesthesia for postoperative pain relief after arthroscopic knee surgery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In a systematic review, we have evaluated double-blind, randomized, controlled trials of intra-articular local anesthesia compared with placebo or no treatment in the control of postoperative pain after arthroscopic knee surgery. METHODS: Outcome measures were pain scores, supplementary analgesics, and time to first analgesic request. Efficacy was estimated by significant difference (P < .05) as reported in the original reports and by calculation of the weighted mean difference of pain scores between treatment groups. RESULTS: Twenty studies with data from 895 patients were considered appropriate for analysis. Twelve of these 20 studies showed improved pain relief after intra-articular local anesthesia in at least one of the considered pain parameters, whereas the eight other studies were without such improvements. In ten of the positive studies, pain scores were significantly lower in the treatment groups compared with the control groups with visual analog scale (VAS) score reductions of between 10 and 35 mm early (1-4 hours) postoperatively. Quantitative analysis with calculation of the weighted mean difference in VAS confirmed a statistically significant but minor clinically important effect on postoperative pain scores. In nine studies, the consumption of supplementary analgesics was reduced 10-50% during observation periods of up to 4 hours; however, in most cases, the analgesic requirements were small to moderate. Only in two of six studies, where time to first analgesic request was evaluated, a significant prolongation of pain relief was observed as lasting between 30 and 50 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: There is a weak evidence for a reduction of postoperative pain after intra-articular local anesthesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery, which although being sinall to moderate and of short duration, may be of clinical significance in day-case surgery.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of oral ketamine on secondary hyperalgesia, thermal and mechanical pain thresholds, and sedation in humans.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and has been proven effective in alleviating secondary hyperalgesia in human subjects when injected intravenously. After oral ingestion, ketamine is metabolized into norketamine, which in vitro possesses NMDA receptor antagonistic effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of ketamine on secondary hyperalgesia evoked by standardized tissue injury. METHODS: Twenty-four male volunteers were included in the study. Each volunteer received the following treatment regimen, in randomized, double-blind, 3-way cross-over fashion: (A) placebo; (B) ketamine, 0.5 mg/kg; and (C) ketamine, 1.0 mg/kg. Standardized tissue injury was induced after study medication by heating the right calf with a rectangular thermode. The temperature was 47 degrees C, and heating time was 7 minutes. The following parameters were investigated: Pain during induction of the burn injury; heat-pain detection thresholds in the injured area and a corresponding noninjured area; secondary hyperalgesia surrounding the injured area on the calf; secondary hyperalgesia induced by heating an area on the thigh with 45 degrees C in 3 minutes; pressure-pain detection thresholds measured on the middle phalanx of the 4th left finger; pain during a 60-second thermal stimulation of 46 degrees C on undamaged skin on the left thigh; and side effects. RESULTS: Some degree of sedation was observed after oral administration of ketamine. No effects on any of the other investigated parameters were observed. CONCLUSION: Oral ketamine 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg has no effect on secondary hyperalgesia or thermal or mechanical pain thresholds in human volunteers.

Administration, Oral↗