Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Miyano.
[reaction: see text] The ortho position of the aromatic ring of pyridyl group-substituted aromatic compounds is directly arylated or alkenylated with organic halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of a ruthenium(II)-phosphine complex.
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We performed N-isopropyl-p (I-123) iodoamphetamine (IMP) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on 28 patients with severe cerebrovascular disease before rehabilitation, and compared the degree of redistribution and the assessment of activities of daily living (ADL). We calculated a redistribution (RD) ratio in the central and peripheral parts of the lesions: RD ratio (c) and RD ratio (p). We classified the patients into four groups based on the degree of redistribution: complete: both RD ratio (c) and (p) > or = 75; peripheral: RD ratio (c) < 75, RD ratio (p) > or = 75; incomplete: both RD ratio (c) and (p) < 75 and at least one of RD ratio (c) or (p) > or = 25; no redistribution: both RD ratio (c) and (p) < 25. We assessed the ADL using the modified Barthel index (BI). deltaBI was defined as BI after rehabilitation-BI before rehabilitation (BIpost-BIpre). The deltaBI of the four groups were as follows: complete-redistribution group (40.8 +/- 22.8), peripheral-redistribution group (40.0 +/- 15.8), incomplete-redistribution group (27.2 +/- 22.6), no-redistribution group (8.8 +/- 12.3). The deltaBI of the complete and peripheral redistribution groups were significantly higher than that of the no-redistribution group. However, deltaBI was almost the same in the complete- and peripheral-redistribution groups. This suggests that the effect of rehabilitation might be closely related to the viability of the peripheral part of the lesion.
ProDDO represents a 'pre-screened' database that denotes disorder (or possible disorder) in proteins from the PDB.
BACKGROUND: There are six histological classifications of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Japan. However, it is unclear whether all cases of the disease conform to these criteria. This study investigated the clinicopathological features of eight histologically unusual cases of ALD. METHODS: The characteristic features of alcohol drinking behavior, subjective and objective symptoms, laboratory data on admission, and progress after admission were analyzed for eight patients with acute-onset hepatitis. RESULT: The eight patients showed histologically acute hepatitis, with much spotty necrosis that contained granular ceroid pigment by Kupffer cells, which indicated acute parenchymal damage of the liver, but with no Mallory bodies and unremarkable intrasinusoidal neutrophilic infiltration. The only etiological factor for all the cases was habitual alcohol consumption, with increased consumption just before the onset of symptoms. In five cases that were tested, the patients were negative for hepatic viral markers, which included hepatitis G virus RNA and TT virus DNA. CONCLUSION: Some cases of ALD may not conform to the current histological classifications in either Japan or Western countries. It seems natural to consider that these cases are developed by other, unknown causes that overlap with ALD rather than as a result of damage from alcoholic overload.
OBJECTIVES: To study secondary osteoporosis postmenopause in women with hemiplegia and to show the therapeutic effects of etidronate and how osteoporotic conditions relate to the activities of daily living (ADL). DESIGN: Eighty-one postmenopausal women with hemiplegia were admitted within 6 mo of their first cerebrovascular accident. The bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured at the time of admission. Forty women (treatment group) received a 2-wk administration of etidronate. Forty-one women (control group) were not administered etidronate. RESULTS: After completing a 3-mo rehabilitation program, BMD levels were remeasured. ADL was evaluated by FIM. The low ADL group had a larger decrease in BMD than the high ADL group. For the control group, the BMD rate of change on the paretic side of the femoral neck was -9.6%/3 mo for the low ADL group. BMD loss was reduced significantly by the administration of etidronate for the low ADL group. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that ADL corresponds to the progression of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with hemiplegia and that increasing the level of ADL will reduce the progression of osteoporosis. Use of etidronate has also been proven to have a suppressive effect on the BMD decrease in women.
A total of 64 patients with renal trauma were treated at the Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, from January 1988 to December 1996. Patients were between 3 and 66 years old (mean 28.2); 56 (87.5%) of them were male and 8 (12.5%) were female. The main cause of injury was a traffic accident in 33 cases (51.6%). According to the Classification of Renal Injury by the Japanese Association for the Surgery of Trauma in Japan, there were 27 cases (42.2%) of Type I (subcapsular injury), 12 cases (18.8%) of Type II (superficial injury), 16 cases (25.0%) of Type III (Deep injury), 6 cases (9.4%) of Type IV (Pedicle injury). Surgical treatment was performed in 6 cases (9.3%). The major associated injuries were bone fracture in 33 cases (51.6%), lung injury in 20 cases (31.3%) and liver injury in 16 cases (25.0%). The literature is also reviewed briefly.
STUDY DESIGN: Change in lumbar lordosis was measured in patients that had undergone posterolateral lumbar fusions using transpedicular instrumentation. The biomechanical effects of postoperative lumbar malalignment were measured in cadaveric specimens. OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent of postoperative lumbar sagittal malalignment caused by an intraoperative kneeling position with 90 degrees of hip and knee flexion, and to assess its effect on the mechanical loading of the instrumented and adjacent segments. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The importance of maintaining the baseline lumbar lordosis after surgery has been stressed in the literature. However, there are few objective data to evaluate whether postoperative hypolordosis in the instrumented segments can increase the likelihood of junctional breakdown. METHODS: Segmental lordosis was measured on preoperative standing, intraoperative prone, and postoperative standing radiographs. In human cadaveric spines, a lordosis loss of up to 8 degrees was created across L4-S1 using calibrated transpedicular devices. Specimens were tested in extension and under axial loading in the upright posture. RESULTS: In patients who underwent L4-S1 fusions, the lordosis within the fusion decreased by 10 degrees intraoperatively and after surgery. Postoperative lordosis in the proximal (L2-L3 and L3-L4) segments increased by 2 degrees each, as compared with the preoperative measures. Hypolordosis in the instrumented segments increased the load across the posterior transpedicular devices, the posterior shear force, and the lamina strain at the adjacent level. CONCLUSIONS: Hypolordosis in the instrumented segments caused increased loading of the posterior column of the adjacent segments. These biomechanical effects may explain the degenerative changes at the junctional level that have been observed as long-term consequences of lumbar fusion.
In order to investigate the origin of the loop-type diuretic activity of M17055 (1), several variants (3-9) were designed and synthesized by modifying the quinolinone skeleton, and their diuretic activities were compared with the lead 1 and furosemide in dogs. It was found that the negative charge distribution pattern afforded by the dispositional arrangement of the 4-oxime-O-sulfonic acid and 1-N-acyl carbonyl moiety attached to the tetrahydropyridine ring system is inevitable for the development of the activity, which strongly supports the previously proposed model for the active site of the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter. Also reported is the first synthesis of the dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-7(4H)-one ring system required in the synthesis of compound 9.
A 68-year-old man presented with multiple hepatocellular carcinoma, which was considered to be unresectable at the first admission in January 1994. Pathological diagnosis was made by biopsy of the one lesion among them. From January 1994 to December 1997, 10 transarterial chemoembolizations and six percutaneous ethanol injection therapies were performed on the tumours in the cirrhotic liver. In February 1998 the tumour situated in the right lobe began to increase in size. The maximum tumour diameter was 6.3 cm measured by computed tomography (CT). In the beginning of May 1998 moderate ascites was present and mild hepatic encephalopathy was noticed. The patient was in the terminal stage of hepatocellular carcinoma and no further treatment was possible at that time. However, serum alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II dramatically decreased in June 1998. The CT scan also showed that the tumour had completely regressed without specific treatment. In February 1999 a new biopsy-proven hepatocellular carcinoma, 2 cm in diameter, developed in the lateral segment of the liver. It was well treated by percutaneous ethanol injection therapy. The patient was alive in good condition without any symptoms or tumour recurrence in June 1999. It was concluded that a rare case of spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma had occurred.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The indications for laparoscopic microwave coagulation therapy (LMCT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not yet been adequately evaluated. This study investigated the value of LMCT in the treatment of HCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-three patients with liver cirrhosis (including five patients in Child Pugh grade C), with 56 HCC lesions, were enrolled in the study. When dynamic computed tomography (CT) showed a loss in HCC enhancement characteristics and a low concentration area after LMCT, a lesion was judged to have undergone complete necrosis. RESULTS: The rate of complete necrosis for lesions measuring 40 mm or less was significantly higher (P<0.01) than for those measuring 41 mm or more. The rate of complete necrosis for lesions located on the liver surface, excluding those located close to the gallbladder or in contact with the diaphragm, was also significantly higher (P<0.01) than for those situated deep within the liver. The outcome for lesions of 40 mm or less was favorable. Intra-abdominal hemorrhage occurred in two patients, pneumothorax in three, and hepatic infarction in one, all associated with LMCT. However, these patients did not suffer any sequelae of clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there is a strong indication for LMCT for HCCs measuring 40 mm or less in diameter and those located on the liver surface even if they are as large as 50 mm, but not for those located close to the gallbladder or in contact with the diaphragm. LMCT appears to be applicable in patients with impaired liver function.
Due to the recent progress of the DNA microarray technology, a large number of gene expression profile data are being produced. How to analyze gene expression data is an important topic in computational molecular biology. Several studies have been done using the Boolean network as a model of a genetic network. This paper proposes efficient algorithms for identifying Boolean networks of bounded indegree and related biological networks, where identification of a Boolean network can be formalized as a problem of identifying many Boolean functions simultaneously. For the identification of a Boolean network, an O(mnD+1) time naive algorithm and a simple O (mnD) time algorithm are known, where n denotes the number of nodes, m denotes the number of examples, and D denotes the maximum in degree. This paper presents an improved O(momega-2nD + mnD+omega-3) time Monte-Carlo type randomized algorithm, where omega is the exponent of matrix multiplication (currently, omega < 2.376). The algorithm is obtained by combining fast matrix multiplication with the randomized fingerprint function for string matching. Although the algorithm and its analysis are simple, the result is nontrivial and the technique can be applied to several related problems.
MOTIVATION: Inferring genetic network architecture from time series data of gene expression patterns is an important topic in bioinformatics. Although inference algorithms based on the Boolean network were proposed, the Boolean network was not sufficient as a model of a genetic network. RESULTS: First, a Boolean network model with noise is proposed, together with an inference algorithm for it. Next, a qualitative network model is proposed, in which regulation rules are represented as qualitative rules and embedded in the network structure. Algorithms are also presented for inferring qualitative relations from time series data. Then, an algorithm for inferring S-systems (synergistic and saturable systems) from time series data is presented, where S-systems are based on a particular kind of nonlinear differential equation and have been applied to the analysis of various biological systems. Theoretical results are shown for Boolean networks with noises and simple qualitative networks. Computational results are shown for Boolean networks with noises and S-systems, where real data are not used because the proposed models are still conceptual and the quantity and quality of currently available data are not enough for the application of the proposed methods.
Modeling genetic networks and metabolic networks is an important topic in bioinformatics. We propose a qualitative network model which is a combination of the Boolean network and qualitative reasoning, where qualitative reasoning is a kind of reasoning method well-studied in Artificial Intelligence. We also present algorithms for inferring qualitative networks from time series data and an algorithm for inferring S-systems (synergistic and saturable systems) from time series data, where S-systems are based on a particular kind of nonlinear differential equation and have been applied to the analysis of various biological systems.
It is important to provide a representation method of gene regulatory networks which realizes the intuitions of biologists while keeping the universality in its computational ability. In this paper, we propose a method to exploit hybrid Petri net (HPN) for representing gene regulatory networks. The HPN is an extension of Petri nets which have been used to represent many kinds of systems including stochastic ones in the field of computer sciences and engineerings. Since the HPN has continuous and discrete elements, it can easily handle biological factors such as protein and mRNA concentrations. We demonstrate that, by using HPNs, it is possible to translate biological facts into HPNs in a natural manner. It should be also emphasized that a hierarchical approach is taken for our construction of the genetic switch mechanism of lambda phage which is realized by using HPNs. This hierarchical approach with HPNs makes easier the arrangement of the components in the gene regulatory network based on the biological facts and provides us a prospective view of the network. We also show some computational results of the protein dynamics of the lambda phage mechanism that is simulated and observed by implementing the HPN on a currently available tool.
We treated post-traumatic contracture of the elbow in 13 consecutive patients (14 elbows) by operative release. Through a single medial approach, the posterior oblique bundle of the medial collateral ligament was resected, followed by posterior and anterior capsulectomies. An additional lateral release through a separate incision was required in only four elbows. The results were assessed at a mean interval of 57 months after operation. Before surgery active extension lacked 43 degrees which improved to 17 degrees after operation. Active flexion before operation was 89 degrees, which improved to 127 degrees. The mean arc of movement increased from 46 degrees to 110 degrees. All 14 elbows showed scarring of the posterior oblique bundle of the medial collateral ligament. Neither the interval from injury to operative release nor the age of the patient affected the results. A medial approach is useful to reveal and excise the pathological changes in the medial collateral ligament. It is a safe and effective route through which to correct post-traumatic contracture of the elbow.
A 27-year-old man who had been diagnosed as having chronic hepatitis B suffered disease exacerbation with marked reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Treatment with interferon (IFN) did not improve his condition, and his serum HBV DNA level increased to over 10 000 pg/ml during IFN administration. Following replacement with lamivudine, there was a substantial reduction in HBV DNA to an undetectable level, and liver function parameters subsequently improved to within the normal range. Quantitative analysis of the precore mutant HBV DNA, which is a variant that cannot express hepatitis B e antigen due to a G-to-A point mutation in the precore region of the viral genome, revealed that the amount present was greater than for the precore wild-type HBV DNA in the serum taken before IFN treatment. This case suggests that lamivudine would be an appropriate alternative to IFN, particularly in patients infected with HBV containing an excess of precore mutants resistant to IFN therapy.
New chirally modified p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arenes were synthesized via conformation- and/or regioselective etherification with ethyl bromoacetate followed by hydrolysis of the ester moiety and then subsequent amidation with (S)-1-phenyl-ethylamine or (S)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine. These chiral selectors were coated with OV-17 on capillary columns to examine their ability as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for discrimination of enantiomeric amino acid, amine and alcohol derivatives. It was found that CSP-(S)-4 prepared from cone-shaped tetra-(S)-1-phenylethylamide (S)-4 showed good to fair separations for all the samples examined. On the contrary, the corresponding CSP-(S)-14 prepared from the cone-shaped tetraamide (S)-14 of the parent p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene did not indicate any enantioseparation at all for the same samples, showing that the bridging group of the calix[4]arene ring is critical for the advent of enantioselectivity. The effect of the types and the numbers of the chiral amide groups in the chiral selectors on enantioselectivity was also discussed.