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Biomedical subjects

S Morinobu

Publications and source records attributed to S Morinobu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Influence of aging on the contractile response to endothelin of rat thoracic aorta.

Age-related changes in the contractile response to endothelin-1 and ACh were assessed in thoracic aortas isolated from 2-, 6- and 24-month-old male Fischer 344 rats. In aortic strips with an intact endothelium, the maximal contractile response to endothelin-1 decreased with development to maturity. Removal of the endothelium did not affect the contractile response to endothelin-1. Endothelin-1 did not elicit a relaxant response in phenylephrine-precontracted strips. The ACh-induced relaxation decreased in senescent rats. These results indicate that the contractile response of aortic smooth muscle to endothelin-1 decreases with age, and that the endothelial vasorelaxant factors do not contribute to this age-induced modulation.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

[Sulfuric acid submicron aerosols induce morphological changes in the central airways in the guinea pig].

We examined the airway injury of the guinea pig exposed to sulfuric acid submicron aerosols (1 mg/m3). The animals were exposed to filtered air (sham control) or to submicrometer-sized sulfuric acid aerosols for 4 hr/day, 6 days/week, with sacrifices after 4 hours, 3 days, 1, 2, and 4 weeks of acid exposure. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed that epithelial injury such as disappearance of cilia in the central airways was observed and the severity of the injury increased with exposure duration. This experimental study shows that submicrometer particles of sulfuric acid induces significant alterations in the central airways and may be involved in the incidence of asthma attack.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1990

Acetylcholinesterase activities and monoamine metabolite levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

We measured cholinesterase (ChE) activity and monoamine metabolite levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 22 patients with early-onset Alzheimer type dementia (Alzheimer's disease; AD) and of 32 controls. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were significantly lower in AD patients than in controls. However, there was an overlap in values of each CSF parameter. The measurement of various CSF parameters rather than one alone was more useful as a diagnostic aid. CSF ChE activities correlated with scores on the GBS rating scale, Hasegawa dementia scale, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, but the monoamine metabolite levels did not. Although cholinergic and monoaminergic deficits may coexist in AD patients, cholinergic deficits tend to be more often associated with cognitive decline than the monoaminergic deficits.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

[The relationship between alveolar apertures and alveolar size and smoking history in humans, and experimental studies on air pollutants].

Using surgical specimens from patients with lung tumor, alveolar apertures and alveolar sizes were quantitatively assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Compared with smoking habits, increased apertures, defined as alveolar destruction were observed in patients smoking more than 35 years, whereas alveolar size was increased in patients, with a 15-year smoking history. Experimental studies with exposure to NO2, O3 and H2SO4 mist showed that exposure of NO2 and H2SO4 could induce epithelial injury such as disappearance of cilia in the central airways.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Cases of severe methyl bromide poisoning residing above a warehouse].

Methyl bromide has been widely used in Japan to fumigate grains and wood. One death and 3 cases of hospitalization resulted from exposure to methyl bromide at place of residence. These 4 cases were not employed and were members of one family living above a warehouse, the ground level of this building was a warehouse where herbs were stored and the second floor was their living area. On the 13th of May 1978 at 7:00 p.m., the herbs were fumigated with methyl bromide gas. The fumigator used 15 kg of methyl bromide (2 cylinders), a quantity far greater than usual. It is assumed that the concentration in the warehouse was between 10,000-15,000 ppm. Early in the morning on the 16th of May (3 days later), one of the family members, a 12-year-old girl, developed severe convulsions, and later 2 others also had severe convulsions, while the other suffered from marked mental confusion. The serum or plasma bromide ion level ranged from 280 to 600 ppm. The results of the clinical laboratory test showed that GOT exceeded the normal level in 3 out of the 4 cases. Moreover, LDH activity was above the normal range in 3 cases and CPK activity was increased in all the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Noradrenergic function and the dexamethasone suppression test in depression.

We measured the plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels and the serum cortisol levels before and after the oral administration of dexamethasone. There was not a significant difference in the plasma free MHPG levels between the patients with major depression and normal subjects. There was a significant positive correlation between the plasma MHPG levels and postdexamethasone cortisol levels in patients with major depression. This indicates that there exists a certain relation between abnormalities of the central noradrenergic systems and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with major depression. The mean total scores of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression of the first (MHPG less than 5 ng/ml) and third (10 ng/ml less than or equal to MHPG) groups were significantly higher than those of the second (5 less than or equal to MHPG less than 10 ng/ml) group.

Depressive Disorder↗