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S Moriuchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Moriuchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Some properties of luminal sucrase and sucrase-isomaltase complex in rat small intestine.

Some properties of luminal sucrase-isomaltase complex and the effect of luminal fluid on their complex were studied in rat small intestine. Luminal contents were collected by flushing the small intestine with the buffered solution. The enzyme activity was observed in luminal contents and intestinal mucosa. Sucrase and isomaltase activities were located mainly in the intestinal mucosa. However, approximately 20% of sucrase and 10% of isomaltase activities of total small intestine were found in the luminal contents. A significant amount of sucrase without isomaltase activity, the molecular weight of which was estimated at about 140,000 daltons, was found in the luminal supernatant of the distal intestine in addition to the complexed form of sucrase and isomaltase. The luminal sucrase and sucrase-isomaltase complex had similar properties such as Km values, optimal pH, molecular weights and antigenicity against anti sucrase-isomaltase antibody compared with brush border membrane-bound sucrase-isomaltase complex. Furthermore, the supernatant of the luminal contents of the ileum had a degradative effect on the isomaltase moiety of the purified sucrase-isomaltase complex and a free sucrase without isomaltase also appeared in vitro as observed in vivo. These results suggest that the sucrase-isomaltase complex is released into the intestinal lumen from the brush border membrane and that a luminal factor affects the degradation step of this enzyme as well as the biosynthesis of sucrase-isomaltase complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Changes of sugar-evoked transmural potential differences in intestine of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

The changes of the transmural electrical potential difference (delta PD) evoked by infusion of glucose, maltose and sucrose and the disaccharidase activities in the everted intestine were studied in diabetic rats. After the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, delta PDs evoked by sugars and the enzyme activities were observed in the jejunum and ileum. delta PDs evoked by glucose, maltose and sucrose markedly increased both in the jejunum and ileum of diabetic rats. The Kt values for these sugars in diabetic rats were the same as those of control rats. The Vmax values were significantly increased in the ileum of diabetic rats. Maltase and sucrase activities in the ileum increased in diabetic rats. Highly significant linear correlations were found between the delta PDs evoked by glucose and the delta PDs evoked by maltose or sucrose both in the jejunum and ileum of control and diabetic rats. However, delta PDs evoked by maltose and sucrose did not correlate with maltase and sucrase activities in the jejunum. In the ileum, delta PDs evoked by sucrose correlated with the sucrase activity which was very low. These results suggest that the increase of transport of glucose derived from disaccharides in the diabetes induced by streptozotocin is mainly due to the increased activity of the glucose transport system, but not due to the increase of disaccharidase activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of aging and castration on the changes in the levels of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in bone and serum of female rat.

Using female rats from 2 to 64 weeks old, the changes in bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) levels in bone and serum were studied in relation to the changes in calcium metabolism during aging. Intestinal calcium transport, serum phosphorus level, bone origin serum alkaline phosphatase activity and serum BGP content were high in rapidly growing animals and then decreased with aging. Serum BGP content correlated well to bone origin serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Bone density, bone ash content and bone BGP content increased during aging. Bone BGP content was correlated to bone density which indicates the level of bone calcification. Moreover, the effect of castration on calcium metabolism and bone and serum BGP contents were observed in young (10 weeks old) and aged (40 weeks old) female rat at 12 and 24 weeks after operation. Intestinal calcium transport in ovariectomized rat was significantly lower than in sham operated rat. Serum phosphorus level and serum BGP content were increased in castrated female rat. However, serum calcium level and bone origin serum alkaline phosphatase activity did not show a significant change in castrated female rat. Bone density was significantly decreased in aged rat at 24 weeks after operation. During aging or castration, serum BGP content changed more than bone BGP content. The determination of change in serum BGP levels in various disorders of calcium metabolism would be very informative in future study.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1983

Changes of the activity and content of sucrase-isomaltase complex in the intestinal mucosa during the development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.

The changes in the activity and content of sucrase-isomaltase complex (S-I) in the intestinal mucosa were studied during the development of diabetes induced by streptozotocin in rats. On days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 after an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg), the enzyme activity and the enzyme content were observed in the jejunum and ileum. Sucrase and isomaltase activities markedly increased from the 3rd day both in the jejunum and ileum, and kept increasing till the 10th day especially in the ileum. The enzyme content of S-I also increased in parallel with its activity during the development of diabetes. However, in the early stage of diabetes, sucrase activity per microgram of S-I content increased both in the jejunum and ileum. Isomaltase activity per microgram of S-I content increased temporarily in the ileum. These results suggest that the increase of disaccharidase activities in the early stage of diabetes induced by streptozotocin is not only due to the increase of the enzyme content, but also due to the change of the enzyme catalytic property.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The changes of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in bone and serum of developing chick.

The changes of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) levels in bone and serum were studied in relation to those in calcium metabolism using chick embryos and chicks aged from 13 days' incubation to 8 weeks old. Chick BGP was determined by radioimmunoassay using antiserum to purified chick BGP. BGP levels in bone and serum increased significantly at hatching and then decreased until 3-5 days of age. Thereafter, BGP levels in bone and serum increased gradually until 8 weeks of age. These changes of BGP levels were well correlated with those of serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and bone calcium content. The molecular size of increased serum BGP at hatching was not different from that of bone BGP. These results suggest that BGP plays a role in hatching and bone formation during chick development.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Effect of sucrose and Acarbose feeding on the development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat.

The effects of sucrose and Acarbose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor) feeding on the development of diabetes were studied in streptozotocin-treated rats. Rats were raised on four different dietary regimens, viz, a sucrose diet (46% of the total weight in the form of sucrose, 24% as starch), a starch diet (70% as starch), a standard diet (laboratory chow: Oriental Yeast Co.) or an Acarbose diet (a standard diet containing 75 mg Acarbose/100g diet) for a week followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg). Development of diabetes was determined by urinary and blood glucose levels (more than 250 mg/dl). The incidence of diabetes in the groups of rats fed on sucrose, starch, standard, and Acarbose diets was 100%, 80%, 70% and 47.6%, respectively. The development of diabetes was accelerated by sucrose feeding and depressed by Acarbose feeding. There was mild diabetes in rats fed on Acarbose diet. The sucrose feeding caused a marked increase of disaccharidase activities in the proximal part of the intestine and in the apical part of the villus-crypt gradient of epithelial cells. The Acarbose feeding caused a significant decrease of disaccharidase activities. The changes in protein content of the sucrase-isomaltase complex appeared to be in parallel with those of disaccharidase activities. These results suggest that intestinal disaccharidase activities are involved in the development of experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1982

Demonstration of sucrase-isomaltase complex in chick intestine.

It was investigated whether sucrase and isomaltase form an enzyme-enzyme complex in chick intestine or not, and some properties of the disaccharidases were compared with those of other species. 1) Chick intestinal sucrase and isomaltase were shown to exist in the form of an enzyme-enzyme complex from the results of polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, DEAE Sephadex A-25 ion exchange column chromatography and citraconylation, although the chick intestinal sucrase and isomaltase were not retained on a Sephadex G-200 column. 2) The molecular weights of sucrase-isomaltase complex, maltase I, maltase II, maltase III and isomaltase dissociated from sucrase-isomaltase complex were estimated to be 250,000, 250,000, 160,000, 225,000 and 80,000, respectively, by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. 3) The optimum pH for all the enzymes was 6.0. 4) Km values of sucrase, isomaltase, maltase I and maltase III were 10.0, 3.5, 1.0 and 4.6 mM, respectively. Vmax values for sucrase, isomaltase, maltase I and maltase III were 217.4, 281.4, 147.1 and 454.5 mumol substrate hydrolyzed/mg protein/hr, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Nitrogen balance and hepatic gluconeogenesis in rats fed on diets containing various proportions of carbohydrate and fat.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various proportions of dietary carbohydrate and fat in diet on protein and carbohydrate metabolism. The growth rate, nitrogen balance, urinary and serum urea levels, and the activities of key ureogenic and gluconeogenic enzymes in the livers were examined in the weanling and growing rats. The rats were raised on a 20% casein diet containing various proportions of carbohydrate and fat, viz. 30% and 50%, 50% and 30%, 60% and 20% or 70% and 10% as calorie percent, respectively, for 10 days. For both weanling and growing rats, the growth rate was unaffected by the alteration in the proportions of carbohydrate and fat in the diets. However, in the rats fed on the 30% carbohydrate-50% fat diet, the urinary excretion of nitrogen and urea were reduced in both groups and these findings were reflected in the reduced serum urea level. Arginase activity decreased. In contrast, glucose-6-phosphatase activity was enhanced in the animals of the 30% carbohydrate-50% fat diet group as compared to the other groups. These results suggest that a low carbohydrate-high fat diet causes the reduction of urea formation and the enhancement of glucose formation at a fixed level of protein in the diets in weanling as well as in growing rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the duodenal villi and alkaline phosphatase in the developing chick embryo.

Administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to developing 14-day chick embryo gave precocious induction of alkaline phosphatase in 20-day chick embryonic duodenum. 1,25-(OH)-2D3-induced alkaline phosphase involved in changes in Km and Vmax values. Furthermore, polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of n-butanol-solubilized alkaline phosphatase from control and 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated chick embryonic duodenum revealed that 1,25-(OH)2D3 involved the transformation of neuraminidase-resistant fast migrating form to the neuraminidase-sensitive faster migrating one. Scanning electron microscopic data showed that the injection of 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulated the elongation of duodenal microvilli, although there was no effect on the duodenal absorptive epithelial cell height.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Purification and characterization of calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid from rat bone.

A gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein was purified from rat femur cortical bone. The presence of 4 Gla residues in the rat protein was shown by amino acid analysis on alkaline and acid hydrolysates. The protein was extracted from rat cortical bone with 0.5 M EDTA (pH 7.6) and purified from the EDTA extracts by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25. The protein has a molecular weight of about 6,000 on the basis of amino acid composition. The protein had 56 amino acid residues containing significant amounts of Asp, Glu, and Gla (acidic amino acids). The protein showed calcium-binding activity with Kd = 0.2 mM and calcium-dependent electrophoretic mobility.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1980

Effect of food restriction on intestinal disaccharidases in streptozotocin-induced diabetes of rat.

The effect of food restriction on the intestinal weight and membrane digestive enzyme activities was observed in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin. The specific activities of disaccharidases of food non-restricted diabetic rats were not changed, but total activities were significantly increased due to the increase of intestinal mucosal weight. Restriction of food intake did not increase intestinal mucosal weight, but significantly increased the specific and total activities of disaccharidases in parallel with the increase of sucrase-isomaltase content. On the other hand, experimental diabetes did not influence the activity of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase except for specific and total activities of alkaline phosphatase in food non-restricted rats.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Interaction of 1 alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with the chick intestinal 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor system.

The interaction of 1 alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with the 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor system was studied in chick intestinal mucosa. The competitive receptor binding assay indicated that 1 alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 bound to a cytosol 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor with a relatively high affinity compared with other vitamin D3 analogs. The R-isomer of 1 alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 revealed higher affinity for the receptor than the S-isomer. In the reconstituted cytosol-chromatin system, bith 1 alpha, 24(R)-dihydroxy[3H]-vitamin D3 and 1 alpha, 24(S)-dihydroxy-[3H]-vitamin D3 specifically associated with chromatin via a temperature-dependent process. The association of 1 alpha, 24-dihydroxy-[3H]-vitamin D3 with chromatin was reduced in the presence of competing unlabeled 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Furthermore, the chromatin-associated 1 alpha, 24-dihydroxy-[3H]-vitamin D3 was dissociated by a high concentration of KCl, likewise 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-[3H]-vitamin D3. From these results, it is strongly indicated that 1 alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitaim D3 is recognized by cytosol 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor as an analog of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and associates with chromatin by the same mechanism as 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

Animals↗