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S Mushtaq

Publications and source records attributed to S Mushtaq.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria from ICU patients in UK hospitals to antimicrobial agents.

Microbiologists in 25 sentinel laboratories were each asked to refer up to 100 clinically-significant Gram-positive bacteria isolated from consecutive intensive care unit (ICU) patients. A total of 1595 isolates were collected from patients in 23 hospitals; these included Staphylococcus aureus (47.6%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (30.6%), enterococci (14.3%), pneumococci (2.8%) and other streptococci (3.5%). A few coryneforms, other bacilli and a Nocardia sp. were also collected. Rates of oxacillin resistance among S. aureus and CNS isolates were 59.3 and 78.5%, respectively. Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus were not detected, although two isolates (0.3%) were resistant to teicoplanin [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) 8 mg/L]. In contrast, 13.7% of CNS were teicoplanin resistant (MICs 8-32 mg/L) and 1.2% were resistant to vancomycin. Among the enterococci, 72.5% were Enterococcus faecalis and 24.5% were Enterococcus faecium, the remainder including isolates of Enterococcus casseliflavus or Enterococcus gallinarum. Eighteen percent of E. faecium isolates were vancomycin-resistant, compared with only 3% of E. faecalis isolates. Rates of high-level gentamicin resistance in E. faecalis and E. faecium were 40 and 25%, respectively. Nine percent of pneumococci and streptococci were resistant to penicillin, with 7 and 11%, respectively, resistant to erythromycin. None of the isolates showed resistance to linezolid, with the MICs for the entire study population falling in the range of 0.5-4 mg/L.

Coagulase↗
PubMed2003

In vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam and other broad-spectrum antibiotics against bacteria from hospitalised patients in the British Isles.

Piperacillin/tazobactam is used for empirical therapy of severe and complex infections. We assessed its activity, 9 years after launch, against consecutive, clinically significant isolates from in-patients in UK and Ireland. Standardised disc susceptibility tests were performed on 5031 isolates at 28 hospitals. For quality assurance purposes, 5% of these isolates were collected centrally for MIC tests, as were those with exceptional resistances. Compared with a similar pre-launch survey in 1991, there were major increases in the proportions of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, beta-haemolytic streptococci and Enterococcus faecium isolates collected, balanced by decreases in Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and coagulase-negative staphylococci. These changes in species prevalence mostly favoured organisms with inherent resistance(s) or-in the case of S. aureus-reflected the massive increase of MRSA, up from 0.7% of all isolates in 1991 to 14.8% in 2001. Based on the disc tests, piperacillin/tazobactam retained activity against 87% of Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 95% of P. aeruginosa, 99% of streptococci and 96% of Enterococcus faecalis. Resistance nevertheless had increased since 1991 in E. coli from 4 to 10%, Klebsiella spp. (5 to 21%) and in AmpC-inducible Enterobacteriaceae (17 to 23%), though not in P. mirabilis or P. aeruginosa. MIC tests confirmed most of the piperacillin/tazobactam resistance found by disc tests in Enterobacter spp., but indicated susceptibility for about half of the E. coli isolates recorded as resistant in disc tests. This situation might be remedied by reducing the zone breakpoint, but this would increase the "false susceptible" rate unacceptably. Thus, if disc tests suggest that an isolate is marginally resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam and the drug is sought as therapy, it is recommended that MIC be determined with, e.g., an Etest.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2001

Morphological spectrum of ophthalmic tumors in northern Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the frequency and pattern of ophthalmic tumours in Northern Pakistan. METHODS: This study included all ophthalmic tumours diagnosed during a one year period (January to December 1992). RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen ophthalmic tumours were diagnosed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and Pathology Department of the Army Medical College (AMC), Rawalpindi. Of these tumours, 70 were malignant (61.5%) and 44 were benign (38.5%). The age distribution of malignant ophthalmic tumours had two peaks. The first was seen in the paediatric age group and was mainly due to retinoblastoma. The second peak was seen above 50 years of age and was mainly due to conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and malignant eyelid tumours which constituted 85% of the malignant ophthalmic tumours in paediatric age group. The average age at presentation of retinoblastoma was 3.8 years. The average age at presentation for squamous cell carcinoma was 56 years. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant eyelid tumour (55%). The most common extraocular malignant orbital tumour was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Malignant melanoma of the uvea formed 22% of all melanomas diagnosed during this period. The most common benign tumours were naevi (33%), epidermal inclusion cysts (18%), choristomata (16%) and haemangioma (8%). The malignant ophthalmic tumours constituted 3% of all the malignant tumours diagnosed in Northern Pakistan during 1992 at AFIP and AMC, Rawalpindi. CONCLUSION: The ophthalmic tumours, both benign and malignant are not infrequent in clinical practice in Northern Pakistan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Morphological study of liver in patients of chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon.

The effect of interferon therapy on liver morphology was assessed in ten patients with serologically proven chronic hepatitis C. All these patients received 3 million units of alpha interferon three times a week. Six patients received therapy for 6 months, two patients for 12 months, one patient each for 3 and 9 months. All patients underwent a second liver biopsy 1 to 6 months after cessation of therapy. Alanine aminotransferase levels were determined before, during and after therapy. Each biopsy was assessed histologically by revised classification of chronic hepatitis proposed by Desmet et al and Kondell histological activity index was determined. Four patients showed significant reduction in the necroinflammatory activity with decrease in the HAI and normalisation of ALT level. Three patients showed partial reduction in the necroinflammatory activity with partial reduction of ALT levels. Two patients did not show any change in the grade of disease while one patient showed worsening of necroinflammatory activity with rising ALT levels. One patient showed a significant reduction in fibrosis with conversion of early developing cirrhosis into bridging fibrosis. A second liver biopsy is extremely useful for assessing the response of interferon treatment, however, it must be done at a suitable time after cessation of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The morphological variants of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: a clinico-pathological study--AFIP experience. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.

Many variants of papillary carcinoma of thyroid have been described. Identification of some of these may have prognostic implications. Eighty-two cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid diagnosed at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi over a six year period were reviewed with the aim of identifying these variants. Fifty-eight (70.7%) were classical papillary carcinoma. Thirteen (15.9%) had follicular variant, 6 (7.3%) columnar cell variant and 3 (3.7%) had tall cell variant. The mean age at diagnosis was 27 years for classical papillary carcinoma, 46 years for follicular variant, 61 years for columnar cell variant and 52 years for tall cell variant. The columnar cell variant had a more aggressive clinical presentation than others. Tall cell, columnar cell and diffuse sclerosing variant have a poor prognosis. An effort should be made to identify them on histopathology so that specific therapy can be planned.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of Epstein-Barr viral sequences and EBV LMP1 oncogene deletions in Burkitt's lymphoma from Pakistan: epidemiological correlations.

To investigate the potential relationship of socioeconomic status with the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and to understand the significance of del-LMP-1 within EBV+ cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), we studied 10 cases of BL, 30 cases of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) arising in nonimmunocompromised patients, and 30 reactive tonsillar biopsy specimens from Pakistan. Each lymphoma was analyzed for EBV by EBER1 RNA in situ hybridization (EBV-RISH). Cases showing hybridization signal within neoplastic cells and all reactive tonsillar tissues were analyzed for EBV strain type by EBNA-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for the presence of a del-LMP-1 by PCR. Eight of 10 (80%) of BL were EBV+, each containing EBV strain A and a wild-type LMP-1 gene. In contrast, only 4 of 30 DLCL (13%) cases were EBV positive (three strain A, one strain B), each containing a wild-type LMP-1 gene. Fifteen of 30 tonsillar biopsy specimens contained EBV, all of which were strain A and wild-type for LMP1. The prevalence of EBV in BL from Pakistan is slightly lower than in BL in endemic regions, but significantly higher than in BL in North America. EBV positivity probably reflects the socioeconomic status of the patient population and age at seroconversion. The absence of del-LMP-1 within all EBV+ BL cases is consistent with the view that del-LMP-1 is not involved in the pathogenesis of BL, and the presence of del-LMP-1 in EBV+ cases of BL reported in other studies may likely reflect the prevalence of a viral strain containing the 30-bp deletion within the respective population studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A morphological study of histological activity index (HAI) and scoring system in hepatitis-C.

A retrospective morphological study of 25 cases of serologically positive chronic hepatitis C was carried out. Paraffin embedded sections were stained with haematoxylin, eosin and Gomori reticulin stains. The histological features were scored according to both Knodell and Scheuer systems. The results of Knodell showed 32% cases scored between 4-8 and 48% between 9-12. Cases of conventional category of chronic persistent hepatitis scored between 1-3 and chronic active hepatitis score ranged between 4-12. The scoring systems provide a good guideline for management/selection of cases for interferone therapy and subsequent evaluation and assessment of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The use of fine needle aspiration biopsy in the management of thyroid disease.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy is now a first line investigation in thyroid disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of this technique in comparison with routine histopathology. A total of 593 aspirations over a four year period were included. There were 390 (65.7%) solitary nodules, 124 (20.9%) multinodular goiters, 66 (11.1%) diffuse goitres and 13 (2.2%) recurrent post thyroidectomy nodules. Radioisotope scanning in 386 cases showed 325 (84.2%) cold nodules, 54 (14.0%) warm nodules and 7 (1.8%) hot nodules. There were 458 (77.2%) colloid goitres and cysts, 14 cases of thyroiditis (2.2%) and 30 malignancies diagnosed on fine needle aspiration biopsy. In 19 cases (3.2%) a diagnosis of follicular neoplasm and in 29 cases (4.9%) a diagnosis of suspicious aspirate was made. Histological results were available in 176 cases. In 108 cases findings of histology and FNAB were compared with radioisotope scanning. A sensitivity of 92.8% and 42.8%, a specificity of 90.1% and 98.7% and accuracy index of 90.3% and 94.3% was found, when considering suspicious cases alternatively as positives and negatives. Surgery was recommended in all suspicious cases to prevent reduction in sensitivity of the technique. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was found to be a highly effective procedure which can obviate a lot of unnecessary surgery in thyroid lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The value of fine needle aspiration biopsy in the management of breast disease.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy is a technique used all over the world in the diagnosis and management of breast lumps. It is safe, quick, accurate, cost effective and acceptable to the patients. We reviewed 234 fine needle aspiration biopsies performed over a period extending from 1991-1993 for diagnosis of breast lesions. Majority of the patients presented with breast lumps (89.7%). On FNAB 144 (61.4%) cases were reported as benign and 60 (25.6%) as malignant. Histological diagnosis was available in 116 cases. On comparison with open biopsy diagnosis, FNAB was found to have a sensitivity of 96.4%, a specificity of 95.5% and efficiency rate of 96.2%. The results of the study endorse the use of FNAB as an accurate and effective technique in the management of breast ailments in our set-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Granulocytic sarcoma in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Granulocytic sarcoma is an unusual variant of myeloid malignancy most commonly encountered in the course of chronic or acute myeloid leukaemia. Of 60 patients of chronic myeloid leukaemia studied over 21 months, we encountered 6 (10%) cases of granulocytic sarcoma. Four of these had granulocytic sarcoma on their first presentation. All those who were receiving hydroxyurea did not fare well but one who was put on DAT (daunorubicin, cyftosine arabinocide, 6 thioguanine)regimen went into remission with complete disappearance of lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Malignant tumours of the male breast--a review of 50 cases.

Carcinoma of breast is one of the less frequent malignancies in males. In this study 50 cases of malignant tumours of male breast diagnosed during a 10 years period (1980-1989) are analysed retrospectively. The malignant breast tumours in males were about 3% of all breast malignancies in both sexes and 0.34% of all types of malignant tumours diagnosed during the study period. One male breast was involved for every 33 female cases. The peak incidence was between 5th to 7th decade with mean age of 58.54 years. The mean duration of symptoms was 13.69 months and 46.15% cases reported to the hospital after one year of their symptoms. Clinically, a painless lump in the breast was most frequently seen, followed by ulceration of the skin. Histologically, the infiltrating duct carcinoma (grade III) was the predominant lesion and one case of Paget's disease of the breast was also seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Ki-1 large cell anaplastic lymphoma--a clinicopathological study.

Ki-1 large cell anaplastic lymphoma is a recently described variant of malignant lymphoma. A retrospective study of 10 cases of Ki-1 lymphoma was carried out at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi to document its clinical and morphological features. The morphological features were evaluated by a study of paraffin embedded sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin stains. Immunohistochemical stains for BER-H2 and leucocyte common antigen (LCA) were performed in all cases. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 60 years and male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Cervical lymphadenopathy was the most common presentation. Histologically, there was a complete effacement of the lymph node architecture in 8 cases. The Reed-Sternberg like cells were seen in 2 and histiocyte like cells in 7 cases. Immunohistochemically all cases were positive for BER-H2. It is suggested that the possibility of Ki-1 lymphoma should be considered in all cases of lymphoma with pleomorphic morphology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with primary manifestation in gonads--a clinicopathological study.

Analysis of 19 cases of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with primary manifestation in gonads, diagnosed during 1984-1990 at AFIP Rawalpindi is presented. It constituted 10.4% of all extranodal lymphomas during the same period in this institute. Testis were more commonly involved. Mean age at diagnosis was 60.4 years and only 11.4% cases were below 50 years of age. Majority of the patients reported early (mean duration was 4.2 months). The mean tumour size was 3.2 cm. In a significant number of cases (43.5%). NHL was associated with hydrocoele. Diffuse large cell lymphoma was the predominant (73.70%) subtype in testicular lymphoma. One case of Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as ovarian mass was also noted. Most of these cases (56.4%) were in le stage according to Ann Arbor staging. More clinical work-up is required to delineate the course of this entity in Pakistan.

Adult↗