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Biomedical subjects

S N Chou

Publications and source records attributed to S N Chou.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Radiation-induced meningiomas in pediatric patients.

Radiation-induced meningiomas rarely have latency periods short enough from the time of irradiation to the clinical presentation of the tumor to present in the pediatric patient. Three cases of radiation-induced intracranial meningiomas in pediatric patients are presented. The first involved a meningioma of the right frontal region in a 10-year-old boy 6 years after the resection and irradiation of a 4th ventricular medulloblastoma. Review of our pediatric tumor cases produced a second case of a left temporal fossa meningioma presenting in a 15-year-old boy with a history of irradiation for retinoblastoma at age 3 years and a third case of a right frontoparietal meningioma in a 15-year-old girl after irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Only three cases of meningiomas presenting in the pediatric age group after radiation therapy to the head were detected in our review of the literature.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Neuroschisis of the cervical spinal cord in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome.

During the neurological work-up of a young patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome, the presence of a neuroschisis of the cervical spinal cord was detected. The patient presented with a transient and acute hemisensory loss and a Horner's syndrome of the opposite side. The unusual presentation and radiological findings in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome prompted this report.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Klippel-Feil syndrome in children: clinical features and management.

A retrospective analysis of 11 children with the diagnosis of Klippel-Feil syndrome treated at the University of Minnesota Hospital over a period of 20 years is presented. The salient features of the syndrome and its associated anomalies are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on its neurological aspects, particularly the potential risks of injury to the craniocervical junction and cervical spine. Guidelines for the management of these patients are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Lyle A. French.

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History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1983

Cerebral arterial spasm--a controlled trial of nimodipine in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

We enrolled 125 neurologically normal patients with intracranial aneurysms in a multi-institution, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial within 96 hours of their subarachnoid hemorrhage, to determine whether treatment with the calcium blocker nimodipine would prevent or reduce the severity of ischemic neurologic deficits from arterial spasm. A deficit from cerebral arterial spasm that persisted and was severe or caused death by the end of the 21-day treatment period occurred in 8 of 60 patients given placebo and in 1 of 56 given nimodipine (P = 0.03, Fisher's exact test). Analysis of the amount of basal subarachnoid blood on pre-entry CAT scans in patients with deficits from spasm showed that an increase in subarachnoid blood was not associated with a worse neurologic outcome among patients who received nimodipine, unlike the situation in patients given a placebo. There were no side effects from nimodipine. We conclude that nimodipine should be given to patients who are neurologically normal after subarachnoid hemorrhage in order to reduce the occurrence of severe neurologic deficits due to cerebral arterial spasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Neural and vascular tissue reaction of cyanoacrylate adhesives: a further report.

The effect of a new tissue adhesive, carbohexoxymethyl 2-cyanoacrylate monomer (Ethicon CHC), was evaluated in six cats divided into two groups. With the cats under barbiturate anesthesia. Ethicon CHC was applied to the left cruciate cortex and the left femoral neurovascular bundle. Normal saline was applied to the right side for control. The first group (n = 4) and the second group (n = 2) were killed 4 and 7 days, respectively, after application of the adhesive. Neuropathological examination revealed meningeal astrocytosis, vascular wall degeneration, hemorrhage, and inflammatory reaction in both groups. This adhesive does not display the ideal property of inertness, which would permit its safe use. Focal tissue reactions caused by the adhesives in sensitive areas of the cortex can result in significant neurological deficit.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Post-traumatic kyphosis. A review of forty-eight surgically treated patients.

We reviewed the cases of forty-eight patients who were treated surgically for symptomatic post-traumatic kyphosis of the thoracic or lumbar spine six months or longer after the initial injury. Presenting signs and symptoms included pain in 94 per cent, progression of kyphosis in 46 per cent, instability in 36 per cent, and increasing neural deficit in 27 per cent. Twenty-four patients had had a prior laminectomy. Posterior fusion (sixteen patients) and combined anterior and posterior fusion (twenty patients) always resulted in primary fusion. Anterior fusion alone was attempted in twelve patients, but failed in six. The average final correction of the deformity was 26 per cent. Pain was reduced significantly in 31 per cent of the patients and was relieved completely in 67 per cent. Fourteen of the forty-eight patients also had an anterior decompression, of whom five were neurologically improved, four were unchanged or stabilized, and four were immediately worse after operation. One patient was neurologically stable for twenty-three months postoperatively and then deteriorated again. No patients were neurologically improved following posterolateral decompression or repeat exploratory laminectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery anastomosis. Clinical outcome in patients with ischemia of infarction in internal carotid artery distribution.

The clinical outcome of our first 40 patients (six with transient ischemic attacks, 22 with mild ischemic infarctions, and 12 with moderate ischemic infarctions) treated with a superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis was analyzed. All cerebral ischemias or infarctions occurred in the internal carotid artery distribution. An independent neurologist observer recorded the patients preoperative and postoperative medical and neurological histories and objective neurological findings. There was no operative mortality. During the period of observation (up to 36 months), four patients died of probable myocardial infarction. No patient suffered from recurrent cerebral infarction. Three patients experienced a single ischemic event postoperatively. Neurological deficits were either unchanged (21 patients) or improved (19 patients). Postoperative angiograms showed patency in 97% of the anastomoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Acute cerebral revascularization after regional cerebral ischemia in the dog. Part 2: Clinicopathological correlation.

The efficacy of cerebral revascularization by anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery (STA) to the middle cerebral artery (MCA), performed 4 and 24 hours after a regional MCA infarction had been produced by combined occlusion of the MCA and internal carotid artery, was tested in 12 dogs. To control possible intercurrent variables, seven other dogs remained untreated and five had a sham operation. Clinical and pathological changes were recorded and analyzed. An incidence of 85% infarction was obtained in the untreated control group. The severity of the clinical deficits and pathological changes for the anastomosed groups were greater than those seen in the untreated control group. The extent of the infarction was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in the anastomosed groups than in the sham-operated and control groups. Hemorrhagic infarcts occurred in most of the dogs in the anastomosed groups, but were not present in either control group (p less than 0.05). Two dogs in the 4-hour and one in the 24-hour group improved more than any control dog, but the difference was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). In two dogs with occluded anastomosis the clinical deficits and the pathological changes were less than those seen in animals with patent anastomosis. The severity of the pathological and clinical changes correlated well with the reestablishment of flow in the MCA territory. It is proposed that cerebral revascularization at 4 and 24 hours following a regional MCA infarct in the dog is followed by an exacerbation of the microcirculatory obstruction, cerebral edema, and infarction. From improvement noted in three animals the authors suggest that under special conditions the revascularization could benefit some cases following acute cerebral infarction.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Acute cerebral revascularization: part I. Cerebral ischemia experimental animal model.

Thirty-two mongrel dogs divided into two groups were subjected to a transorbital occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) or a combined transorbital MCA and cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Clinically apparent deficits were present in the MCA group in 18% of cases and in 73% of MCA/ICA cases. Pathologically, 55% of MCA cases and 73% of MCA/ICA cases had demonstrable areas of infarction. The incidence and severity of clinical deficits as well as the location and extent of pathological infarction were significantly greater (p less than 0.05) with the MCA/ICA group than in the MCA group. The mortality rate and frequency of pathologically apparent infarcts were not statistically different p greater than 0.05. No hemorrhagic infarctions were seen in any case.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Hyperemia, CO2 responsiveness, and autoregulation in the white matter following experimental spinal cord injury.

The authors present the results of a controlled, randomized study of alterations in spinal cord blood flow, CO2 responsiveness, and autoregulation following experimental spinal cord injury in cats. Permanent paraplegia is shown to be associated with persistent hyperemia, loss of CO2 responsiveness, and impaired autoregulation in the white matter at the injury site. Probable mechanisms underlying these changes in spinal cord vasomotor control are discussed. Marked similarities between vascular responses of injured spinal cord and luxury perfusion of the brain are pointed out.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Re-evaluation of differential sacral rhizotomy for neurological bladder disease.

The authors describe long-term follow-up results (4 to 6 years) in 13 patients who underwent differential sacral rhizotomy for urgency incontinence. Six patients were originally presented in a preliminary report in 1973. In the last seven patients, a highly selective rhizotomy of sacral fascicles innervating only the urinary bladder was performed. Results in the original six patients appear to be superior to those in patients who underwent a more refined rhizotomy. Possible explanations for this as well as alternative approaches to the treatment of urgency incontinence are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Surface topography of normal and neoplastic human anterior pituitary cells maintained in vitro.

Pituitary tissues were obtained from 25 patients who underwent surgery for excision of pituitary macroadenomas, selective excision of microadenomas, or removal of a normal gland for palliation of metastatic cancer. Cells thus obtained were maintained in vitro for varying intervals, fixed, and examined by light (phase contrast), microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Previous SEM reports indicate that surface topography of in vitro neoplastic cells displays features that may correlate with neoplastic behavior. Cultured normal and pituitary tumor cells did not display these surface differences, with one exception, a prolactin-secreting microadenoma. Characteristic patterns for the cell populations were identified. Certain cell types appeared in all the cultures: 1) large and small granule-containing cells; 2) flat and irregular cells; 31 spindle-shaped cells; and 4) spherical, irregularly surfaced cells. In one case of an endocrine-inactive juvenile pituitary chromophobe adenoma, unique cells were observed. Surface topography did not appear to be of predictive value in determining the neoplastic character of pituitary tumors.

Adenoma, Basophil↗
PubMed1978

Lyle A. French.

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History, 20th Century↗