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Biomedical subjects

S N Haynes

Publications and source records attributed to S N Haynes.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Fibromyalgia: a time-series analysis of the stressor-physical symptom association.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association among daily stressors, cognitive rumination, and fibromyalgia symptoms using time-series methodology and to determine whether autocorrelation was present in the self-report data. Twelve female fibromyalgia subjects monitored their daily level of stressors, cognitive rumination, and fibromyalgia symptoms for 30-35 days. Time-series regression analyses indicated that there was a positive association between previous-day stressors and fibromyalgia symptoms for one subject and between previous-day cognitive rumination and fibromyalgia symptoms for four subjects. For 7 out of 12 subjects autocorrelation was present, and generalized least-squares methods were used with these subjects. These results indicate that ordinary least-squares methods may often not be appropriate for within-subject designs with self-report data. These results also question the often reported stressor-physical symptom association. This study illustrates a useful methodology and analysis to investigate psychosocial-physical symptom associations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences.

A 2-part investigation developed a measure of retirement as a life transition. Study 1 generated items from interviews with retirees (n = 40) and service providers. Item analysis with recent retirees (n = 86) produced a 51-item Retirement Satisfaction Inventory assessing 6 areas: preretirement work functioning, adjustment and change, reasons for retirement, satisfaction with life in retirement, current sources of enjoyment, and leisure and physical activities. Study 2 examined a heterogeneous sample of men (n = 159) and women (n = 243) retires. Factor analyses produced internally consistent subscales. Moderate, but acceptable, test-retest reliability was demonstrated. Satisfaction scores correlated with concurrent measures and, together with pre- and postretirement experiences, discriminated 4 groups of voluntary and involuntary retirees. Few effects related to gender, socioeconomic status, length of retirement, and part-time employment were found.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Cephalic blood flow correlates of induced headaches.

The purpose of this study was to examine the cephalic blood flow patterns of subjects with frequent headaches during a headache induction procedure. Thirty-six subjects with muscle-contraction, migraine, or mixed headache symptoms were exposed to a 1-hr stressor designed to induce a headache while multiple cephalic blood volume pulse amplitude (BVPA) was measured. Thirty subjects reported a headache during the procedure, and the procedure was associated with significant changes in several cephalic BVPA measures. Between-group differences were found for several cephalic BVPA sites and there were significant correlations between induced headache activity and cephalic BVPA measures for most subjects. The results support causal roles for psychosocial stressors and cephalic blood flow in muscle-contraction and migraine headache.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Psychophysiological correlates of induced headaches.

The psychophysiological correlates of induced headaches were examined. Subjects with frequent muscle-contraction headaches, frequent migraine headaches, or infrequent headaches were exposed to a 1-h cognitive stressor while multiple electromyographic and cardiovascular measures were monitored. The stressor was associated with significant changes in all psychophysiological measures. Eleven of 16 headache subjects and 2 of 8 control subjects developed headaches. Significant associations between several psychophysiological variables and headache occurrence were found and individual differences in the association between psychophysiological variables and headaches intensity were examined. The results were consistent with the hypothesized role of cardiovascular factors in the pathophysiology of muscle-contraction headache. This was the first controlled demonstration of headaches occurring as a function of environmental stressors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The relationship between internal attentional control and sleep-onset latency in elderly adults.

Cognitive hyperactivity has been hypothesized to be one cause of sleep-onset insomnia in elderly adults. This study examined the relationship between one factor that may mediate cognitive hyperactivity--internal attentional control, the ability to direct and control one's attention while processing stimuli from memory--and sleep-onset latency. Twenty-six elderly individuals with self-reported sleep-onset latencies ranging from 5 to 75 min were brought into a sleep laboratory for a multimethod assessment of internal attentional control. Factor analysis was used to develop a composite measure of this construct. Each person then completed three 2-hr afternoon naps while multiple electrophysiological responses were monitored. The results of canonical correlations with the derived composite scores suggested that a significant proportion of the variance in sleep-onset latency in elderly adults was related to internal attentional control.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The utility and validity of daytime naps in the assessment of sleep-onset insomnia.

This study examined the discriminant validity, consistency, and reactivity of afternoon naps for assessing sleep-onset insomnia. Eleven insomniac and 17 noninsomniac subjects came to a sleep laboratory for three afternoon naps while multiple electrophysiological and subjective measures were taken. The results indicated that sleep-onset latencies during the afternoon naps significantly discriminated between insomniac and noninsomniac subjects. Further, significant correlations were found among most measures of sleep-onset latency measured both electrophysiologically and subjectively. The proportion of variance in sleep-onset latency accounted for by groups (insomniac vs. noninsomniac) increased over the three naps. Finally, a comparison of the results from this study with those from three all-night studies using identical facilities and procedures revealed that the sleep-onset latencies from this nap study were within the ranges expected on the basis of the all-night studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Biofeedback treatment of atopic dermatitis: controlled case studies of eight cases.

To investigate the feasibility of a behaviorally oriented intervention program with atopic dermatitis, 12 patients were exposed to a fixed sequence of treatment phases including a no-treatment baseline phase, a phase incorporating nonspecific treatment factors, and a phase involving frontal electromyographic (EMG) feedback and relaxation instructions. Photographic analyses of involved skin areas revealed significant remission of dermatological problems across the entire program, although significant changes could not be attributable to any specific phase. Ratings of itching level decreased within but not across treatment sessions, and variable correlations across subjects were found between frontal EMG and itching level. MMPI results from the dermatitis subjects were within normal limits. Overall, the results provided mixed support for the hypothesis that atopic dermatitis may be amenable to intervention through behaviorally oriented treatment procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Frontal electromyographic feedback. Stress attenuation and generalization.

This study evaluated the effects of one session of frontal electromyographic (EMG) feedback on (1) frontal EMG, (2) frontal EMG response to stress, (3) cardiovascular variables, and (4) cardiovascular responses to stress. Eighteen male and female undergraduate volunteers received either frontal EMG feedback or a relaxation instructions control procedure and were then exposed to a fear stimulus (visualization of a feared situation) and a post-stress adaptation period while several cardiovascular measures were monitored. In comparison to the control group, frontal EMG feedback significantly reduced resting levels of frontal EMG and frontal EMG response to stress but had no significant effect on cardiovascular measures. The results of this study suggest that one session of frontal EMG feedback may attenuate response to stress but, within the paradigm utilized, may be confined to the specific muscle groups monitored. Additional areas of needed research were noted including individual differences in generalization, the effects of EMG feedback from multiple sites sequentially and concomitantly, and the generalized effects from symptom-specific sites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral intervention with muscle-contraction headache: a review.

Studies involving behavioral intervention with muscle-contraction headache are reviewed. Intervention approaches have most frequently involved frontal electromyographic feedback and relaxation instructions. Although behavioral intervention packages have been more effective than control procedures in reducing headache activity, identification of active components of these packages is difficult. Specifically,, the contribution of placebo, expectancy and demand factors, reactive effects of self-monitoring, and home practice have not been adequately assessed. The importance of assessing individual differences in etiology and in response to intervention is stressed. The results of some studies are congruent with the hypothesized muscle tension etiology of muscle-contraction headaches but the results from others suggest that factors other than muscle-tension may be involved. Supportive laboratory research on the intervention procedures and cost-efficiency of electromyographic feedback and relaxation instructions are discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

A sexual enhancement program for elderly couples.

This study was designed to examine the effects of a group sexual enhancement program for elderly couples. Ten marital couples whose ages ranged from 51 to 71 were placed in one of three sexual enhancement groups based on their scheduling preferences. All groups followed the same format, but each was conducted by a different pair of group leaders. The sexual enhancement program was divided into three 2-week phases: (1) a pretreatment period in which there was no contact with the therapists, (2) an education phase in which subjects were provided with information on human sexual functioning in aging people in particular, and (3) a communication exercises-sexual techniques phase in which subjects were instructed on methods to improve communication and increase enjoyment of sexual contact. Following an initial interview in which the purpose of the study was explained, subjects were administered a questionnaire assessing satisfaction and frequency of sexual activities and perception of partner's sexual satisfaction. The questionnaire was readministered after the pretreatment phase, after the education phase, and 4 weeks following the end of the program. In general, significant increases in sexual satisfaction, frequency of certain sexual activities, and positive attitudes about marital and life satisfaction were found to occur over the course of the sexual enhancement program. These significant increases occurred either during the pretreatment period or during some combination of phases.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Electromyographic biofeedback treatment of a woman with chronic dysphagia.

In this case report, a 25-year-old female with chronic dysphagia spastica (difficulty swallowing because of constriction of the throat muscles) was treated with 20 sessions of frontal electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback and home-relaxation practice. The subject monitored on a 10-point scale her difficulty swallowing during meals for 2 months prior to treatment, during treatment, and after treatment. There was a significant decrease in reported difficulty swallowing associated with frontalis EMG feedback. Improvement was maintained at a 6-month follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Homosexuality: behaviours and attitudes.

To assess the incidence of homosexual experiences, heterosexual experiences, associated attitudes, and related demographic characteristics, a sexual behaviour and attitudes questionaire was administered to 4251 university students. The rate of homosexual experiences was found to be appreciably lower than that commonly reported in the literature and was not significantly related to race, religion, or region of residence. Individuals with homosexual experiences, compared to those without, tended to be more liberal in their views toward socially deviant sexual behavior in general, did not demonstrate fewer heterosexual contacts, and did not report significantly more guilt or anxiety about their sexual behavior.

Attitude↗