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S N Kozlov

Publications and source records attributed to S N Kozlov.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Analysis of parameters of the antibacterial treatment of acute otitis media in adults: results of a multicenter study].

The programme was aimed at audit of the parameters of antibacterial therapy for acute otitis media in adult outpatients in 8 cities of Russia (Smolensk, Volgograd, Ekaterinburg, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Tyumen, Ryazan, Vladivostok). The information sources were the case records. The data from the records were structurally fixed in specially designed individual registration charts for further computer processing. The analysis of the results showed that the real practice of the antibacterial therapy for acute otitis media was not based on a unique approach and did not mainly correspond to the present standards. Ampicillin proved to be preferential, whereas it is known that the drug of choice for such cases is amoxicillin. Antibacterial agents with low activity against the basic pathogens of the infection (doxycycline and others) and high toxicity (co-trimoxazol) were often prescribed, while the recommended up-to-date antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanate and others) were prescribed extremely rare or not prescribed at all. Scientifically unreasonable combined antibiotic therapy and prescription of parenteral drugs not rational for the treatment of outpatients were practiced.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

[Pharmacotherapy of acute tonsillitis-pharyngitis in ambulatory practice: results of a multicenter pharmaco-epidemiological study].

AIM: To analyse current practice of pharmacotherapy (PT) in outpatient treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis (ATP) in different regions of Russia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Case reports for 1333 outpatients (493 male and 840 female, age 16-76 years) with ATP from 7 cities of Russia have been studied. Each ATP case was documented on a special chart to contain the following information: demographic data, history of the disease, bacteriological findings, PT regimens, complications, treatment outcomes. RESULTS: PT of ATP was made primarily with antibiotics. Most frequent of them was ampicillin (about half the cases). Further antibiotics by frequency of use were: erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxicyclin, amoxicillin, midecamycin, ampicillin/oxacillin. Among other drugs, wide use was registered of antihistamine drugs, throat disease drugs, analgetic and antipiretic drugs, vitamins. Bacteriological examinations were conducted rarely. CONCLUSION: The problems of PT of ATP patients consist in overuse of systemic antibiotics as a result of adequate differential diagnosis of this infection and choice of antibiotics without consideration of current recommendations on the treatment of streptococcal ATP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

[Antibacterial therapy of acute sinusitis in outpatient practice: results of a multicenter trial].

Now there is no generally accepted practice of antibacterial therapy of acute sinusitis in outpatient clinics of Russia. Choice of antibacterial drugs is often made without consideration of the most probable causative agents of the infection. Out-of-date antibiotics used in many cases do not satisfy modern requirements. Clinically essential features of pharmacokinetics are in some cases ignored. Parenteral administration is often unjustified, combined antibiotic treatment is not always validated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative clinical efficacy and tolerance of cefuroxime axetil (zinnat) and ceftibuten (cedex) in patients with acute sinusitis].

The aim of the study was to substantiate clinically and microbiologically administration of such oral cephalosporins as cefuroxime axetil and ceftibuten in acute sinusitis. The spectrum of causative agents of acute sinusitis was determined, most common pathogens were identified and their sensitivity to antibiotics was tested. The conclusion is made that cephalosporins of the II-III generation meet the requirements to antibacterial drugs for treatment of acute sinusitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of several neuroleptic, adreno-, sympatho- and cholinolytic substances on the development of experimental cerebral edema induced by nicotine].

The influence of some neuroleptic, adreno, sympatho- and cholinolytic substances on the development of experimental brain edema induced with nicotine was studied in tests conducted on rats. It was ascertained that marked antiedemic properties display drugs blocking the alpha-adrenoreceptors (phentolamine, dopegit), the neuroleptic chlorpromazine and central M-cholinolytics (benactizine). Weak action exert central H-cholinolytics (difacil trasentin) and the neuroleptic galoperidol. Sympatho- and beta-adrenolytics (guanethidine, alpha-methyltyrosine, obsidan), and also the neuroleptic triphthazine fail to prevent the development of an experimental brain edema. It is presumed that a brain edema induced with nicotine comes as a result of the catecholamines liberation and is also due to stimulation of alpha-adrenoreactive systems.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of pharmacological agents on the development of experimental brain edema].

The effect of some neuroleptics, adreno-, sympatho- and cholinolytic substances on the development of "traumatic" and "mono-iodoacetate" brain edemas was studied in tests with rats. It was established that the neuroleptic chlorpromazine, the alpha-adreno-blocking agents phentolamine and dopegit and also the central M-cholinolytic benactizine display a marked antiedemic action in cases of "traumatic" edema. It is presumed that the development of the "traumatic" brain edema comes as a result of excitation of the alpha-adrenoreceptors in the CNS and the antiedemic action of the mentioned drugs is caused by their blocking. The development of the "monoiodoacetate" edema is due to disturbed cellular metabolism. The drugs under study do not prevent metabolic disorders.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of phentolamine on the electroencephalogram and pulse activity of the cortical neurons].

In tests with vigilant immobilized and also urethan anesthetized rabbits the influence of intravenous injection of phentolamine (3--10 mg/kg) on the EEG waves parameters was studied. It is shown that within 45 to 75 minutes following introduction of phentolamine there is observed either shortening or elimination of the EEG activation reaction in response to stimulation of the sciatic nerve. The blocking effect of the intravenous administration of phentolamine is noted also by following dynamic changes in the discharge activity of single neurons.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of benzodiazepine and GABA derivatives on the energy metabolism indices in brain edema].

The development of toxic and traumatic brain edema in rats is accompanied by a decrease in the ATP level, in the total amount of adenyl nucleotides, the magnitude of the energy charge in the ATP-ADP-AMP system, and by an elevation in the content of AMP. Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) and phenibut (50 mg/kg) that exert an antiedematous action reduce the amplitude of bioenergetic shifts during edema. As for piracetam (1000 mg/kg) it exhibits an insignificant effect. It is assumed that positive action of diazepam and phenibut on brain bioenergetics in edema is realized via the GABA-ergic system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intensity of glycolysis with brain edema in rats and application of some pharmacological agents].

In the in vitro experiments the state of glycolytic processes was studied in the rat brain tissues with development of edema induced by injury and administered nicotine and monoiodoacetate as well as with preliminary introduction of phentolamine, benactyzine, aminazine and trifluoperazine. The brain edema is shown to develop against a background of sharp inhibition of glycolysis independent of the initial content of lactic acid in the incubation medium. Phentolamine, benactyzine and aminazine which prevent from the edema contribute to the normal level of the glycolytic processes. Trifluoperazine ineffective with edema does not prevent from glycolysis inhibition. Inhibition of glycolysis resulting from a decrease in the activity of the corresponding enzymic systems is supposed to be one of the main pathogenetic factors of the brain edema development as it leads to deficit of energy necessary for normal water-electrolytic metabolism in cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An assessment of the prognostic criteria for early recurrences of peptic hemorrhage].

The proposed prognostic system involves multivariate (step-by-step discriminatory) analysis allowing the risk for the coming early recurrent ulcerous bleedings to be assessed to an accuracy of 84%. Depending on the degree of the risk there have been identified three groups of patients: those of minimum, high and extremely high risk of recurrence of bleeding. The selection algorithm for time of surgical treatment of patients with acutely bleeding pyloroduodenal ulcers takes account of emergency operations (within 24 hours) for patients in the high and extremely high risk groups, allowing the specific weight of interventions at the height of the recurrent bleeding to be reduced from 31% to 14%.

Acute Disease↗