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Biomedical subjects

S N London

Publications and source records attributed to S N London.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The presence of luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome and altered folliculogenesis in rats with surgically induced endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine in the rat model whether endometriosis could influence ovarian function by altering oocyte release or folliculogenesis. STUDY DESIGN: We histologically examined the ovaries of reproductively cycling rats with (n = 16) and without (n = 10) surgically induced endometriosis. The rats in these two groups were further subdivided into unilaterally ovariectomized or ovarian-intact groups. Serial sections of ovaries were examined, and follicular development and frequency of luteinized unruptured follicles were determined. RESULTS: A significant tenfold increase in the number of luteinized unruptured follicles was observed in the ovaries from rats with endometriosis (2.7 per rat) compared with unoperated and sham-operated control groups (overall mean 0.26 per rat, p < 0.05). Additionally, ovaries from unilateral ovariectomized animals with endometriosis contained four times as many luteinized unruptured follicles (four per rat) as did the ovaries from bilaterally ovarian-intact rats with endometriosis (1.40 per rat, p < 0.01). Fewer follicles were present in rats with endometriosis (180 follicles per ovary) than in control rats (231 follicles per ovary, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the rat model the presence of ectopic endometrium is associated with an increased frequency of luteinized unruptured follicles and altered follicular development.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Serial transvaginal ultrasound scans and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels in early singleton and multiple pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if serum beta-hCG levels are higher in multiple gestation than in singleton pregnancy at the time of intrauterine sac visualization and the first appearance of fetal heart activity as documented by serial transvaginal ultrasound (US). DESIGN: Prospective analysis of serial transvaginal US findings in 19 pregnancies correlated with serum hCG levels during early gestation. SETTING: Reproductive endocrinology division of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas. PATIENTS: Nineteen infertility patients were studied after conceiving. Thirteen underwent IVF or GIFT, 4 received hMG therapy, 1 was treated with clomiphene citrate, and 1 pregnancy followed spontaneous ovulation. INTERVENTIONS: Transvaginal US and hCG levels were obtained every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from 20 to 22 days after ovulation until the appearance of fetal heart activity. RESULTS: Initial sac visualization occurred at lower serum hCG levels in singleton versus multiple pregnancies (2,180 +/- 1,170 versus 7,028 +/- 4,280 mIU/mL, mean +/- SD). Sacs were always seen when the serum hCG level (mIU/mL) was > or = 1,161 in singleton, 1,556 in twin, 3,372 in triplet, and 9,399 in quadruplet pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Failure to observe an intrauterine sac by transvaginal US in the presence of serum hCG levels in the 1,000 to 2,000 mIU/mL range is not pathognomonic for an ectopic gestation. Clinical symptomatology, risk of multiple pregnancies, and gestational age must also be considered.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

The effect of benzo(a)pyrene on murine ovarian and corpora lutea volumes.

OBJECTIVE: Women who smoke have impaired fertility and experience menopause at an earlier age. This experiment determined the effect of benzo(a)pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contained in cigarette smoke, on murine ovarian volume, total corpora lutea volume, individual corpora lutea volumes, and corpora lutea numbers. STUDY DESIGN: C57BL/6N mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of 0 to 500 mg/kg benzo(a)pyrene in corn oil. The 20 mice at each dose were divided into four groups of five each and were killed at 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks after treatment. Ovaries were serially sectioned and analyzed morphometrically. RESULTS: Benzo(a)pyrene produced a dose- and time-dependent decrease in ovarian volume, total corpora lutea volume, and number of corpora lutea per ovary. This effect was transitory at low doses with complete recovery of corpora lutea by 4 weeks. Compensatory hypertrophy of the individual corpora lutea occurred during the recovery phase. Ovarian function did not return in animals treated with the two highest doses. CONCLUSION: Benzo(a)pyrene is a murine ovarian toxicant that inhibits corpus luteum formation in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Morphometric assessment of the murine ovarian toxicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a component of cigarette smoke that has been identified as a murine reproductive toxicant. The morphometric parameters of total ovarian volume, individual corpus luteum volumes, and total corpora lutea volume were measured in C57BL/6N mice treated with DMBA. Each group received single intraperitoneal injections of 0, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg/kg and were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks after treatment. DMBA produced a dose-dependent decrease in ovarian volume and number of corpora lutea in each ovary. The observed reduction in total corpora lutea volume did not fully account for the loss in total ovarian volume. This is consistent with previous descriptions of a toxic effect on all ovarian components including growing and resting follicles. Growing follicles that escaped the toxic effects of DMBA and achieved ovulation resulted in a corpus luteum that appeared histologically normal. Morphometric analysis of this animal model further defines the dynamic changes in the mouse ovary in response to DMBA.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1989

Technetium-99m hysterosalpingography in infertility: an accurate alternative to contrast hysterosalpingography.

Thirteen infertile women who had undergone tubal surgery within the previous year for the correction of tubal obstruction, were studied with both conventional and radionuclide hysterosalpingography. The studies were performed on the same day, were interpreted independently, and the results were then compared. Three cases were excluded from analysis because of the technical inadequacy of one of the studies. Assuming the findings of the conventional studies to represent "truth," the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the radionuclide studies were 100%, 60% and 80% respectively.

Fallopian Tubes↗
PubMed1989

In vitro fertilization: an overview.

The advanced reproductive technologies are an acceptably safe but invasive method to treat infertility. The decision to proceed with IVF/ET should be based on 1) a complete infertility investigation, 2) an understanding by the couple of the emotional, physical and financial aspects of the process and 3) an understanding by physicians of the real advantages and disadvantages of the procedures.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Reevaluation of hysterosalpingography in infertility investigation.

The hysterosalpingogram has been extensively used in infertility investigations to assess tubal patency, however, the diagnostic reliability of this technique is not known. Two hundred thirty-one consecutive hysterosalpingograms were retrospectively evaluated. Sixty-two percent (143) of the patients subsequently underwent laparoscopy. Comparison of hysterosalpingogram and laparoscopic findings revealed a 15.9% false positive tubal patency rate and a 14.9% false negative tubal patency rate. Seventy-six percent of laparoscopies revealed previously undiagnosed intraperitoneal disease. Seventeen percent of hysterosalpingograms demonstrated intrauterine pathology. There was a 0.9% major complication rate with hysterosalpingograms due to two cases of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. No significant laparoscopic complications were noted. The results suggest that laparoscopy provides a more accurate assessment of tubal patency and peritoneal factors than hysterosalpingogram in the investigation of infertility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ovulation induction with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (0.025 microgram/kg) was administered intravenously in a pulsatile fashion to four subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome for a total of six cycles. Five of the six cycles culminated in ovulation, although in one course the response occurred too early to be attributed to the therapy alone. No pregnancies resulted. All luteal phases were of normal duration, but progesterone production as manifested by serum progesterone determination was deficient in some. If additional investigation confirms these preliminary findings, this form of therapy may offer a safe and economic alternative for anovulatory patients refractory to clomiphene citrate therapy. The response of the four subjects suggests that pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration may override hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and result in ovulatory menstrual cycles.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Macrophages and infertility: enhancement of human macrophage-mediated sperm killing by antisperm antibodies.

The mechanism by which antisperm antibodies inhibit fertility is not completely understood. Macrophages may play a role in mediating infertility by interacting with sperm and destroying gametes. Experiments were conducted evaluating the effect of antisperm antibody on the phagocytosis and lysis of sperm by human peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Sperm from a fertile man treated with sera from normal men and women or medium alone had 5 to 280 molecules of IgG/sperm, as determined by a 125I-labeled anti-human IgG monoclonal antibody assay. By contrast, sperm treated with sera containing antisperm antibodies had 310 to 1240 molecules of IgG/sperm. Peritoneal macrophages harvested from infertile women with tubal/adhesive problems mediated phagocytosis and lysis of 111In-labeled sperm which was enhanced by treatment of the sperm with sera containing antisperm antibodies (39.0% +/- 1.5% versus 76.3% +/- 3.2% phagocytosis, and 3.3% +/- 0.3% versus 23.3% +/- 2.3% lysis of sperm [control versus antibody-treated]). The likelihood of fertilization in couples with antisperm antibody may be determined not only by the antibody but also by the presence of genital tract macrophages capable of destroying the antibody-coated sperm.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Unusual mullerian anomalies associated with distal extremity abnormalities.

A 13-year-old girl was evaluated with nonfamilial mullerian anomalies consisting of bilateral blind uterine horns, a separate cervical remnant, and total vaginal agenesis. The observed musculoskeletal abnormalities of the distal extremities differed from those usually associated with both nonfamilial mullerian agenesis (Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome) and the familial syndromes associated with mullerian anomalies. The pattern of mullerian dysgenesis is unusual in that the entire vagina is absent and a cervical remnant separate from the two blind uterine horns is present in the midline in the normal course of the paramesonephric ducts.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Diverse humoral and cell-mediated effects of antisperm antibodies on reproduction.

No single test to detect the presence of antisperm antibodies has correlated precisely with subsequent fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether heterogeneous effects of antibodies could potentially explain this observation. The effects of serum on sperm motility, complement-mediated sperm lysis, mouse macrophage-mediated sperm phagocytosis, and sperm IgG opsonization were assessed in several patients with known antisperm antibodies. Each patient's serum produced its own unique profile. Motility ranged from normal (70% to 85%) to 10% using different subjects' serum. Antibody-dependent complement-mediated sperm lysis ranged from 35% to 65%. Normal sperm incubated with normal serum had approximately 200 molecules of IgG per sperm, whereas normal sperm incubated with patient sera had 546 to 900 molecules of IgG per sperm. In all cases where serum enhanced IgG sperm opsonization, there was enhanced mouse macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of the opsonized sperm (a three- to fourfold increase). These data suggest that antisperm antibodies may affect reproduction by different mechanisms, including direct humoral effects (immunoglobulin and/or complement) and indirect cell-mediated effects (macrophage-mediated sperm phagocytosis). However, the mechanism(s) involved are unique to each individual's antibody. The heterogeneity of these potential mechanisms may explain why the presence of antisperm antibodies as measured by a single assay correlate poorly with infertility.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1980

Endometriosis occurring in leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: ultrastructural study and histogenetic consideration.

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata is a pseudomalignant condition which mimics disseminated abdominal carcinoma. A new case is reported and compared to the 11 well-documented cases in the literature. All reported patients have experienced a benign clinical course. The peritoneal nodules are composed of histologically benign-appearing smooth-muscle cells, substantiated by electron-microscopic study. The histogenesis of this entity is discussed in the light of our ultrastructural findings and the observation of concurrent endometriosis. The theory of metaplasia of the subcoelomic mesenchyme in the pathogenesis of the leiomyomatous lesions is favored. The serum estrogen levels determined in our patient did not reveal any abnormal change. The inducing factor(s) remain to be identified. Also, an unusual sensitivity of the coelomic tissues in these patients, in response to metaplastic stimuli, is postulated as a possible contributing factor.

Adult↗