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Biomedical subjects

S N Zaloguev

Publications and source records attributed to S N Zaloguev.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Possible use of plasmids for studying the effect of space flight factors on biological objects].

The action of space flight factors on the phenotype and certain molecular and genetic parameters of E. coli plasmids (R, Col, Hly and others) was studied. The E. coli strains were grown and multiplied in the "Cytos" apparatus during the orbital flight of "Salyut-7" in June 1982. A synchronous experiment in the "Cytos" apparatus was performed under the Earth conditions. It was shown that space flight factors had no effect on the properties of the test strains and plasmids (antibiotic resistance, capacity for production of colicin, hemolysin, restriction endonuclease, conjugative capacity, frequency of conjugative transfers and molecular weight).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Preliminary results of Cytos 2 experiment.

Cytos 2 experiment, carried out during the French-Soviet manned flight (July 1982), has studied the antibiotics sensitivity of bacteria cultivated in vitro during the orbital flight. The results show an increase of the antibiotics resistance and a larger thickness of the cellular envelope for the inflight cells. The increase of antibiotics resistance can be related to a stimulating effect of space on the cell growth rate or to changes of the cellular envelope structure.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Biological characteristics of bacteria during the Cytos-2 Soviet-French space experiment].

The experiment "Cytos-2" made it possible to reveal a certain increase in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria constituting the opportunistic pathogenic microflora of man (Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to oxacillin, erythromycin, colistin and kanamycin under the conditions of space flight. The electron-microscopic study of the postflight staphylococcal cultures revealed the thickening of the cell membrane in staphylococci. The conditions of the experiment did not affect the stability of the biochemical characteristics of P. aeruginosa cultures, as well as their virulence, immunogenic properties and type specificity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Medically important micro-organisms recovered from Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) crew members.

The possibility of significant alterations in the microbial populations inhabiting the integument and upper respiratory tract of space flight crew members has been proposed by various authors. The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), a unique space flight in which two teams of crew members from different geographical areas joined in space, presented an unusual opportunity to evaluate in-flight cross-contamination and other anomalous behavior of the microbial populations. Accordingly, the medically important microbes recovered from the five (3 USA and 2 USSR) ASTP crew members before and after flight were evaluated in relation to specific theoretical alterations. The phenomenon of "simplification", in which the number of different types of species is reduced during spaceflight, did not occur within the population of medically important micro-organisms. Spontaneous post-flight illness due to infectious agents ("Microbial Shock") was also absent. Intracrew transfer of pathogens was established, but intercrew transfer was absent. Dysbacteriosis, in which sampled areas are flooded with unusually large numbers of a single type of micro-organism, was not demonstrated although there was a significant increase in the incidence of gram-negative rods in the oral cavities of the two cosmonauts. The importance of all of these and other observations of the medically important micro-organisms recovered from ASTP crew members are explored with respect to past and future space flights.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbiological aspects of the performance of life support systems during prolonged operation].

The environmental control system using superoxides, sillicagels or synthetic ceolites is capable of purifying the atmosphere from microorganisms. The air conditioning system is another means for air purification from microorganisms. The possibility of microbial build-up and multiplication in the atmospheric condensate makes it necessary to assume that an air conditioning system may contribute to the transfer of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in a space cabin. The reliability of a life support system may degrade due to an accumulation of microorganisms in its components. Further extensive studies are needed to clarify this problem.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of human skin function in a sealed room by a chromatographic method].

Gas-liquid chromatogrophy was used to study the skin and sebum cutaneum of 6 male test subjects (aged 45-55) before and after 30-day enclosure. The greatest changes were seen in the composition of free fatty acids of lipids of the facial skin (increase of palmito-oleic acid). The lipid composition of the sebum cutaneum of the healthy subjects differed from that of the acne-bearing subjects. It is recommended to use the ratio of palmitic acid to palmito-oleic acid as a measure of changes of fatty acids in the sebum cutaneum of healthy people in an unusual environment.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Formation of volatile substances during destruction of polymers by Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

The effect of biodestruction of paint-and-varnish coatings on the formation and evolution of toxic substances was studied. It was found that the multiplication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on epoxide resins (EP-255 ++ EP-525/AK-070) modified the evolution of gases: that of acetone and n-butanone increased and evolution of xylene and ethyl benzene isomers decreased.

1-Butanol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of microbiological research conducted during the mission of the Saliut-6 orbital station].

This paper presents the results of microbiological examinations of the Salyut-6 crewmembers and environment. There were few cases of adverse changes in the automicroflora composition, i. e., propagation of staphylococci of a certain biotype among crewmembers. However, no over manifestations of infectious pathology were seen. This allows the conclusion that personal hygiene measures and general hygiene and antiepidemic measures taken before and during Salyut-6 missions were adequate and efficient.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Principles of the sanitary and housekeeping arrangements in space flight environments].

Significant changes in the functional state of crewmembers during prolonged space missions necessitate corrections to be made in the scope and methods of sanitation and housekeeping arrangements. Due to the fact that in space flight automicroflora representatives may acquire greater importance as possible pathogenic agents, procedures providing body cleanliness should include both physico-chemical exposures and direct skin microflora treatment. On the basis of pertinent investigations the authors have developed selection criteria and requirements for detergents and disinfectants that may be used in prolonged space flights.

Ecological Systems, Closed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problem of "biological compatibility" of crew members during prolonged space flight and possible directions for its solution].

The concept of biological compatibility of men can be defined as a phenomenon which includes an effect (that might be favorable or unfavorable) of one individuum on the other via trace amounts of chemicals released into their environment and micro-organisms. The paper presents the main results of studies of biological compatibility of crewmembers of space vehicles and outlines possible directions of research to be carried out in this area.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current status and the prospects for the hygienic support of piloted space flights].

On the basis of their findings and the data published in the literature the authors review the main results of investigations related to the hygienic maintenance of manned space flights. The paper presents the major problems in this field that need to be resolved in order to maintain adequate environments in space cabins.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microorganisms distribution in the aerosol of a manned sealed cabin and the effect of artificial air ionization on this process].

In a manned enclosure the distribution of bacterial aerosol with respect to the size of particles is bimodal. Artificial bipolar ionization of the air may decrease the content of relatively large particles of bacterial aerosol, leaving particles with 2.0-0.6/micrometer in diameter in predominance. These properties of the bacterial aerosol structure may be of importance in the prophylaxis of aerogenic infections of cosmonauts.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Health and hygiene characteristics of the manned environment of the Saliut-7 orbital station].

The Salyut-7 cabin environment was investigated with respect to the chemical, biological and physical factors. The gas composition was measured qualitatively and quantitatively. This determination showed a higher content of acetone and acetaldehyde when the cosmonauts worked on various trainers and unloaded the Progress cargo vehicles. The time-course study of the toxic impurities indicated that the increase in their content was transient (no more than 4 h). The microbial content was lower than in the Salyut-6 cabin environment. The study did not show a correlation between the microbial content in the environment and the time the prime crew remained onboard. There was a correlation between the microbial content, temperature variations, and conduct of certain experiments. On the whole, the Salyut-7 cabin environment was normal for the life and work of the crewmembers.

Air Microbiology↗