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Biomedical subjects

S Nagafuchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Nagafuchi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Increase of peripheral B lymphocytes committed to the production of monoreactive and high affinity antibodies to HTLV-1 in patients with HAM/TSP.

We quantitated the frequency of B lymphocytes capable of producing antibodies to HTLV-1 in the peripheral blood from patients with HAM/TSP, non-HAM/TSP HTLV-1 carriers and seronegative healthy subjects. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was used as a polyclonal activator of B lymphocytes in a limiting dilution condition. We found that B lymphocytes committed to the production of monoreactive-IgG and -IgA antibodies to recombinant HTLV-1 (gag + env) hybrid protein were significantly increased in a number in patients with HAM/TSP as compared to non-HAM/TSP HTLV-1 carriers and seronegative healthy subjects. By transforming these B lymphocytes with EBV and fusing them with human-mouse heteromyeloma (F3B6), a stable hybridoma producing IgG monoclonal antibody (mAb) to HTLV-1 (gag + env) protein was generated from a patient with HAM/TSP. This mAb (IgG1, kappa), designated F31.1, specifically bound to the amino acid residues from 235 to 254 of HTLV-1 envelope glycoproteins (gp46) with high affinity (Kd = 4.0 x 10(-9) mol/l). These data indicate that the antigen-driven process of B lymphocytes maturation by HTLV-1 antigens is markedly increased in patients with HAM/TSP.

Antibody Affinity↗
PubMed1992

Sex determination of forensic samples by dual PCR amplification of an X-Y homologous gene.

Sex determination by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the X-Y homologous amelogenin gene is highly reliable since the detection of an X-specific amplified fragment validates the procedure. Previously, we reported that 250 ng of template DNA are required for sex determination by this method. We report here a refinement of the technique to include dual PCR. Dual PCR using two sets of primers results in the detection of X- and Y-specific amplified fragments from as little as 0.005 ng of template DNA. This is a powerful technique for the analysis of trace forensic samples and its application is discussed.

Amelogenin↗
PubMed1992

Deoxyribonucleic acid study on 2 XX male patients.

Two XX male patients were examined for the presence of 25 Y-specific loci using Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction techniques. They were phenotypically normal male patients, although 1 had bilateral undescended testes and 1 had hypoplastic testes. The former patient had 10 of 11 loci on the short arm, while the latter lacked any of the 25 Y-specific loci. These findings may suggest the existence of a non-Y gene that is controlled by the testis-determining factor on the short arm of the Y chromosome and has a role in the testis formation in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A Y-associated allele may be characteristic of certain ethnic groups in Asia.

The probe 47z detects DNA polymorphisms on both the X and Y chromosomes. Blood samples were collected from Korean, Chinese, Jewish, Caucasian and Negro populations and polymorphisms of both loci were compared with findings previously reported in Japanese. Both Y1 and Y2 alleles were detected in Japanese and Koreans. However, only the Y1 allele was detected in each of the other populations. Although, both X1 and X2 alleles were detected in all examined populations, the frequency of the X2 allele was very low among Negroes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

A familial case of hyper-IgM immunodeficiency.

A 22-year-old male was diagnosed as having immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM based upon recurrent pneumonia, marked elevation of serum IgM and markedly decreased level of IgG. IgG-or IgA-bearing B cells were not detected in peripheral blood while a number and a proportion of peripheral blood T lymphocytes were normal. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from this patient proliferated normally in response to T-independent and T-dependent B cell mitogens, and to T cell mitogens. Furthermore, the same type of dysgammaglobulinemia with increased IgM was found in the patient's father and brother. From these observations, it is suggested that it is a rare case of autosomal dominant or polygenal inheritance of hyper-IgM immunodeficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Clinical features of patients suffering from Streptococcus milleri infections--a retrospective analysis.

We examined the clinical records of patients from whom S. milleri was isolated at Kyushu University Hospital from January 1987 through December 1988. Sixty-one patients were treated in 64 episodes with drainage or antibiotics. Oral and nasopharyngeal infections were observed in 27 cases, intrathoracic infections in 13, urogenital infections in 8, intraabdominal infections in 6 and skin and subcutaneous infections in 6. Except for acute bronchitis and urogenital infections, all of them were suppurative. As to underlying diseases, 21 patients had malignancies and 6 had diabetes mellitus. Leukocytopenia was not observed in any of the patients. S. milleri can be eradicated by treatment but it is sometimes replaced by other organisms. However, considering its tendency to cause suppurative infections, its pathogenic significance should be taken into account and patients should undergo surgical drainage combined with antibiotic therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[PCR sexing].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

PCR detection of distal Yp sequences in an XX true hermaphrodite.

An XX true hermaphrodite was examined for the presence of Y-specific sequences using Southern-blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Of 25 loci examined, only two, the proximal border of the pseudoautosomal region (PABY) and the sex determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY), were detected. A crossing over event in paternal meiosis, proximal to the SRY locus but distal to the zinc finger protein (ZFY) locus, presumably transferred to two loci to the X chromosome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Absence of fetal cells in maternal circulation at a level of 1 in 25,000.

A dual polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is developed which enables the detection of one part male DNA in 25,000 parts female DNA. The technique amplifies a part of the X-Y homologous amelogenin gene in which the Y counterpart has a 189 bp deletion within one of the introns. This deletion has made it possible to identify individual X and Y counterparts based on the difference in size between them. None of the 18 pregnant women studied showed a positive Y-signal although eight of them bear male fetuses excluding the presence of fetal cells at one in 25,000 maternal cells. The results presented here show that a sensitivity of greater than one in 25,000 is required for detection of fetal genetic disease using maternal peripheral blood.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Elevated antibodies to synthetic peptides of HTLV-1 envelope transmembrane glycoproteins in patients with HAM/TSP.

We studied the antibody response to various kinds of well-characterized synthetic peptides of human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) envelope glycoproteins in patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and non-HAM/TSP HTLV-1 carriers. The serum antibody titers to most of the synthetic peptides were significantly higher in patients with HAM/TSP than those in non-HAM/TSP HTLV-1 carriers. However, the degree of the increase of antibody titers to the synthetic peptides corresponding to the transmembrane portions of HTLV-1 envelope glycoproteins (env-p20E), such as p20E 332-352, 374-392, 426-448 and 458-488, was greater than those to synthetic peptides of exterior portions of HTLV-1 envelope glycoproteins (env-gp46) in sera from patients with HAM/TSP. Antibodies to env-p20E 332-352 and 374-392 were elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) only from patients with HAM/TSP but not from non-HAM/TSP HTLV-1 carriers. These data indicate that the increase of antibody titers to transmembrane portions of HTLV-1 envelope glycoproteins in sera and CSF is a characteristic feature of antibody response in patients with HAM/TSP and may be closely associated with the development of HAM/TSP from non-HAM/TSP HTLV-1 carriers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Molecular cloning and mapping of 10 new probes on the human Y chromosome.

We have developed a novel positive cloning vector whose use precludes the cloning of any fragments less than 0.8 kb as well as 3.4-kb EcoRI fragments of DYZ1, the largest repeating-DNA family on the long arm of the human Y chromosome. Using this vector, we subcloned inserts of a Y-chromosome-specific phage library constructed from EcoRI-digested flow-sorted Y-chromosome DNA. Ten novel Y-specific fragments were obtained. Their localization on the Y chromosome was determined by deletion mapping using clinical samples with structurally abnormal Y chromosomes. The long arm of the Y chromosome was divided into 12 segments by the novel probes in combination with established probes. The amelogenin-like sequence, mapped on the long arm in Human Gene Mapping 10, has been mapped on the short arm.

Amelogenin↗
PubMed1991

Deoxyribonucleic acid and cytological detection of Y-containing cells in an XX hypospadiac boy with polyorchidism.

A hypospadiac boy with a hypoplastic penis and an apparent 46,XX karyotype in blood and testis cultures is described. Exploratory laparotomy and bilateral gonadal biopsy revealed the presence of 2 testes in the right and 1 in the left hemiscrotum, each of which only showed hypoplastic testicular tissues histologically. Uncultured testis smears showed Y chromatin in approximately 20% of the cells. Also, the Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses detected a weak but distinct signal of Y chromosome-derived deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in the perineal skin but not in the blood lymphocytes. The results indicated that the boy had a small proportion of Y chromosome-containing cells in the form of mosaicism in limited tissues, such as the testes and perineal skin. This finding may have implications in the genesis of testes in some cases of XX patients, and true hermaphrodites or male pseudohermaphrodites with an apparent 46,XX karyotype. To our knowledge, this appears to be the first case of polyorchidism with an identified chromosome abnormality.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1991

[A case of remarkable effect of clindamycin in nasal septum abscess caused by Streptococcus milleri].

We encountered a 14-year-old male patient with a destructive abscess of nasal septum, caused by Streptococcus milleri. He was successfully treated with Clindamycin in combination with surgical intervention. We emphasized the significance of Streptococcus milleri as a causative agent for abscess formation, and clindamycin should be considered as a first choice of antibiotics against Streptococcus milleri infection.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

A repeating unit of the DYZ1 family on the human Y chromosome consists of segments with partial male-specificity.

An average-sized human Y chromosome contains about 3,000 copies of the repeating DNA family DYZ1. A major repeating unit of the family, pHY10, has been cloned and an entire 3,564-bp sequence has already been determined by Nakahori et al. (1986). In the present study, pHY10 was divided into six consecutive segments, A to F, which were independently amplified by the PCR technique to see if they were strictly male-specific. pHY10 appears to consist of segments of various male-specificity. The B segment was apparently male-specific; however, the use of additional techniques (Southern-blot analysis or second PCR amplification in combination with the standard PCR) revealed homologous sequences in some females. None of the six segments of pHY10 may be male-specific in a strict sense. Different segments appear to be conserved during evolution to different extents. The 323-bp E segment appears to be the least conserved and to be responsible for the generation of most variations within the DYZ1 family.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical studies on the utility of ofloxacin for lower respiratory infections].

One hundred and thirteen patients who were treated at the Kyushu University Hospital and other related hospitals were randomly assigned to 2 groups to compare the effect of twice daily administration of 200 mg each and that of 300 mg each of ofloxacin (OFLX). The patients included 41 cases with pneumonia, 18 with acute bronchitis, 33 with chronic bronchitis, 15 with bronchiectasis with infection, 3 with diffused panbronchiolitis, and 3 with other secondary infectious diseases. Fifty-five cases were administered 400 mg OFLX a day and 58 cases received 600 mg. The number of severe cases in the 600 mg group was greater than that in the 400 mg group. The ratios of general amelioration of clinical symptoms were 92.6% in the 400 mg group and 82.1% in the 600 mg group. Thus, the ratio of the 400 mg group was better than that of the 600 mg group. However, the ratio of significant amelioration in the 600 mg group was 35.7% which was better than that in the 400 mg group, 27.8%. For bacteriological effects the rate of disappearance and decrease in number of bacteria was 92% in the 400 mg group and was significantly better than that of the 600 mg group, 70%. The incidence of side effects in the 600 mg group was 22.4% and this was high in contrast to that in the 400 mg group, 3.6%. Most of the side effects in the 600 mg group involved symptoms of the central nervous system such as sleeplessness. No significant differences were observed in incidences of abnormalities of laboratory tests at 1.8% and 1.7%, respectively. Safety in the 400 mg group were 96.4% which was significantly higher in number than those in the 600 mg group, 77.6%. Efficacy rates of twice daily administrations each with 200 mg and 300 mg OFLX for lower respiratory infections were 94.4 and 79.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the daily dose of 400 mg was the most effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous remission from acute exacerbation of chronic adult T-cell leukemia.

Spontaneous remission without any anti-cancer therapy in a 57-year-old woman with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is reported. The patient was referred to our department because of persistent cough and appearance of abnormal lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and she was diagnosed as having chronic ATL. Eight months later, she was re-admitted because of cystitis, watery diarrhea and worsening of respiratory symptoms with an increase of ATL cells (WBC 31 x 10(9)/l with 56% ATL cells). Acute exacerbation of ATL was diagnosed. Interestingly, antibiotic therapy for the pulmonary and urinary tract infections brought about spontaneous reduction of the ATL cell count. Spontaneous remission of ATL continued for one year without chemotherapy. The role of infection as a trigger of acute exacerbation and spontaneous remission of ATL is discussed.

Amphotericin B↗