PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Nakamoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Nakamoto.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A critical look at survival of diabetics with end-stage renal disease. Transplantation versus dialysis therapy.

The survival of 100 consecutive patients with diabetic nephropathy after treatment with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or renal transplantation was reviewed at our institution from 1976 to 1982. Standard actuarial survival analysis revealed an overall survival of 83% and 61% at one and two years, respectively. Coronary angiography was used as a screening procedure for renal transplantation. In the dialysis group, 27 patients were considered acceptable transplant candidates on the basis of the coronary angiography but were not transplanted for other reasons. When the survival analysis was limited to those "transplant candidates" the survival rates were 78%, 51%, and 8% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. In comparison, survival after transplantation was 81%, 67%, and 45%, at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. In order to eliminate bias, survival comparisons were subsequently made using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model to take into account the time the transplant patients spent on dialysis prior to renal transplantation. When this analysis was performed, there was no significant difference in survival between transplantation and dialysis for the first two years, but overall survival after five years was significantly better after renal transplantation even when the comparison was limited to acceptable transplant candidates who remained on dialysis (P = .04). Survival for patients with significant coronary disease (greater than 70% stenosis of a coronary vessel or moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction) was analyzed according to therapeutic modality. Although overall prognosis was poor in this group as a whole (1, 2, and 5 year survivals were 76%, 45%, and 19%, respectively), the cardiac patients had a trend to better survival after renal transplantation than when maintained on dialysis (P = .22). In addition to other factors such as quality of life, rehabilitation, and progression of other diabetic complications, the benefit of renal transplantation on patient survival must be considered when deciding between renal transplantation and maintenance dialysis therapy for diabetic patients with renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Lung cancer in a Thorotrast administered patient.

A 79-year-old man developed small cell carcinoma in the lung 43 years after Thorotrast-injection. The tumor with interstitial fibrosis arose in the periphery of the lung. Thorotrast particles were observed in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes but not in the lungs. Four other Japanese cases of lung cancer after Thorotrast injection were reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Mechanism of renal excretion of FK027 in dogs and rabbits.

The mechanism of renal excretion of FK027, a new oral cephalosporin, was investigated in dogs and rabbits. In dogs, FK027 was mainly cleared by glomerular filtration, and approximately 50% of the filtered drug was reabsorbed through the proximal tubules. This tubular reabsorption and a high binding ratio to serum protein lead to the exceptionally long serum half-life of the drug. The facts that the clearance ratio of FK027 declined slightly from 58.0 to 49.2% by the addition of probenecid, and that the effect of probenecid was less marked in the stop-flow study, along with no significant change in serum half-life, may account for the scarcely detectable secretion from the renal tubules. In rabbits, the addition of probenecid caused a decrease of the clearance ratio of FK027, disappearance of FK027 peak in the stop-flow study, and extended the serum half-life. These facts are evidence that FK027 is excreted by both tubular secretion and glomerular filtration in rabbits.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

Renal transplantation of patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis.

A retrospective review of patients transplanted from peritoneal dialysis was performed to assess the risk of this form of dialysis for patients awaiting renal transplantation. Eighteen transplants have been performed in 16 patients, ages 6 to 57 years, undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis over the past 4 years. Sixteen were from cadaver donors, and two were from living related donors (LRD). The patients had been undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using permanent silastic catheters, from five days to 4 years. No patient had clinical evidence for peritonitis at the time of transplantation. The peritoneal catheter was removed at the time of transplant in all cadaver donor recipients without complication. One recipient of a LRD kidney had the catheter removed two days prior to transplant. Cultures of the catheter were sterile in 16 cases. Two patients had positive peritoneal catheter cultures at the time of transplant but were treated with appropriate antibiotics and never developed clinical peritonitis. Fourteen transplants had postoperative fevers. No definite source was found in 13; one had fever in relation to acute graft rejection. The fevers resolved in all patients either spontaneously or subsequent to therapy. Other complications were similar to those seen in patients transplanted from hemodialysis. Hemodialysis was performed as needed pretransplant and posttransplant using a temporary femoral vein catheter or arteriovenous fistula without complication. Nine patients are alive with a functioning kidney 1 to 36 months posttransplant (mean 17 months). Six transplants rejected (five patients), and one failed secondary to renal vein thrombosis. Two patients died posttransplant, one after a cerebrovascular accident, and one due to an unknown cause 1 month postnephrectomy for rejection. In conclusion, patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis can be successfully transplanted without a significant incidence of complications related to their peritoneal dialysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

X-ray diffraction studies on chromatophore membrane from photosynthetic bacteria. III. Basic structure of the photosynthetic unit and its relation to other bacteriochlorophyll forms.

We have performed X-ray diffraction studies on photosynthetic units of Rhodospirillum rubrum and solubilized *B800 + B890 complex from chromatophores of Chromatium vinosum, to investigate the homology of their molecular structures. The native chromatophores of Chromatium vinosum, which contain other bacteriochlorophyll forms, were examined by an X-ray diffraction technique, in order to assess the interactions between the complexes as well as the molecular structures of the bacteriochlorophyll forms. The subchromatophore particles, solubilized by Triton X-100 from cells of Chromatium vinosum, exhibit a major absorption maximum at 881 nm and a minor one at 804 nm, consisting of bacteriochlorophyll form *B800 + B890. The near-IR absorption spectrum of the particle is very similar to that of chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum although the major absorption maximum is shifted slightly. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the subchromatophore particles is very similar to that of chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Thus, the subchromatophore particles are considered to be the "photoreaction unit" of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Since the bacteriochlorophyll form, *B800 + B890, is common in the purple bacteria, it is strongly suggested that the photoreaction unit is the basic and common structure existing in the photosynthetic units of purple bacteria. Chromatium vinosum cells exhibit different near-IR absorption spectra, depending on the culture media and also on the intensity of the illumination during culture. The chromatophores from these cells give different equatorial X-ray diffraction patterns. These patterns are much broader than that of solubilized subchromatophore particles, though they have common features. Thus, the molecular structures in the photosynthetic units are different, depending on their constituent bacteriochlorophyll forms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacterial Chromatophores↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of two methods of kinetic modeling.

Kinetic modeling has been shown to be beneficial for a number of reasons in the dialysis population. It is useful as a quality control measure of dialysis, with a critical review of individual dialysis conditions; and it provides quantification for evaluation and change of treatment prescriptions allowing cost-saving reduction of treatment times. Kinetic modeling also provides objective patient and staff education with objective nutritional surveillance and improved patient compliance. A comparison of the results from UKM and DDQ for 40 simultaneously modeled patients showed statistically significant differences in pool volume, protein catabolic rate and dialyzer clearance with UKM yielding a higher mean in each case. Pool volumes obtained in DDQ compared more favorably to those obtained by separate calculations based on sex, age, height and weight, indicating greater accuracy in DDQ. This is partly because in DDQ solute removal is measured directly and rigid control of the dialysis process is not required. DDQ is a more accurate, flexible model which provides both an understanding of each individual's dialysis treatment and protein nutriture, thereby improving patient care.

Adolescent↗