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Biomedical subjects

S Nambu

Publications and source records attributed to S Nambu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A clinical study on intrathoracic malignant lymphoma with chronic tuberculous pyothorax].

The authors reported 3 male patients of malignant lymphoma developing from long-standing pyothorax. They had been suffering from tuberculous pyothorax for more than 30 years, after artificial pneumothorax therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. The most common symptom was chest pain. It was difficult to detect the tumor mass by chest X-ray because of old inflammatory changes. Computed tomography and 67Ga scintigraphy were useful. The lesions tended to grow destroying the surrounding lung, chest wall and ribs. Histologically, 2 cases were diffuse large cell type and one was diffuse intermediate sized cell type. Immunologically, 2 cases were B-cell type lymphoma but one was not clearly classified. They received radiotherapy, but 2 cases died of respiratory failure. These findings suggest that B cell lymphoma might arise following chronic tuberculous pyothorax. Therefore such cases should be followed up carefully.

Empyema, Pleural↗
PubMed1990

Relationships between serum cholesterol and obesity: a field study on nutritional background of hypercholesterolemia.

1. Serum cholesterol levels in Japan were unrelated to total fat intake and its quality. 2. A significant positive correlation was found between serum cholesterol level and BMI, and the total energy intake was significantly higher in hypercholesterolemic group than in normocholesterolemic group. 3. Hypercholesterolemia seems to occur in the background of accumulation of body fat due to relative excess of energy intake in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hypomethylation of the c-myc oncogene in liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis.

In order to investigate how chronic liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, are associate with hepatocarcinogenesis in terms of gene alteration, the methylation states of the c-myc and c-Ki-ras genes were examined in 34 liver tissues from patients with chronic liver disease without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 34 non-tumor liver tissues from patients with HCC, 18 HCC tissues and 31 control liver tissues. The methylation states were analyzed by the Southern hybridization method using the restriction endonuclease isoschizomers MspI and HpaII. The CCGG sites at the second exon of the c-myc gene tended to be more extensively hypomethylated both in chronic liver disease and in non-tumor tissues than in control livers. Whereas the CCGG sites of the c-Ki-ras, and the third exon of the c-myc gene tended to be hypomethylated only in HCC tissues in comparison with other tissue groups. These results suggest that chronic liver disease may be situated between normal liver and HCC based on the state of DNA methylation and associated with the development of HCC through hypomethylation of the c-myc and/or c-Ki-ras gene.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Tumorigenicity study of sodium erythorbate administered orally to mice.

Sodium erythorbate (SE) was administered at concentrations of 0, 1.25, or 2.5% (maximum tolerated dose, MTD) in the drinking-water to groups of 50 male B6C3F1 mice respectively. Female groups, each consisting of 50 mice, received SE in the drinking-water at concentrations of 0, 2.5 or 5% (MTD). Treatment continued for 96 wks and the experiment was terminated during wk 110. Tumors were observed at various sites including the liver, hematopoietic system, lung and soft tissue. However, at any of the sites, the tumor incidence, the time to death with tumors or the histological distribution of tumors did not differ significantly from those in the untreated control group. Thus, the present study did not demonstrate a tumorigenic effect of SE on B6C3F1 mice by means of oral administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Insulin modulates early-phase noradrenaline response to glucose ingestion in humans.

To clarify the relationship between the early-phase insulin response and the early-phase noradrenaline (NA) response to glucose ingestion in humans, serum NA, adrenaline, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), C-peptide immunoreactivity, potassium, nonesterified fatty acid and plasma glucose levels were measured in 8 non-diabetics and 10 diabetics without autonomic disturbance after oral 75 g glucose load. Following results were obtained: 1) In non-diabetics, the maximal NA response was observed at 30 min after glucose ingestion, but in diabetics, mean serum NA levels remained unchanged. The effect of glucose ingestion on the NA response was significantly different between non-diabetics and diabetics by the repeated measurements analysis of variance (F ratio = 5.72, P less than 0.05). 2) In total group (n = 18), at early-phase after glucose ingestion (at 30 min), positive correlation was found between dIRI level and dNA level (r = 0.52, P less than 0.05), between dIRI level and %dNA level (r = 0.56, P less than 0.05), between dIRI/dglucose ratio (insulinogenic index) and dNA level (r = 0.70, P less than 0.01). 3) In four diabetics, NA responses to glucose ingestion were studied again after mild energy restriction for 2 wk. In three of them, both early-phase IRI response and early-phase NA response to glucose ingestion improved after diet therapy, but in the remainder, early-phase NA response to glucose ingestion remained unchanged in accordance with sustained impaired early-phase insulin response to glucose ingestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hepatocellular tumorigenicity of butylated hydroxytoluene administered orally to B6C3F1 mice.

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a preservative widely found in food as a food additive, was orally administered at concentrations of 1% and 2% of the diet to B6C3F1 mice for 104 consecutive weeks. Treated animals underwent a 16-week recovery period prior to pathological examination. In male mice administered BHT, the incidence of mice with either a hepatocellular adenoma or a focus of cellular alteration in the liver was increased in a clear dose-response relationship. The incidences of male mice with other tumors and the incidences of female mice with any tumor were not significantly increased as a consequence of BHT administration. The results of this study indicate BHT to be tumorigenic to the liver of the B6C3F1 male mouse.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Improvement of glucose tolerance in NIDDM by clofibrate. Randomized double-blind study.

A randomized double-blind study was performed to examine the effect of clofibrate on glucose tolerance in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Clofibrate (1.5 g/day) or placebo was administered to 70 patients and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and 12 wk after treatment. Blood glucose levels were significantly improved in clofibrate-treated groups at all time points during OGTT, whereas there was no change in insulin levels. Improvement of fasting glucose levels required 8 wk of clofibrate treatment. Insulin binding to erythrocytes demonstrated no significant change in the clofibrate-treated subjects. These results suggest that clofibrate improves glucose tolerance in NIDDM subjects without a change in insulin receptors and that clofibrate increases insulin sensitivity through an unknown postreceptor mechanism.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1988

Exercise-induced increase in glandular kallikrein activity in human plasma and its significance in peripheral glucose metabolism.

Glucose uptake into skeletal muscle of human forearm at rest and during exercise is reported to be diminished by the administration of a kallikrein (kallidinogenase) inhibitor. The present study was conducted to clarify the changes of glandular kallikrein (GK) activity in human plasma during acute exercise and its significance in peripheral glucose metabolism. 10 non-diabetic inpatients, aged 49.5 years, and 8 diabetic inpatients, aged 53.8 years, were studied. After an overnight fast, bicycle ergometer exercise test was performed for 15 min (25 W (5 min)----50 W (5 min)----75 W (5 min]. Before (basal), during (at 15 min) and after exercise (at 25 min), venous blood samples were drawn to determine plasma GK activity and glucose, serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI), C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR), nonesterified fatty acids, pyruvate, lactate, noradrenaline and adrenaline levels. In the 1st trial, in both non-diabetics (n = 10) and diabetics (n = 8), plasma GK activity increased significantly during exercise. After the 1st trial, in 6 patients (5 non-diabetics; 1 diabetic), exercise test was repeated once after 2-4 weeks and in a diabetic patient, exercise test was repeated twice at 4-week intervals, accordingly exercise test was performed 26 times in 18 patients in total. Natural logarithmic correlation between sigma glucose level and sigma GK activity (r = 0.52, n = 26), and hyperbolic correlation between sigma glucose level and sigma IRI level (r = -0.66, n = 26) but no correlation between sigma glucose level and sigma CPR level (r = 0.17, n = 26) were found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1987

An altered lectin binding to mucus glycoprotein in goblet cells of human tracheobronchial epithelium among former mustard-gas workers.

Lectins, which are well known to have an ability to bind with specific carbohydrate residues of glycoprotein, have been used to examine cellular changes associated with malignant transformation. For the analysis of mucus glycoprotein of goblet cells in the tracheobronchial epithelium, 192 paraffin-embedded sections from 54 autopsy cases including the cases with a history of mustard-gas (MG) exposure were stained with seven plant lectins using PAP method. PNA binding with no neuraminidase treatment as well as BSA-1 binding was observed most frequently in MG-exposed lung cancer cases. The proportion of cases positive for SBA binding in MG-exposed and/or lung cancer cases had a statistical difference from non-MG-exposed non-lung cancer cases. These observations may indicate a large heterogeneity in oligosaccharide chains of mucus glycoprotein and suggest its incomplete or abnormal synthesis, which is most likely to be due to previous exposure to carcinogen, such as MG.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between protein intake and nitrogen balance in obese patients on low energy diet.

The effect of nitrogen intake on nitrogen balance was studied in six obese patients receiving low energy diets. They were given a control diet containing 2,000 kcal of energy and 80 g of protein for the first ten days. Then they were given Diet A with 1,100 kcal of energy and 70 g of protein for the next 2 weeks, followed by Diet B with 1,100 kcal of energy and 50 g of protein for 2 weeks. The relationship between nitrogen intake (X, mg/kg) and nitrogen balance (Y, mg/kg) during the low energy diet periods was statistically significant, with Y = 0.388X-60.32 (SD = 17.71, r = +0.67, n = 11, p less than 0.05). The nitrogen and protein requirements were estimated from this equation to be 201.1 mg/kg and 1.26 g/kg, respectively. In our experiment, the nitrogen balance in obese patients was well maintained although total energy was reduced to 1,100 kcal/day in Diet A. It is suggested that protein quantity in the diets should be taken into account when a low energy diet is used for the treatment of obesity.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Effects of low energy diets on protein metabolism studies with [15N]glycine in obese patients.

The effects of low energy diets on protein metabolism in terms of the metabolic pool, active protein pool, and active and inactive protein synthesis rates were studied using [15N]glycine in five obese patients (percentage of ideal body weight, 120-190%). For 10 days, the patients were given a control diet containing 2,000 kcal of energy and 80 g of protein. For the next 2 weeks, they were given Diet A with 1,100 kcal of energy and 70 g of protein, and for the last 2 weeks given Diet B with 1,100 kcal of energy and 50 g of protein. During the Diet A period, the active protein pool and the active and inactive protein synthesis rates were about the same as during the control diet period, although the metabolic pool tended to be slightly smaller than during the control diet period. During the Diet B period, the metabolic pool, active protein pool, and active protein synthesis rate were all significantly different from the values during the control diet period. The results suggest that protein metabolism in obese patients is not maintained with less than 70 g of protein daily when energy intake was restricted to 1,100 kcal/day.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1987

Site-specific hypomethylation of the c-myc oncogene in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

In order to examine the effect of alteration in methylation of the c-myc gene on hepatocarcinogenesis, the extent of methylation of the c-myc gene was examined in 24 tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 24 adjacent non-tumor liver tissues from the same patients and 16 control liver tissues by the use of restriction endonucleases. The following results were obtained. (1) The c-myc gene from HCC tissue tended to be hypomethylated in comparison with that in non-tumor liver tissue from the same patient. (2) The c-myc gene from non-tumor liver tissue was hypomethylated to various degrees in comparison with that in control liver tissues. (3) The CCGG site in the third exon of the c-myc gene tended to be more extensively hypomethylated in HCC tissues than in non-tumor and control liver tissues. These results suggest that hypomethylation of the c-myc gene may occur to various degrees before the appearance of HCC, and may be associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, the hypomethylation in the third exon of the c-myc gene is probably important for the development of HCC.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Replication of hepatitis B virus in culture systems with adult human hepatocytes.

We developed a technique for isolation and primary culture of adult human hepatocytes from surgical liver biopsy specimens by in situ perfusion and a shaking method. Cultured hepatocytes were maintained in monolayers for more than three weeks and showed morphological and functional characteristics in vivo. The cultured human hepatocytes were inoculated with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the medium was detected for about three weeks after inoculation, which was longer than that reported in previous studies. In one case of high attachment efficiency, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected in the medium five to eight days after inoculation. HBsAg and HBeAg were also detected in the extracts of inoculated human hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence study revealed HBsAg in 20-30% of hepatocytes and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in 2-3% of the cultured human hepatocytes four days after inoculation. Free HBV DNA was identified in the human hepatocytes for at least two weeks after inoculation, although single-stranded HBV DNA was not detected. These studies suggest that HBsAg was actively produced and that HBV replicated in a small number of inoculated adult human hepatocytes in primary culture. However, further improvement of culture systems is needed for active replication of HBV in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hormonal regulation of glandular kallikrein activity and its inhibitor in human plasma.

Plasma glandular kallikrein (GK) activity, serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), reverse T3, thyroid-stimulating hormone, plasma alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2M) and alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) levels were determined in twenty-nine non-diabetic female subjects given normal ad-lib diet or one of several kinds of caloric composition for more than 7 days after an overnight fast. Positive exponential correlation was found between serum T3 level and plasma GK activity (r = 0.54), and there was positive linear correlation between serum T3 level and plasma 2M level (r = 0.51). Positive natural logarithmic correlation was found between plasma GK activity and plasma alpha 2M level (r = 0.47). There was no correlation between plasma GK activity and plasma alpha 1AT level, and between serum T3 level and plasma alpha 1AT level. No correlation was found between serum T4 level and plasma GK activity, and between serum T4 level and plasma alpha 2M level. There was no correlation between serum T4 and T3 level, but positive exponential correlation was found between serum T4 and reverse T3 level (r = 0.82). These data suggest that T3 responds to dietary carbohydrate through Kallikrein-Kinin system, and T3 regulates both GK activity and its inhibitor (alpha 2M) in human plasma.

Diet↗
PubMed1986

Sclerosing haemangiomas of the lung.

A series of 29 pulmonary sclerosing haemangiomas is analysed. Included is one case with multiple tumours and another with metastatic growth in a hilar lymph node. Histochemical and electron microscopic studies show that type 2 pneumocytes are an important constituent cell type though bronchial structures, tumorlets and angiomas also occur within these tumours. They are considered to be pulmonary hamartomas formed from distal lung structures. They are of slow growth and have been confused in the past with pulmonary histiocytomas and plasma cell granulomas.

Adult↗