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Biomedical subjects

S Nanjo

Publications and source records attributed to S Nanjo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Recurrence of thymoma: clinicopathological features, therapy, and prognosis.

Factors influencing the recurrence or persistence of thymoma after therapy were investigated in 127 patients with thymoma, including 75 with thymoma and myasthenia gravis. The rate of recurrence or persistence was 19% (24 of 127 patients) overall, 11% (8 of 75 patients) in myasthenic thymoma, and 31% (16 of 52 patients) in nonmyasthenic thymoma. The more advanced the clinical stage, the higher the rate of recurrence or persistence. The recurrence/persistence rate for patients with the same clinical stage was higher in those with nonmyasthenic thymoma (8% in Stage I, 11% in Stage II, 36% in Stage III, and 75% in Stage IV) than in those with myasthenic thymoma (0 in Stage I, 13% in Stage II, 18% in Stage III, and 20% in Stage IV). The prognosis for patients having subtotal resection of tumor was good in myasthenic thymoma (recurrence/persistence rate, 17%) in contrast with nonmyasthenic thymoma (recurrence/persistence rate, 78%). These results suggest that nonmyasthenic thymoma is more malignant than myasthenic thymoma. Postoperative radiotherapy was effective in preventing the recurrence or persistence of thymoma after therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Distribution of cefotiam dihydrochloride to the bloodless lung].

The concentration of cefotiam (CTM) in the serum and the bloodless lung with time is discussed. Five patients who were undergone pneumonectomy or lobectomy, were given 1 g of CTM intravenously during the operation. Blood samples and lung samples were collected 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 300 minutes after the administration. The CTM levels in the blood and the lung samples were measured by the agar well bioassay. The CTM levels in the lung samples were modified as the CTM levels in the bloodless lung by calculating the contained blood volume, as lung samples were proven to have a mean value of 34.2% of blood in weight. The serum CTM level was 73.3 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection and then decreased gradually. The CTM level in bloodless lung was elevated during the first 60 minutes, became equal to that of the blood during next 30 minutes and then exceeded the serum levels thereafter. These results indicate that the distribution of CTM to the bloodless lung was excellent and a satisfactory preventative effect against postsurgical infection could be expected.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Invasive thymoma with myasthenia gravis.

In 261 surgically treated patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), 26 had an invasive thymoma and 49 had a noninvasive thymoma. Invasive thymoma was seen in 41% of thymomatous MG patients older than 40 years of age, and 28% in patients younger than 40 years of age. Of 19 patients who underwent total or subtotal thymothymomectomy accompanied by irradiation (4000 rad), 17 were still alive on an average 6.5 years after surgery. The deterioration of MG by the irradiation was observed in 7 of 20 irradiated cases. Thus, postoperative irradiation is effective but should be done with attention to the deterioration of MG. The prognosis of MG in patients with an invasive thymoma was poorer than that in patients with a noninvasive thymoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of preoperative duration of symptoms on patients with myasthenia gravis.

In 80 patients with type II nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis who underwent extended thymectomy, we investigated preoperative duration of symptoms, prognosis after thymectomy, immunological findings, and germinal center formation in the thymus. Our findings included the following. First, the palliation rate after thymectomy ranged from 73 to 100% and was independent of the preoperative duration of symptoms. The remission rate was high in patients with a short preoperative duration. Second, the lymphocyte count of peripheral blood decreased as preoperative duration increased. Third, the percentage of positive reactions to purified protein derivative of tuberculin decreased as preoperative duration increased: 100% in the one-year group, 78% in the two-year group, 75% in the three-year group, and 56% in the four-year group. Fourth, the degree of germinal center formation in the thymus was higher in patients with a longer preoperative duration. The correlation between germinal center formation and preoperative duration was significant. Finally, the T-cell population in peripheral blood and immunoglobulin, and antibody to acetylcholine receptor in serum, had no significant relationship with the preoperative duration of myasthenia gravis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Trans-FBS-channel ventilation during the flexible bronchoscope (FBS) examination in infant.

The most important problem during FBS examination in infants is respiratory care. A new ventilation method using the channel of the FBS is proposed for respiratory care during FBS examination in infants. An FBS with a channel of more than 1.2 mm in diameter was directly inserted into the trachea under general anaesthesia without an orotracheal tube. The first step of this ventilation is the flushing of pure O2 into the lung as inspiration through the channel of the FBS. The second step is the aspiration of expiratory gas through the channel by a vacuum pump. Ventilation during the FBS examination is maintained by the repetition of these two steps by the operation of a stop-cock. Experiments in dogs, and clinical use showed that this method of respiratory care is effective and safe with certain limitations. Clinically, inspection with the FBS could be performed continuously for five minutes in most cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Micropuncture measurement of lung microvascular pressure profile during hypoxia in cats.

To determine the lung microvascular pressure profile during hypoxia, we micropunctured the subpleural microcirculation of isolated perfused cat lungs. Our procedures involved exsanguinating a cat, then cannulating its pulmonary artery, left atrium, and trachea. Using the cat's own blood, we perfused the lungs at pulmonary artery and left atrial pressures of 18 and 9 cm water, respectively, to obtain lung blood flow of 81 +/- 29 ml/(kg body weight x min), which we held constant throughout the experiment. We stabilized the lung surface with a vacuum ring and micropunctured 30- to 50-micrometers arterioles and venules to measure microvascular pressure by the servo-null method. During micropuncture, we held the lungs at constant inflation using airway pressure of 8 cm water. We varied the oxygen concentration of the inflation gas from 30% during baseline to 2% during hypoxia. We studied groups with high (more than 7.5) or normal pH. During normoxia, 27, 44, and 29% of the pressure drop occurred in the arterial, capillary and venous segments, respectively. During hypoxia, the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, which was marked in both groups, was significantly greater in the normal pH group. All segmental pressure drops increased significantly during hypoxia. However, the predominant increase occurred in the arteries where segmental pressure drop increased by 148% and 210%, respectively, in the high and normal pH groups. We conclude that the major site of hypoxic vasoconstriction is in the pulmonary arteries.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1983

Dynamic insufficiency of lung lymph flow from the right lymph duct in dogs with acute filtration edema.

Using 14 anesthetized dogs with lymph flowing through right lymph duct, we observed dynamic insufficiency of lung lymph flow during acute left atrial pressure loading. Net pulmonary microvascular fluid filtration pressure (sigma p) was defined as the difference between pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv) and oncotic gradient through the capillaries (pi mv - pi pmv). Pulmonary extravascular water content (PEVW) was well correlated with sigma p in either mild edema or gross edema (PEVW = 0.19 sigma p + 2.15, r = 0.813, 0.001 less than p less than 0.002). Percent increase in lymph flow (% Qlym) was well correlated with both PEVW (% Qlym = 130.8 PEVW - 376.5, r = 0.886, 0.005 less than p less than 0.01) and sigma p (% Qlym = 11.0 sigma p + 34.7, r = 0.853, 0.02 less than p less than 0.05) in mild edema. However, in gross edema compared with mild edema, % Qlym as a function of PEVW or sigma p was significantly low. We concluded that in gross edema with PEVW, over 6 g/g of bloodless dry lung and sigma p over 20 mmHg, lymph flow from right lymph duct becomes dynamically insufficient and can neither transport enough fluid from the pulmonary interstitium nor tracheobronchial trees to relieve the edema process.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Concentrated albumin does not affect lung edema formation after acid instillation in the dog.

Recent investigations of the role of large infusions of concentrated serum albumin on the acute pulmonary edema caused by hydrochloric acid (HCl) aspiration have produced contradictory results. We used the open thorax anesthetized dog with weighed lung lobe as well as completely isolated perfused weighed lobes. The results were the same with both preparations. Instillation of 0.1 N HCl (2 ml/kg) caused small increases in pulmonary artery pressure, and the rate of lung weight gain increased from 1.2 to 2.5 g/h to 22.2 to 30.2 g/h. Addition of 25% human serum albumin, either before or after acid instillation, had no significant effect on the rate of lobe weight gain. Additional experiments showed that after HCl the rate of lobe weight gain was exquisitely sensitive to pulmonary arterial pressure. Albumin therapy is without benefit in the prevention or treatment of the pulmonary edema caused by HCl aspiration.

Animals↗