Neonatal sepsis.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
S Nigam
Publications and source records attributed to S Nigam.
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. Relationship of maternal factors and delivery room practices to effective control measures.
Gonococcal opthalmia (proved by cultures) occurred in 11 infants delivered at the Jewish Hospital and Medical Center of Brookly (JHMCB) during a three and one-half-year period. Two more infant had conjunctivitis with presumptive evidence of gonococci (Gram stain of eye discharge). Silver nitrate was instilled in the eyes of the neonates by registered nurses. Maternal histories of these infants showed lack of prenatal care in ten, history of gonorrhea in pregnancy in three, and positive serology (STS) in two; ten of the mothers were unmarried. The over-all incidence of gonorrhea at the JHMCB prenatal clinic screening program is very low (0.02 per cent). Prevention of neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia depends on: vigorous screening of mothers at delivery as well as during prenatal visits, careful attention to instillation of silver nitrate in the neonates' eyes, development of serologic tests for gonorrhea, and improved bacteriologic methods for culturing the organism.
Conjunctivitis↗
Conjunctival papillomas in norther Canadian natives.
Cases of conjunctival papilloma evaluated at a hospital that acts as a referral centre for native people (Indian and Inuit) from northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories were compared with those from other hospitals in the same region whose referral base is primarily non-native. When the data were standardized for population unitsof 100,000 the tumours appeared to be occurring with a greater frequency among lnuit of the Western Arctic. These findings are supported statistically, although it is possible that bias may have been introduced by the small number of cases and other related factors.
Adolescent↗
Primary anophthalmos histological and genetic features.
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Anophthalmos↗
Pulmonary apergillosis: report of seven cases.
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Adolescent↗
Perinatal outcome of triplet gestation: does prophylactic cerclage make a difference?
OBJECTIVE: To compare the perinatal outcome of triplet gestations with and without prophylactic cerclage. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all triplet gestations delivered between January 1988 and June 1997 was performed. Only women initiating prenatal care before 15 weeks gestation were included. The cerclage group was compared to the no-cerclage group for maternal and perinatal outcome variables. Student t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test were used for analysis. RESULTS: Twenty of the 59 (33.8%) sets of triplet gestations had prophylactic cerclage. There were no differences between groups when compared for maternal age, parity, preterm labor rate, gestational diabetes, anemia, antenatal steroid use, histologic chorioamnionitis, and postoperative endometritis. In addition, there were no differences in mean birth weight, Apgar scores, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage/periventricular leucomalacia (IVH/PVL), and neonatal mortality. Although the mean gestational age at delivery for the cerclage group (32.8+/-2.4 weeks) was not different from the no-cerclage group (31.5+/-3.6 weeks), the proportion of pregnancies delivered at 31 weeks or more, and at 32 weeks or more, was significantly higher in the cerclage group (90 vs. 62%, P = .02; 80 vs. 54%, P = .05), respectively. In addition, the incidence of extremely low birth weight (LBW) was significantly decreased in the cerclage compared with the no-cerclage group (1.7 vs. 15.4%, P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic cerclage decreased significantly the incidence of extremely LBW neonates in triplet pregnancies. The proportion of neonates delivered at 31 weeks or more, and at 32 weeks or more was higher in the cerclage group.
Cervix Uteri↗
Benign vascular tumors of female genital tract.
Vascular tumors are rare in female genital tract (FGT). The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of vascular tumors in FGT and to highlight their clinicopathologic features. As a retrospective study, clinical features including imaging studies, gross findings, and microscopic features of cases (ten) diagnosed as having vascular tumors of FGT over 4 years were reviewed. The age range of our cases was 12-52 years. The presenting complaint was abdominal pain/mass, postcoital bleeding, and vaginal and vulval mass. In most cases, duration of symptoms was 6 months to 2 years. Only one case had a long-standing history of 8 years. The vascular tumors occurred most commonly in ovary (six), followed by vulva (two), and one each in cervix and vagina. Clinical diagnoses ranged from cystadenoma in ovarian tumors to endocervical polyp in cervical tumor. Histologically, all were benign vascular neoplasms, ranging from hemangioma (five), lymphangioma (one), lymphangioma circumscriptum (one) to angiomatosis (two) and arteriovenous malformation (one). Thus, we conclude that vascular lesions in FGT can present with symptoms similar to epithelial malignancies and may lead to unwarranted radical surgery. Vascular lesions of cervix and vulvovaginal region pose special problem during pregnancy. Risk of Kasabach-Merritt coagulopathy has to be considered in larger vascular tumors. Most of these cases can be treated by surgery.
Adolescent↗
Nasal polyps and their content of arachidonic acid metabolites.
In three different groups of patients with nasal polyps without or with bronchial hyperreactivity and aspirin-sensitivity the content of several prostaglandin metabolites and LTC4 were measured in the polyp-tissue. A significant elevation of Thromboxane formation (TxB2) was found. The pathophysiological importance of this finding for the development of bronchial hyperreactivity in these patients is seen in context with the non-cholinergic stimulating system with consecutive substance P-formation and the role of the eosinophil cell in chronic inflammation.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
Inflammatory pseudotumour of lung.
Inflammatory pseudotumour of lung is a rare benign lung tumour of uncertain aetiology. It is difficult to distinguish clinically as well as histologically from inflammatory lesions, hamartomas and neoplasms. Only two such cases have been reported from India earlier. We report one such case, that was clinically misdiagnosed as neuroblastoma.
Biopsy↗
Street children of India -- a glimpse.
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Adolescent↗
Development of a sensitive and specific 14C-serotonin release assay for platelet-activating factor (PAF) in human neutrophils.
A modified, sensitive and specific serotonin release assay has been developed for the routine determination of PAF in human neutrophils. PAF-mediated release of the serotonin from rabbit platelets served as the principle of the bioassay. Prior to the assay, the sample containing PAF underwent a three-step extraction and purification process, namely Bligh and Dyer extraction, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification and an additional post-HPLC Bligh and Dyer extraction. The overall recovery after the three-step extraction and purification process was never less than 70%. Rabbit platelets were labeled with 14C-serotonin and gel-filtered on Sephadex CL-2B column before using for the PAF assay. A standard curve was prepared for the serotonin release with known amounts of PAF between 10 and 1000 fmol. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 fmol/tube, which still caused approximately 5% of the maximum serotonin release. Our method is simple, accurate, sensitive and rapid for routine measurements of PAF in human neutrophils.
Animals↗
Elevated plasma levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in breast cancer patients with hypercalcemia.
Peripheral plasma concentrations of PAF were measured in patients with benign and malignant tumors of the breast, and in healthy female controls with a very sensitive PAF assay. The mean values +/- SEM were significantly higher in the malignant group than in healthy controls (1070 +/- 111 fmol/ml vs. 142 +/- 12 fmol/ml, P less than 0.01) and patients with benign tumors of the breast (1070 +/- 111 fmol/ml vs. 208 +/- 16 fmol/ml). Patients with malignant tumors of the breast and hypercalcemia contributed predominantly to the higher values of PAF (1500 +/- 167 fmol/l). The high levels of PAF were not found to be correlated to the clinical and histopathological data. The surgical removal of the tumor had little effect on the plasma concentration of PAF. In contrast, hypercalcemic patients showed an increase, although not significant, in plasma PAF levels after the surgical operation.
Adult↗